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Cyanotrichite

Big Photo

Cap Garonne Mine, Pradet, Var, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
© jm.CLAUDE

Show Cyanotrichite Photos (156)
Formula:
Cu
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
System:OrthorhombicColour:Sky-blue, azure-blue
Lustre:SilkyHardness:1 - 3
Name:From the Greek κνάυος for "blue" and θρίξ for "hair" in allusion to its physical appearance.


A secondary copper mineral found sparsely in the oxidation zones of copper-bearing ore bodies. Closely related to Carbonate-cyanotrichite, from which it is difficult to distinguish (qualitative test for carbonate may not be conclusive, if weak positive reaction is obtained). Published X-ray powder diffraction data of both species are unreliable.
The nomenclature situation is also complicated because the crystal structures of neither mineral is presently known.

See also Unnamed (Cyanotrichite-related mineral).
Visually similar to Khaidarkanite.

Classification of Cyanotrichite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/D.08-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.DE.10

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations; unclassified
Dana 8th edition ID:31.2.1.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
2 : (AB)6(XO4)Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.2.20

25 : Sulphates
2 : Sulphates of Cu and Ag
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Type Occurrence of Cyanotrichite

Type Locality:Moldova Nouă (Neumoldowa), Moldova Nouă-Sasca Cu-Mo ore field, Banat Mts, Caras-Severin Co., Romania
Year of Discovery:1839

Physical Properties of Cyanotrichite

Lustre:Silky
Colour:Sky-blue, azure-blue
Streak:Light blue
Hardness (Mohs):1 - 3
Density (measured):2.76 g/cm3
Comment:A range from 2.737 (Morenci material) to 2.95 (Cap Garonne ?) exists in the literature.

Crystallography of Cyanotrichite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:a = 10.16Å, b = 12.61Å, c = 2.9Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.806 : 1 : 0.23
Unit Cell Volume:V 371.54 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Occurs as velvet-, wool- or cotton-like aggregates and coatings comprised of minute acicular crystals; also radial-fibrous or tufted.

Optical Data of Cyanotrichite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.588 nβ = 1.617 nγ = 1.655
2V:Measured: 82° , Calculated: 86°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.067

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:relatively strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = ┴ laths = Nearly colourless
Y = Light blue
Z = elongation = Bright blue

Chemical Properties of Cyanotrichite

Formula:
Cu
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, Cu, H, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Al, Cu, H, O, S

Relationship of Cyanotrichite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.DE.05Mangazeite
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
4
|SO
 
4
] · 3H
 
2
O
7.DE.10Carbonatecyanotrichite
Cu
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|(CO
 
3
,SO
 
4
)] · 2H
 
2
O
7.DE.10UKI-1975-(SO:AlCu)
Cu, Al, SO4, H2O
7.DE.15Schwertmannite
Fe
3+
16
O
 
16
(OH,SO
 
4
)
 
12-13
 · 10-12H
 
2
O
7.DE.20Tlalocite
Cu
 
10
Zn
 
6
(TeO
 
3
)(TeO
 
4
)
 
2
Cl(OH)
 
25
·27H
 
2
O
7.DE.25Utahite
Cu
 
5
Zn
 
3
[(OH)
 
2
|TeO
 
4
]
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.DE.35Coquandite
Sb
 
6
[O
 
8
|SO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
7.DE.40Osakaite
Zn
 
4
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
 ·5H
 
2
O
7.DE.45Wilcoxite
MgAl[F|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 18H
 
2
O
7.DE.50Stanleyite
(V
4+
 
O)[SO
 
4
] · 6H
 
2
O
7.DE.55Mcalpineite
Cu
 
3
[TeO
 
6
] · H
 
2
O
7.DE.60Hydrobasaluminite
Al
 
4
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · 12-36H
 
2
O
7.DE.65Zaherite
Al
 
12
[(OH)
 
26
|(SO
 
4
)
 
5
] · 20H
 
2
O
7.DE.70Lautenthalite
PbCu
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
7.DE.75Camerolaite
Cu
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
10
|CO
 
3
|(HSbO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)] · 2H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.2.1Chalcocyanite
CuSO
 
