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Cuspidine

Big Photo

Ariccia, Alban Hills, Rome Province, Latium, Italy
© C.H.M.-Schäfer

Show Cuspidine Photos (19)
Formula:
Ca
 
4
[(F,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
System:MonoclinicColour:Colorless, tan, light ...
Hardness:5 - 6
Name:Named by Arcangelo Scacchi in 1876 from the Greek "cuspis," for a spear, the characteristic shape of the twinned crystals.
Isostructural with:Wöhlerite Group


Colorless to tan masses, occasionally pale red. Crystals have a steep termination.

Classification of Cuspidine

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/C.11-05
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.BE.17

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:56.2.4.3

56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.1.15

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
1 : Silicates with fluoride (not containing Al)
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-1198.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Cuspidine

Type Locality:Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy
Year of Discovery:1876

Physical Properties of Cuspidine

Lustre:Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Waxy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Colorless, tan, light brown, pale red.
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 6
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
{100}, also {-122} poor
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):2.97-2.99 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.98 g/cm3

Crystallography of Cuspidine

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b {P1 1 21/b} {P21/c} {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 10.93Å, b = 10.57Å, c = 7.57Å
β = 110.11°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.034 : 1 : 0.716
Unit Cell Volume:V 821.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.26 (20)
3.06 (100)
2.95 (20)
2.93 (20)
2.90 (30)
2.87 (50)
2.02 (10)
Comments:41-1474

Optical Data of Cuspidine

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.586 - 1.594 nβ = 1.589 - 1.596 nγ = 1.598 - 1.606
2V:Measured: 59° to 71°, Calculated: 58° to 66°
Birefringence:0.012-0.017
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.012

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r > v distinct
Pleochroism:Non-pleochroic

Chemical Properties of Cuspidine

Formula:
Ca
 
4
[(F,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
Essential elements:Ca, F, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Ca, F, H, O, Si
Common Impurities:Mn,Na,K,Cl

Relationship of Cuspidine to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.BE.02Wadsleyite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
9.BE.05Hennomartinite
SrMn
3+
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Lawsonite
CaAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Noelbensonite
BaMn
3+
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Itoigawaite
SrAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BE.07Ilvaite
CaFe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
[O|OH|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.07Manganilvaite
Ca(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
 
[O|OH|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.10Suolunite
Ca
 
2
[H
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BE.12Jaffeite
Ca
 
6
[(OH)
 
6
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.15Fresnoite
Ba
 
2
Ti[O|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Baghdadite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)[O
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Burpalite
Na
 
2
CaZr[F
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)Si
 
2
O
 
7
(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Janhaugite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(Ti,Zr,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
15
(OH,F,O)
 
3
9.BE.17Låvenite
(Na,Ca)
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)(Zr,Ti)[(O,OH,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Niocalite
(Ca,Nb)
 
4
[(O,OH,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Normandite
NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)[(O,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Wöhlerite
NaCa
 
2
(Zr,Nb)[(O,OH,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite I
(Na
 
3
Ca)Ca
 
8
Zr
 
2
(M
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
3
F
 
5
9.BE.17Marianoite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
(Nb,Zr)
 
2
[(O,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.20Mosandrite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
(Ce,La,Nd)Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
OF
 
3
9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
Ca
 
3
(Ce,La,Nd)Nb[F
 
3
|O|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
]
9.BE.22Götzenite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
5
Ti[F
 
4
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
]
9.BE.22Hainite
Na
 
4
Ca
 
8
(Ti,Zr,Mn)
 
3
[F
 
4
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
]
 
2
9.BE.22Rosenbuschite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)[O|F|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.22Kochite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Ca)ZrTi[(F,O)
 
4
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
]
9.BE.23Dovyrenite
Ca
 
6
Zr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
9.BE.25Barytolamprophyllite
(Ba,Na)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
[O|(OH,F)|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.25Ericssonite
BaMn
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
[O|OH|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.25Lamprophyllite
(Sr,K,Ba)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
[O|(O,OH,F)|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.25Orthoericssonite
BaMn
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
[O|OH|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.25Seidozerite
Na
 
8
Zr
 
3
Ti
 
3
Mn
2+
2
[O|F|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
4
9.BE.25Nabalamprophyllite
Na
 
3
(Ba,Na)
 
