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Cronstedtite

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Big Photo

Brunita open pit (Brunita Quarry), La Peraleja, Sierra Minera de Cartagena-La Unión, La Unión, Murcia, Spain
© Fontana Gianluca

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Formula:
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
System:TrigonalColour:Black, dark brown-black, ...
Hardness:3½
Member of:Serpentine Group
Name:
After Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1722-1765), Swedish chemist and mineralogist who discovered nickel, scheelite and coined the term zeolite. Cronstedt's mineralogical books revolutionized mineralogy and he is sometimes regarded as the father of modern mineralogy.
This page provides mineralogical data about Cronstedtite.

Classification of Cronstedtite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/H.27-120
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.ED.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
D : Phyllosilicates with kaolinite layers composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
Dana 8th edition ID:71.1.4.7

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
1 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.19.7

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
19 : Silicates of Fe
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Type Occurrence of Cronstedtite

Type Locality:Příbram, Central Bohemia Region, Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen), Czech Republic
Year of Discovery:1821

Occurrences of Cronstedtite

Geological Setting:Low temperature hydrothermal mineral.

Physical Properties of Cronstedtite

Lustre:Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Black, dark brown-black, green-black
Streak:Dark olive green
Hardness (Mohs):3½
Tenacity:Elastic
Cleavage:Perfect
on {001}
Density (measured):3.34 - 3.35 g/cm3

Crystallography of Cronstedtite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:P3 1m
Cell Parameters:a = 5.49Å, b = 9.51Å, c = 7.32Å
β = 104.51°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.577 : 1 : 0.77
Unit Cell Volume:V 191.07 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Pseudohexagonal prisms, divergent fibrous groups, "cylindrical", reniform, massive. Many polytypes are known and pedion faces may be triangular or pseudohexagonal.
Twinning:Twin axis [100], interpenetrating trigonal pyramids.
Comment:Stacking polytypes
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
7.09 (100)
3.54 (85)
2.722 (50)
2.439 (40)
2.305 (16)
1.680 (16)
1.586 (40)

Optical Data of Cronstedtite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.720 nβ = 1.800 nγ = 1.800
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.080

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r < v moderate
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:In brown and blacks

Chemical Properties of Cronstedtite

Formula:
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Essential elements:Fe, H, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, O, Si
Common Impurities:Al,Ca

Relationship of Cronstedtite to other Species

Member of:Serpentine Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Amesite
Mg
 
2
Al(AlSiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Antigorite
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Baumite
(Mg,Al,Mn,Zn,Fe)
 
3
(Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
(OH)
 
4
Berthierine
(Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,AlMg)
 
2-3
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Brindleyite
(Ni,Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Al(Si,Al)O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Caryopilite
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Chrysotile
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Clinochrysotile
Dickite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Fraipontite
(Zn,Al)
 
3
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Greenalite
Fe
 
2-3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Halloysite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Kaolinite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Kellyite
Mn
2+
2
Al(AlSiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Lizardite
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Manandonite
LiAl
 
4
(BSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
6
Nacrite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Népouite
(Ni,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Odinite
(Fe,Mg,Al,Fe,Ti,Mn)
 
2.4
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Orthochrysotile
Parachrysotile
Pecoraite
Ni
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Vorhauserite
Common Associates:
SphaleriteSideriteQuartzPyriteClinochlore
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.ED.05Dickite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.05Kaolinite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.05Nacrite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.05Odinite
(Fe,Mg,Al,Fe,Ti,Mn)
 
2.4
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.10Halloysite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.10Hisingerite
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.ED.10Halloysite-7Å
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Amesite
Mg
 
2
Al(AlSiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Antigorite
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Berthierine
(Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,AlMg)
 
2-3
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Brindleyite
(Ni,Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Al(Si,Al)O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Caryopilite
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Chrysotile
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Fraipontite
(Zn,Al)
 
3
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Greenalite
Fe
 
2-3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Kellyite
Mn
2+
2
Al(AlSiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Lizardite
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Manandonite
LiAl
 