4
25.2.2Bonattite
CuSO
 
4
·3H
 
2
O
25.2.3Chalcanthite
CuSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
25.2.4Boothite
CuSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
25.2.5Dolerophanite
Cu
 
2
[O|SO
 
4
]
25.2.6Antlerite
Cu
 
3
[(OH)
 
4
|SO
 
4
]
25.2.7Brochantite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
]
25.2.8Posnjakite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
25.2.9Langite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
25.2.10Wroewolfeite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
25.2.11Kröhnkite
Na
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·2H
 
2
O
25.2.12Natrochalcite
NaCu
 
2
[OH|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 2H
 
2
O
25.2.13Piypite
K
 
2
Cu
 
2
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
]
25.2.14Fedotovite
K
 
2
Cu
 
3
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
25.2.15Cyanochroite
K
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·6H
 
2
O
25.2.16Euchlorine
KNaCu
 
3
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
25.2.17Devilline
CaCu
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
25.2.18Leightonite
K
 
2
Ca
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
25.2.19Chalcoalumite
CuAl
 
4
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 3H
 
2
O
25.2.21Woodwardite
Cu
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 2-4H
 
2
O
25.2.22Campigliaite
Mn
2+
 
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
25.2.23Guildite
CuFe
3+
 
[OH|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
25.2.24Ransomite
CuFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
25.2.26Klyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
25.2.27Poitevinite
(Cu,Fe,Zn)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
25.2.28Argentojarosite
AgFe
3+
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2

Other Names for Cyanotrichite

Synonyms:
KyanotrichiteLettsomiteNamaqualiteVelvet CopperVelvet Copper Ore
Other Languages:
Catalan:Cianotriquita
Dutch:Cyanotrichiet
French:Chivre Velouté
Cuivre Velouté
German:Cyanotrichit
Kupfersammeterz
Kupfersamterz
Kyanotrichit
Lettsomit
Namaqualit
Sammeterz
Spanish:Cianotriquita
Cyanotrichita
Kyanotrichita
Lettsomita
Namaqualita

Other Information

Other Information:Soluble in acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Cyanotrichite

Reference List:Werner (1808): 62 (as Kupfersammeterz and Kupfersamterz).

Jameson, R. (1816) A System of Mineralogy. second edition, 3 volumes: 3: 153 (as Velvet Copper Ore).

Breithaupt, A. (1823) Vollständige Characteristik etc. 1st. ed.: 168 (as Sammeterz).

Breithaupt, A. (1832) Vollständige Characteristik etc. 2nd. Ed.: 320 (as Sammeterz).

Glocker, E.F. (1839) Handbuch der Mineralogie, 2nd. edition, Nürnberg: 587 (as Cyanotrichit).

Percy (1850) Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 36: 100 (as Lettsomite).

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 578-579.


Acta Univ. Carol., Prague, Geol. (1965): 149-155.

Gröbner, J. (1997): Mineralien der Cyanotrichit-Gruppe aus Fundorten in Österreich. - Mineralien-Welt 8 (3), 27-30.(in German)

Internet Links for Cyanotrichite

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    Localities for Cyanotrichite