2
Ti
 
3
[O|(OH,F)|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.25Grenmarite
(Zr,Mn)
 
2
(Zr,Ti)(Mn,Na)(Na,Ca)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(O,F)
 
4
9.BE.27Murmanite
Na
 
2
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
9
·nH
 
2
O
9.BE.30Epistolite
Na
 
2
(Nb,Ti)
 
2
[O
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · nH
 
2
O
9.BE.32Lomonosovite
Na
 
5
Ti
 
2
[O
 
2
|PO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.35Vuonnemite
Na
 
11
Ti
4+
 
Nb
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
3
(F,OH)
9.BE.37Sobolevite
Na
 
12
Ca(NaCaMn)Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
3
F
 
3
9.BE.40Innelite
Na
 
2
(Ba,K)
 
4
(Mg,Ca,Fe)Ti
 
3
Si
 
4
O
 
18
(OH,F)
 
1.5
SO
 
4
9.BE.40Phosphoinnelite
Ba
 
4
Na
 
3
Ti
 
3
[(O,F)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
|Si
 
4
O
 
14
]
9.BE.42Yoshimuraite
Ba
 
2
Mn
 
2
TiOSi
 
2
O
 
7
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
9.BE.45Quadruphite
Na
 
14
Ca
 
2
Ti
 
4
[O
 
2
|F|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.47Polyphite
Na
 
5
(Na
 
4
Ca
 
2
)Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
2
F
 
2
9.BE.50Bornemanite
Na
 
6
[]BaTi
 
2
Nb(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)O
 
2
(OH)F
9.BE.50Shkatulkaite
Na
 
10
Mn
2+
 
Ti
 
3
Nb
 
3
[(OH)
 
2
|F|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
6
] · 12H
 
2
O
9.BE.55Bafertisite
Ba(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti[O|(O,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.55Hejtmanite
Ba(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti[O|(OH,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.55Bykovaite
BaNa(Na,Ti)
 
4
[(OH,F)
 
2
|(Ti,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
14
(O,OH)
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
9.BE.55Nechelyustovite
(Ba,Na)
 
2
{(Na,Ti,Mn)
 
4
[(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
Si
 
4
O
 
14
](OH,O,F)
 
2
} · 3H
 
2
O
9.BE.60Delindeite
(Na,K)
 
2.7
(Ba,Ca)
 
4
(Ti,Fe,Al)
 
6
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH)
 
14
9.BE.65Bussenite
Na
 
2
Ba
 
2
FeTiSi
 
2
O
 
7
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
3
F
9.BE.67Jinshajiangite
BaNaTi
 
2
 Fe
2+
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
9.BE.67Perraultite
BaNaTi
 
2
 Mn
2+
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
9.BE.67Surkhobite
(Ba,K)
 
2
CaNaMn
 
8
Ti
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
4
(F,OH,O)
 
6
9.BE.70Karnasurtite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si,P)
 
2
O
 
7
(OH)
 
4
·3H
 
2
O
9.BE.70Perrierite-(Ce)
Ce
 
4
MgFe
3+
2
Ti
4+
2
O
 
8
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
9.BE.70Strontiochevkinite
(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)
 
4
Fe
3+
 
(Ti,Zr)
 
2
Ti
 
2
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Chevkinite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Ca,Th)
 
4
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(Fe
2+
 
,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Polyakovite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca)
 
4
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Cr
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Rengeite
Sr
 
4
ZrTi
 
4
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Matsubaraite
Sr
 
4
Ti
 
5
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Dingdaohengite-(Ce)
Ce
 
4
Fe
2+
 
(Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
Ti
 
2
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Maoniupingite-(Ce)
(REE,Ca)
 
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti,Fe
2+
 
,[])(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Nb)
 
4
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Perrierite-(La)
(La,Ce, Ca)
 
4
(Fe,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)(Ti,Fe)
 
4
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70UKI-2008-(SiO:SrTiZr)
Sr
 
4
ZrTi
 
4
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.72Fersmanite
(Ca,Na)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
11
(F,OH)
 
2
9.BE.75Belkovite
Ba
 
3
(Nb,Ti)
 