4
(BSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
6
9.ED.15Népouite
(Ni,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Pecoraite
Ni
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Guidottiite
Mn
 
2
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
SiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.20Allophane
(Al
 
2
O
 
3
)(SiO
 
2
)
 
1.3-2
 · 2.5-3H
 
2
O
9.ED.20Chrysocolla
Cu
 
2-x
Al
 
x
(H
 
2-x
Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
 · nH
 
2
O (x < 1)
9.ED.20Imogolite
Al
 
2
SiO
 
3
(OH)
 
4
9.ED.20Neotocite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
9.ED.25Bismutoferrite
Fe
3+
2
Bi(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
9.ED.25Chapmanite
Fe
3+
2
Sb
3+
 
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.19.1Fayalite
Fe
2+
2
SiO
 
4
14.19.2Ferrosilite
FeSiO
 
3
14.19.3Laihunite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
14.19.4Ferro-anthophyllite
☐{Fe
2+
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
14.19.5Ferripyrophyllite
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
14.19.6Greenalite
Fe
 
2-3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
14.19.8Hisingerite
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O

Other Names for Cronstedtite

Synonyms:
Chloro-melaneCronstediteMelanglimmerSideroschisolite
Other Languages:
German:Cronstedit
Cronstedtit
Sideroschisolith
Russian:Кронстедтит
Simplified Chinese:弹性绿泥石
Spanish:Cronstedita
Cronstedtita
Sideroschisolita
Traditional Chinese:彈性綠泥石

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Cronstedtite

Reference List:

- +
Mineralogical Record (1988): 19: 169.

Best Localities for Cronstedtite

Best of Species:Cronstedtite

Internet Links for Cronstedtite

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    • External Links:
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  • Look for Cronstedtite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Cronstedtite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Cronstedtite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Specimens:The following Cronstedtite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
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    • Localities for Cronstedtite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
      • Cue Shire
        • Madoonga Station
    		MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, MARCH 1982, VOL, 46, PP. 127-30
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Persenbeug-Gottsdorf
          • Loja
    		Löffler, E. & Kolitsch, U. (2011): Die Mineralien der Loja bei Persenbeug, Niederösterreich (I). Mineralien-Welt. 22 (3): 73-84
    • Salzburg
      • Lungau
        • Murwinkel
          • Rotgülden
            • Lower Rotgülden lake
    		[Lapis 1993:5 p.13-28]
    Bolivia
     
    • La Paz Department
      • Inquisivi Province
        • Colquiri
    		Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz)
    • Oruro Department
      • Dalence Province
        • Huanuni
    		[MinRec 32:472]; Min Rec 34 (2003), 155
    • Potosí Department
      • Rafael Bustillo Province (Bustillos Province)
        • Llallagua
    		Mineralogical Record: 32: 474.;Hyrsl, J. & A. Petrov (2006): Famous Mineral Localities: Llallagua, Bolivia. Mineralogical Record. 37: 117-162
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. (7076CL).
    Am Min 47 (1962), 781
          • Březové Hory (Birkenberg) ore region
            • Březové Hory deposit
    		[Bull.N.M.Praha 2002, 10, p.43-77]
      • Pardubice Region
    		Novák, F., Jansa, J.: Parageneze nerostů s helvínem z chvaletického ložiska. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1965, roč. 10, č. 1, s. 75-79.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Carcassonne
          • Mas-Cabardès
            • Salsigne
    		 Le Règne Minéral, Hors série (3), 36-54; Cooper, Michael P.(1997) What’s New in Minerals, Munich Show 1996. Mineralogical Record 28:137
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Waldsassen
            • Pfaffenreuth
    		F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke", 2nd. ed. (1984), pp. 29-32
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz
        • Gernrode
    		Lapis 15(7/8), 38-40 (1990)
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Hungary
     
