Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Crookesite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About CrookesiteHide

06879440014946315048197.jpg
William Crookes
Formula:
Cu7(Tl, Ag)Se4
Formely considered (Cu,Tl,Ag)2Se.
Colour:
Lead Grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.90
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named in honor of Sir William Crookes (17 June 1832, London, England - 4 April 1919, London, England), chemist and physicist. He worked on spectroscopy, and used that technology to discover thallium in 1861.
This page provides mineralogical data about Crookesite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1159
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1159:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
dbf87b55-b5ad-4889-855a-4bf7ff096787

IMA Classification of CrookesiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu7TlSe4
First published:
1867

Classification of CrookesiteHide

2.BD.50

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
D : With Hg, Tl
2.4.12.1

2 : SULFIDES
4 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:1
3.5.12

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
5 : Sulphides etc. of Hg and Tl

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
CrkIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
CrkThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of CrookesiteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead Grey
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=92 - 123 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Two at right angles
Density:
6.90 g/cm3 (Measured)    7.443 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of CrookesiteHide

Anisotropism:
Weak but distinct in brownish tones
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2
400nm33.6%35.9%
420nm33.3%35.8%
440nm32.7%35.8%
460nm32.4%35.7%
480nm32.5%35.6%
500nm32.8%35.3%
520nm33.1%35.1%
540nm33.1%34.8%
560nm33.0%34.7%
580nm32.7%34.6%
600nm32.6%34.7%
620nm32.4%35.0%
640nm32.2%35.2%
660nm31.9%35.2%
680nm31.6%35.3%
700nm31.2%35.3%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 35.9%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red

Chemistry of CrookesiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Cu7(Tl, Ag)Se4

Formely considered (Cu,Tl,Ag)2Se.
Common Impurities:
Fe

Crystallography of CrookesiteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.435 Å, c = 3.954 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.379
Unit Cell V:
430.55 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Disseminated specks and in veinlets.
Comment:
Point Group: 4/m, 4, or 4 ; Space Group: I4/m, I4, or I4.

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File    Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0013691CrookesiteEriksson L, Werner P E, Berger R, Meerschaut A (1991) Structure refinement of TlCu7Se4 from X-ray powder profile data Journal of Solid State Chemistry 90 61-681991synthetic0293
0013692CrookesiteEriksson L, Werner P E, Berger R, Meerschaut A (1991) Structure refinement of TlCu7Se4 from X-ray powder profile data Journal of Solid State Chemistry 90 61-681991synthetic0293
0013693CrookesiteEriksson L, Werner P E, Berger R, Meerschaut A (1991) Structure refinement of TlCu7Se4 from X-ray powder profile data Journal of Solid State Chemistry 90 61-681991Skrikerum mine, Sweden0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.29 Å(100)
2.59 Å(100)
3.00 Å(80)
2.11 Å(50)
1.833 Å(40)
1.779 Å(40)
2.32 Å(30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Type Occurrence of CrookesiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
As finely divided, disseminated specks.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal deposits
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Nordenskiöld, A.E. (1867) Sur les minéraux sélénifères et thallifères de Skrikerum. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Chimique de Paris: 7: 409-414.

Other Language Names for CrookesiteHide

German:Crookesit
Simplified Chinese:硒铊银铜矿
Spanish:Crookesita
Traditional Chinese:硒鉈銅銀礦

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
12 photos of Crookesite associated with CalciteCaCO3
8 photos of Crookesite associated with Bukovite(Cu3Fe)Σ4Tl2Se4
4 photos of Crookesite associated with KlockmanniteCuSe
2 photos of Crookesite associated with BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
1 photo of Crookesite associated with BerzelianiteCu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)
1 photo of Crookesite associated with AthabascaiteCu5Se4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.BD.UM2004-33-S:AgCuHgSe(Ag,Cu)8Hg3(S,Se)7
2.BD.VrančiceiteCu10Hg3S8Tric. 1 : P1
2.BD.05ImiteriteAg2HgS2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.BD.10GortdrumiteCu24Fe2Hg9S23Tric. 1 : P1
2.BD.15BalkaniteCu9Ag5HgS8Mon. 2/m : P2/m
2.BD.15Danielsite(Cu,Ag)14HgS8Orth.
2.BD.20DonharrisiteNi3HgS3Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.BD.25CarliniteTl2STrig. 3 : R3
2.BD.30Bukovite(Cu3Fe)Σ4Tl2Se4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
2.BD.30MurunskiteK2(Cu,Fe)4S4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
2.BD.30ThalcusiteTl2Cu3FeS4Tet.
2.BD.35Rohaite(Tl,Pb,K)2Cu8.7Sb2S4Orth.
2.BD.40ChalcothalliteTl2(Cu,Fe)6SbS4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
2.BD.45SabatieriteTlCu6Se4Orth.
2.BD.55BrodtkorbiteCu2HgSe2Mon. 2/m : P21/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CrookesiteHide

References for CrookesiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for CrookesiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • La Rioja Province
    • General Lamadrid Department
      • Villa Castelli
        • Sierra de Cacho
Paar et al. (2002) +2 other references
Armenia
 
Khachaturyan (1957)
Canada
 
  • Saskatchewan
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference
China
 
  • Anhui
    • Huaibei
      • Suixi Co.
        • Sanpu ore field
Yanjing Chen et al. (2007)
Zhao et al. (1999)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
Škácha et al. (2017)
  • Vysočina Region
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Nové Město na Moravě
Kvaček +1 other reference
      • Rožná
        • Rožná deposit
Vavřín +2 other references
Kvaček (1979)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Puy-de-Dôme
      • Issoire
        • Le Vernet-Chaméane
Agrinier et al. (1967)
Germany
 
  • Lower Saxony
    • Göttingen District
      • Harz (Landkreis Göttingen)
Weiß (1990)
      • Walkenried
        • Zorge
Weiß (1990)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • Aue-Bad Schlema
Forster et al. (2004)
Sweden (TL)
 
  • Östergötland County
    • Valdemarsvik
Am Min 35 (1950) +2 other references
Switzerland
 
  • Aargau
    • Laufenburg
      • Kaisten
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Rheinfelden
Stalder et al. (1998)
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: March 19, 2024 03:34:06 Page updated: January 23, 2024 19:53:37
Go to top of page