6
[O
 
6
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.77Nasonite
Pb
 
6
Ca
 
4
[Cl
 
2
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
3
]
9.BE.80Kentrolite
Pb
 
2
Mn
3+
2
[O
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.80Melanotekite
Pb
 
2
Fe
3+
2
[O
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.82Tilleyite
Ca
 
5
[(CO
 
3
)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.85Killalaite
Ca
 
3
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · 0.5H
 
2
O
9.BE.87Stavelotite-(La)
(La,Nd,Ca)
 
3
Mn
2+
3
Cu(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Mn
4+
 
)
 
26
[O
 
5
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
6
9.BE.90Biraite-(Ce)
Ce
 
2
Fe
2+
 
[CO
 
3
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.92Cervandonite-(Ce)
(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ti,Al)
 
3
O
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(As
3+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)
9.BE.95Batisivite
V
 
8
Ti
 
6
[Ba(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
22
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
17.1.1Hectorite
Na
 
0.3
(Mg,Li)
 
3
Si
 
4
O
 
10
(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.3Agrellite
NaCa
 
2
[F|Si
 
4
O
 
10
]
17.1.4Apophyllite-(NaF)
NaCa
 
4
[F|Si
 
8
O
 
20
] · 8H
 
2
O
17.1.5Apophyllite-(KF)
KCa
 
4
[(F,OH)|Si
 
8
O
 
20
] · 8H
 
2
O
17.1.6Apophyllite-(KOH)
KCa
 
4
[(OH,F)|Si
 
8
O
 
20
] · 8H
 
2
O
17.1.7Hsianghualite
Ca
 
3
Li
 
2
Be
 
3
[F
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
17.1.8Leucophanite
NaCaBeSi
 
2
O
 
6
F
17.1.9Norbergite
Mg
 
3
[(F,OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
]
17.1.10Chondrodite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
[(F,OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
17.1.11Humite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
[(F,OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
17.1.12Clinohumite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
9
[(F,OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]
17.1.13Canasite
K
 
2
Na
 
4
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
(OH,F)
 
4
17.1.14Charoite
(K,Na)
 
5
(Ca,Ba,Sr)
 
8
(Si
 
6
O
 
15
)
 
2
(Si
 
6
O
 
16
)(OH,F)·H
 
2
O
17.1.16Bultfonteinite
Ca
 
2
[F|HSiO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
17.1.17Zeophyllite
Ca
 
4
Si
 
3
O
 
8
(OH,F)
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
17.1.18Rowlandite-(Y)
(Y,Fe
3+
 
,Ce)
 
3
[O|(F,OH)|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
17.1.19Yuksporite
(K,Ba)NaCa
 
2
(Si,Ti)
 
4
O
 
11
(F,OH)·H
 
2
O
17.1.20Yftisite-(Y)
(Y,Dy,Er)
 
4
(Ti,Sn)O(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(F,OH)
 
6
17.1.21Mosandrite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
(Ce,La,Nd)Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
OF
 
3
17.1.22Hiortdahlite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)Si
 
2
O
 
7
(O,OH,F)
 
2
17.1.23Burpalite
Na
 
2
CaZr[F
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
17.1.24Seidozerite
Na
 
8
Zr
 
3
Ti
 
3
Mn
2+
2
[O|F|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
4
17.1.25Thorosteenstrupine
CaMnThSi
 
4
O
 
11
(OH)F·6H
 
2
O
17.1.26Zircophyllite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Mn,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(Zr,Ti)
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH,F)
 
7
17.1.27Jinshajiangite
BaNaTi
 
2
 Fe
2+
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
17.1.28Rosenbuschite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)[O|F|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
17.1.29Narsarsukite
Na
 
2
(Ti,Fe)Si
 
4
(O,F)
 
11
17.1.30Sonolite
Mn
2+
9
[(OH,F)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]

Other Names for Cuspidine

Other Languages:
Russian:Куспидин

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Franklin: SW = medium yellow to pale violet LW = strong yellow to pale violet
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Cuspidine

Reference List:Dana, E.S. (1892) Dana's system of mineralogy, (6th edition), 533.

Tilley, C.E. (1947) Cuspidine from dolomite contact skarns, Broadford, Skye. Mineralogical Magazine: 28:
90-95.

Van Valkenberg, A. and G.F. Rynders (1958) Synthetic cuspidine. American Mineralogist: 43: 1195-1202.