    • Pest Co.
      • Börzsöny Mts.
        • Nagybörzsöny
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Sestri Levante
    		Carbone, C. , Marescotti, P., Cabella, R., Lucchetti, G. (2002): Sulfide alteration and related secondary minerals from the Libiola mine (Eastern Liguria, Italy). Poster at the 82° SIMP Congress , Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 18-20/09/2002. Abstract in Plinius 28 , 88-89.
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Canavese District
          • Chiusella Valley
            • Traversella
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Léssolo
            • Cálea
    		"Le miniere di Brosso" I.Campostrini 2001 - ed. Museo Regionale Torino
    • Sardinia
      • Sassari Province
        • Porto Torres
    		Stara, P. & Conti-Vecchi, G. (1991): Minerali della Sardegna. Edizioni Della Torre, Cagliari, 276 pp.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert)
    		Jeremolenko, V. (2002): Kara-Oba: Mineralogische Perle der Betpak-Ebene bei Dzhambul, Kasachstan. Lapis 27 (4), 13-34 + 50
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • East Camp
    		Panczner (1987): 77-395.
          • West Camp
            • Francisco Portillo
    		Panczner (1987):94-366.
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Langangen
          • Rønningen (Skredderrønningen)
    		Andersen, F., Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. Mineralien-Welt 7(4), 21-100; Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Peru
     
    • Huánuco Department
      • Dos de Mayo Province
        • Huallanca District
    		Hyrsl & Rosales (2003) Mineralogical Record, 34, 241-254.
    Romania
     
    • Maramureș Co.
      • Baia Mare (Nagybánya)
    		A specimen in the British Museum-Rock Currier
    Huber, P. & Muresan,I. (1996): Die Erzlagerstätte Herja - Eisen-, Blei- und Antimonminerale aus der Erzlagerstätte Herja (Herzsabánya). Lapis, 21 (7), 27ff. (in German)
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Košice Region
      • Rožňava Co.
        • Rožňava (Rosenau)
    		- Varček, C., Vascoucelos, J. M., Petrova, R., Fejdi, P. (1990): Cronstedtit (Fe2+Fe3+)SiFe3+O5(OH)4 zo žily Klement, Rožňava. Miner. Slov., 22, 565-567.
    South Africa
     
    • Western Cape Province
      • Cape Winelands District
        • Ceres
          • Koue Bokkeveld Mtn
    		Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV (2003)
    Spain
     
    • Murcia
      • La Unión
        • Sierra Minera de Cartagena-La Unión
          • La Peraleja
    		Calvo, M. (1996). Mineralogía. La Unión. Bocamina, 2, 14-35
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Kea
            • Baldhu
    		Hey's Mineral Index 3rd ed.
        • Mount's Bay District
          • Paul
    		No reference listed
        • St Austell District
          • Lostwithiel
    		Hogg, T. (1825): A Manual of Mineralogy. Polyblank Publishers (London), p. 60; Hall, T.M. (1868): The Mineralogist's Directory. Edward Stanford (London), 168 pp.; Dines, H.G. (1956): The metalliferous mining region of south-west England. HMSO Publications (London), Vol. 2, pp. 517-518
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Mohave Co.
        • Aquarius Mts (Aquarius Range; Peacock Range)
    		Heinrich, E. Wm. (1960), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 167: 12-18; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 194, 303; Kauffman, A.J., Jr. & Jaffe, H.W. (1946), Chevkinite (tscheffkinite) from AZ, Am.Min.: 31:582-588.
    Kauffman and Jaffe (1946): 582; Heinrich, E.Wm. (1960), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 167: 19.
    • Connecticut
      • Fairfield Co.
        • Trumbull
          • Long Hill
    		Hoadley, Charles W. (1918): An American Occurrence of Cronstedtite. American Mineralogist: 3:6.; Manchester, James G. (1931): The Minerals of New York City and Its Environs. Afferton Press. 168 p.
    • Nevada
      • Elko Co.
        • Cornucopia District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Yemen
     
    • Hadramawt Governorate
    		Zolensky, M. & A.Ivanov, Chemie der Erde 63,185-246(2003)
    Mineral and/or Locality
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