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Crossite

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Bragança District, Portugal
© Martins da Pedra

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Colour:BlueHardness:6
Name:
Named in 1894 by Charles Palache for Charles Whitman Cross [September 1, 1854 Southampton near Amherst, Massachusetts - April 20, 1949 Chevy Chase, Maryland]. Cross was a petrologist the the United States geological Survey and was widely regarded as the greatest field petrologist of his generation. He was important in classifying igneous rocks, etc.
Isostructural with:Amphibole Group


A discontinued amphibole name.
Intermediate between riebeckites and glaucophanes.

Originally described from North Berkeley, Alameda Co., California, USA.

Classification of Crossite

IMA status:Discredited 1997
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.20.4

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
20 : Aluminosilicates of Fe, Mg and alkalis
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Physical Properties of Crossite

Lustre:Vitreous
Colour:Blue
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):6

Optical Data of Crossite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.640 - 1.659 nβ = 1.645 - 1.666 nγ = 1.652 - 1.670
2V:Measured: 12° to 65°, Calculated: 72° to 82°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.012

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:very strong

Relationship of Crossite to other Species

Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
16.20.1Glaucophane
◻[Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
16.20.2Sodium-anthophyllite
16.20.3Sodium Gedrite
16.20.5Ferro-eckermannite
[Na][Na
 
2
][(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
4
Al]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
16.20.6Wonesite
(Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)
 
6
((Al,Si)
 
4
O
 
10
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
4
16.20.8Lennilenapeite
K
 
6-7
(Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn)
 
48
(Si,Al)
 
72
(O,OH)
 
216
 · 16H
 
2
O
16.20.9Stilpnomelane
(K,Ca,Na)(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
8
(Si,Al)
 
12
(O,OH)
 
36
 · nH
 
2
O
16.20.10Glauconite
(K,Na)(Fe
3+
 
,Al,Mg)
 
2
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2

Other Names for Crossite

Synonyms:
HeikkoliteHeikolite
Other Languages:
German:Crossit
Heikkolit
Heikolit
Russian:Кроссит
Simplified Chinese:平康石
Spanish:Crossita
Heikkolita
Heikolita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Crossite

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    • Localities for Crossite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Abtenau
        • Rigaus
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection
        • Seydegg
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Golling
        • Grabenbach area
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Bad Aussee
        • Wienern
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    China
     
    • Heilongjiang Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Mudanjiang Prefecture
        • Muling Co.
    		Huiwen Ye, Xingzhou Zhang, and Yuwen Zhou (1994): Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology 39(4)
    Huiwen Ye, Xingzhou Zhang, and Yuwen Zhou (1994): Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology 39(4)
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Nagchu (Naqu) Prefecture
        • Qiangtang metamorphic belt
    		Kapp, P., Yin, A., Manning, C.E., Murphy, M., Harrison, T.M., Spurlin, M., Lin, D., Xiguang, D., and Cunming, W. (2000): Geology 28(1), 19-22.
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
    		Gao Jiu, Klemd, R., Zhang Lifei, Wang Su, and Xiao Xiong (1999): Journal of Metamorphic Geology 17(6), 621-636.
        • Tekesi (Tekes) Co.
          • Kekesu river valley
    		Jun Gao, Guoqi He, Maosong Li, Xuchang Xiao, Yaoqing Tang, Jun Wang, and Min Zhao (1995): Tectonophysics 250(1-3), 151-168
        • Zhaosu Co.
    		Lifei Zhang, Jun Gao, Ekebair, S., and Zongxiu Wang (2001): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 44(1), 85-96.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Kraslice (Graslitz)
    		Beran, P.: Mineralogie ložiska Cu (Ag, Au, Co) rud Tisová u Kraslic. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 65-77.
    France
     
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Hautes-Alpes
        • Saint-Véran
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, P.A. Poulain, "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France : Hautes-Alpes", BRGM, 1972
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
          • Sifnos Island
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 619-634.
    Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 607-623.
    • Peloponnese (Peloponnisos) Department
      • Lakonia (Laconia) Prefecture
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1991, 3, pp. 343-366.
    • South Aegean Department
      • Dodekánisos (Dodekánissa) Prefecture
        • Dodecanese Islands
          • Arki (Arkioi) Island
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 527-537.
    Hungary
     
    • Vas Co.
      • Vas Hill
        • Felsõcsatár (Felsöcsatár)
    		Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min.Spec., 1993
    India
     
    • Rajasthan (Rajputana)
      • Jaipur Division
    		Sarkar, S. C., Bhattacharyya, P. K., and Mukherjee, A. D., 1980, Evolution of the Sulfide Ores of Saladipura, Rajasthan, India, Economic Geology, 75:1152-1167.
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
    		Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia.
    Jamaica
     
    • Saint Thomas Parish
      • Union Hill
    		Geol. Soc. of America Bulletin, V 97, N 1, pp. 48-60, 1986.
    Japan
     