Saburi, S., A. Kawahara, C. Henmi, I. Kusachi, and K. Kihara (1977) The refinement of the crystal structure of cuspidine. Mineralogical Journal (Japan), 8, 286-298.

Merlino S. & Perchiazzi N.(1988): Modular mineralogy in the cuspidine group of minerals. Canadian Mineralogist: 26: 933-943.

Internet Links for Cuspidine

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Cuspidine details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Cuspidine

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Victoria
    		Aust.Jour. Earth Sci. 46:251 (1999)
    China
     
    • Yunnan Province
      • Honghe Autonomous Prefecture
        • Gejiu Co.
    		Yiming Zhao and Daxin Li (1999): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica [Yanshikuang Wuxue Zazhi] 18(1), 65-73.
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
            • Bellerberg volcano
              • Ettringer Bellerberg Mt. (Bellberg Mt.; Bellenberg Mt.; Billenberg Mt.; Boilenberg Mt.)
    		[Hentschel, G., Seltene Minerale in Calcium-reichen Auswürflingen vom Bellerberg bei Mayen/Eifel, Aufschluß 29, 77-83, 1978] [Lapis, 15 (5), 9-36]
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Iraq
     
    • Qala-Diz (Qala-Dizeh; Qala-Diza)
      • Hero
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Sligo
      • Killala Bay
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, p. 506.
    Israel
     
    • Negev desert
    		Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		[Am Min 43 (1958), 1195; Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23,58]
            • Ercolano
              • San Vito
    		M. Carati: Guida alla mineralogia vesuviana. Bologna, Ed. Calderini (1982)
    • Latium
      • Rome Province
    		Federico, M., Peccerillo, A., (2002): Mineral chemistry and petrogenesis of granular ejecta from the Alban Hills volcano, Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol 74, 223-252
    De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol
      • Viterbo Province
        • Onano
    		M.E. Ciriotti (2005) Probed
    Lapis 28(12), 19-28 (2003)
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
    Liotti L., 1991. I minerali dei vulcani laziali a Pitigliano (Grosseto). Riv. Mineral. Ital., 15 (3): 121-139.
    • Umbria
      • Terni Province
        • Marsciano
          • San Venanzo
    		Stoppa, F., Sharygin, V.V., and Cundari, A. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 61, 27-45.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Takahashi
            • Bitchu-cho (Bicchu-cho)
    		Mineralogical Record: 27: 303.; Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences Vol. 99 (2004) , No. 2 April 67-71
    Matsueda, H. (1983) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 6, #3, 259-292.
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Mineralogical Record: 22: 421.
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Skien
    		Jamtveit B., Dahlgren S. and Austrheim H., (1997): "High-grade contact metamorphism of calcareous rocks from the Oslo Rift, Southern Norway".
    Poland
     
    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
      • Upper Silesian Coal Basin
        • Katowice area
          • Siemianowice Śląskie
    		Kruszewski L. 2006: Oldhamite-periclase-portlandite-fluorite assemblage and coexisting minerals of burnt dump in Siemianowice Śląskie - Dąbrówka Wielka area (Upper Silesia, Poland) - preliminary report. Mineralogia Polonica Special Papers, vol.28, 118-120
    Russia
     
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
        • Baksan Valley
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1361–1370, 2009
    A. E. Zadov data
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
    Tanzania
     
    • Arusha Region
    		Mitchell, R.H. and Belton, F. (2004) Niocalite-cuspidine solid solution and manganoan monticellite from natrocarbonatite, Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. Mineralogical Magazine: 68: 787-799.
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Argyllshire)
        • Ardnamurchan
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1965 34 : 1-15.
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Muck
    		Tilley, C.E. (1947) The gabbro-limestone contact zone of Camas Mor, Muck, Inverness-shire. Comptes Rendus de la Société geologique de Finlande, No. 140, 97–105.
        • Isle of Skye
          • Broadford
            • Kilchrist
    		Tilley, C.E. (1947) Cuspidine from dolomite contact skarns, Broadford, Skye. Mineralogical Magazine: 28: 90-95.
    USA
     
    • California
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
          • Crestmore quarries
            • Sky Blue Hill
    • Idaho
      • Custer Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals (1995) 70: 250.
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Palache(1935):102; Dunn(1995):Pt3:409.
    • New York
      • Essex Co.
        • Keene
          • Cascade Mountain
    Mineral and/or Locality
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