    • Shikoku Island
      • Kochi Prefecture
        • Kochi City
          • Rendai
    		Mineralogical Journal Vol. 13 (1986) , No. 6 pp368-375
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Otago
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Košice Region
      • Košice Co.
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data).
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data).
    South Korea
     
    • Gangwon-do (Kangwon-do; Gang'weondo)
    		No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Zermatt - Saas Fee area
        • Saas Valley
          • Saas Almagell
    		Christian Bracke Collection
    Taiwan
     
    • Taiwan Province
      • Hualien Co.
        • Juishuei
    Turkey
     
    • Eastern Anatolia Region
      • Bingöl Province
    		Econ Geol (1984) 79:354-371
    Econ Geol (1984) 79:354-371
    Econ Geol (1984) 79:354-371
    • Marmara Region
      • Bursa Province
        • Tavşanlı Zone
    		Okay, A.I. (2002): Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, 757-768.
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Yukon-Koyukuk Borough
        • Iditarod District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • California
      • Alameda Co.
        • Berkeley
    		No reference listed
    Palache, Charles (1894b), On a rock from the vicinity of Berleley containing a new soda amphibole: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 1: 181, 185; Washington, H.S. (1901), A chemical study of the glaucophane schists: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 11: 47-52; Switzer, George S. (1951b) Mineralogy of the California glaucophane schists. California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 161: 57; Borg, Iris Y. (1967), Optical properties and cell parameters in the glaucophane-riebeckite series: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 15: 67.
      • Contra Costa Co.
        • San Pablo
    		Palache, Charles (1894b), On a rock from the vicinity of Berkeley containing a new soda amphibole: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 1: 184; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 344; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 474.
      • Los Angeles Co.
        • Palos Verdes Estates
    		Reed, Ralph Daniel (1928), A siliceous shale formation from southern California: Journal of Geology: 36: 347; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 69, 200.
    Woodford, A.O. (1924), The Catalina metamorphic facies of the Franciscan series: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 15: 49-68; [… (abstract): Geol. Zentralbl., Band 33: 98 (1926)]: 54; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 69.
        • Santa Catalina Island
          • Escondido Canyon
    		Bailey, Edgar H. (1941a), Mineralogy, petrology and geology of Santa Catalina Island, California: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University: 61-62; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485.
    Bailey, Edgar H. (1941a), Mineralogy, petrology and geology of Santa Catalina Island, California: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University: 71; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 403.
      • Marin Co.
        • Angel Island State Park
    		Bloxam, T.W. (1960), Jadeite rocks and glaucophane schists from Angel Island, San Francisco Bay, California: American Journal of Science: 258: 558-560; Coleman, R.G. & J.R. Clark (1968), Pyroxenes in the blueschist facies of California: American Journal of Science: 266: 44; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 403.
      • Mendocino Co.
        • Coastal Range
          • Laytonville
    		Chesterman, C.W. (1966b), Mineralogy of the Laytonville quarry, Mendocino County, California, in: Geology of Northern California: California Division Mines & Geol. Bulletin 190: 503, 506; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 403.
          • McClure Place
            • Jumpoff Creek
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 69; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 403.
      • Orange Co.
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 69 (based on a p.c. to Murdoch & Webb from Jenni); Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 403.
      • San Benito Co.
        • Diablo Range
          • New Idria District
            • Picacho Peak
              • Clear Creek area
    		Joseph F. Cooper Jr., Gail E. Dunning, Ted A.Hadley (2003) Minerology of the Victor Claim, Clear Creek Area, New Idria District, San Benito County, California.
            • San Benito River headwaters area
              • Dallas Gem Mine area
    		Wise, W.S & Gill, R.H. (1977): Minerals of the Benitoite Gem mine. Mineralogical Record 8, 442-452
    Ernst, W.G. (1965) Mineral paragenesis in Franciscan metamorphic rocks, Panoche Pass, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin: 76: 887; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 404.
    Woodford, A.O. (1925), The San Onofre breccia; its nature and origin: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin 15: 186; Reed, Ralph Daniel (1928), A siliceous shale formation from southern California: Journal of Geology: 36: 347; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 69, 70.
        • Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
          • San Onofre Mountain
    		Woodford, A.O. (1925), The San Onofre breccia; its nature and origin: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin 15: 159-280; [… (abstract): Geol. Zentralbl., Band 33: 109 (1926)]: 186; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 309.
      • Sonoma Co.
        • Coast Range
          • Cazadero
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433, 493.
    Coleman, R.G. & D.E. Lee (1963), Glaucophane-bearing metamorphic rocks of the Cazadero area, California: Jour. Petrol.: 4: 260; Coleman, R.G. & J.J. Papike (1968), Alkali amphiboles from the blueshchists of Cazadero, California: Jour. Petr.: 9: 109, 111, 113-118; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 404.
    • Colorado
      • Custer Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Teller Co.
    		Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
    • Minnesota
      • St. Louis Co.
        • Vermilion River Mines
    		55TH INSTITUTE ON LAKE SUPERIOR GEOLOGY (2009) PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 55 p. 23-24
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