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    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Catamarca
      • Andalgalá
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		Birch BH Book
    • Queensland
      • Mt Isa - Cloncurry area
        • Gunpowder District
    		Day, B. E. & Beyer, B. D. (1996): Some mines of the Mt Isa district. Part 3 - The Mt Oxide mine. Australian J. of Mineralogy 2 (1), 3-10.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Goldberg group
          • Große Fleiß valley
    		G. Niedermayr, F. Brandstätter: Carinthia II 188./108.:242-243 (1998)
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Mittersill
          • Mühlbach im Pinzgau
    		Collection of NHM, Vienna
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
            • Alteck Mt. - Hoher Sonnblick Mt. area
              • Hoher Sonnblick Mt.
    		Schnorrer, G. & Bacher, F. (2000): Die Mineralien von der Sonnblick- Nordwand, Rauris, Salzburg / Österreich - insbesondere der erste Khaidarkanit- Fund in Österreich. Mineralien-Welt, 11 (5), 52-57.
            • Grieswies - Krumlkeeskopf Mt. area
              • Grieswies
    		Niedermayr, G. et al. (2008): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVII. Carinthia II, 198./118., 223-274.
        • Untersulzbach valley
    		Lewandowski, K., Lerch, H. & Seemann, R. (2006): Chronik - Schaubergwerk Hochfeld "Bergbau im Untersulzbachtal – Eine fast vergessene Welt" Die 500-jährige Geschichte des Kupferbergbaus am Hochfeld im Untersulzbachtal. Zukunftskollegium Nationalpark Hohe Tauern, Neukirchen a. G., 288 pp.
          • Knappenwand area
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Lungau
        • Murwinkel
          • Schellgaden
            • Gold mines
    		Auer, Ch. (2005)
      • St Johann im Pongau
        • Ginau
          • Grub
    		Meixner, H. (1976): New mineral finds from Austria. XXVI. Carinthia 2, 86, 11-42; A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    • Styria
      • Knittelfeld
        • Kleinfeistritz
    		J. Gröbner: Weitere Funde von Cyanotrichit in Österreich. MINERALIEN-WELT 16 (3/2005), 60-62.
      • Liesing - Palten valley
        • Rottenmann
          • Bärndorf
    		J. Gröbner: Weitere Funde von Cyanotrichit in Österreich. MINERALIEN-WELT 16 (3/2005), 60-62.
      • Mitterdorf
        • Veitsch
    		Blass, G. & Graf, H.-W. (2001)
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Virgen valley
          • Prägraten
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Beauce Co.
        • St-Fabien-de-Panet
    		Sabina (1992) GSC Misc. Report 46, 62
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Chañaral Province
        • Inca de Oro
          • San Pedro de Cachiyuyo District
    		M.Dini collection
        • Potrerillos
    		No reference listed
      • Copiapó Province
        • Zapallar district
          • Los Azules area
    		A.Molina & M. Dini collections
    maurizio dini - analysed by EDX & PDF (by dr. Jochen Scluter)
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald)
          • Krásno
    		Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z., Gabašová, A., Skoda, R. & Beran, P. (2006): Supergene minerals at the Huber stock and Schnöd stock deposits, Krásno ore District, the Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 57-101.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Katanga Copper Crescent
        • Central area
          • Shinkolobwe
    		Mineralogical Record: 20: 287-288.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Sainte-Sigolène
          • Saint-Pal-de-Mons
    		Queneau Patrice collection
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Puy-Guillaume
          • Lachaux
    		P.-C. Guiollard (2002), L'uranium du Morvan et du Forez, Ed. P.-C. Guiollard, Fichous(64), 95 pp.
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Carcassonne
          • Mas-Cabardès
            • Salsigne
        • Narbonne
          • Tuchan
            • Padern
    		http://www.zampano.com/minmax/fundort.php3?lang=US&fp=1975&foid=1549]
      • Gard
        • Alzon
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
        • Mercoirol
    		Favreau G., Pecorini R. (1999), Mas Dieu - Mercoirol - Extension Sud (Gard, France), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp: 3-43
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Oms
    		Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 2007, 95, 3-24.
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Nantiat
          • Vaulry
    		Queneau Patrice collection
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Aveyron
        • Monteils
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
        • Villefranche-de-Rouergue
    		C. Gineste and Patrice Queneau
      • Tarn-et-Garonne
    		Self - collected by : Jean Marie LAURENT
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Var
        • Pradet
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 579; UKJMM 2:11-15 "Cap Gronne Secondary Copper and Lead - W.R. van den Berg".
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Calw
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992; Kolitsch, U. & Götzinger, M. (2000): Einige Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald: Eulytin, Namibit, Volborthit, Gearksutit, Spertiniit, Monazit- (La), Protasit, Sainfeldit, Cyanotrichit und Vauquelinit. - Erzgräber 14, 33-47 (in German); U. Kolitsch, G. Blaß, H.-W. Graf und J. Gröbner (2004): Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald. Lapis 29 (2) 18-23; 50. (in German); KRINGS, G. & I. (2000): Cyanotrichit: Erstfund für die Grube Clara. Lapis 25 (12), 43.
    • Hesse
      • North Hesse
        • Richelsdorf District
          • Süss
            • Richelsdorf Smelter
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Oberschulenberg
    		Schellhorn, M., (1989): Neufunde von den Halden der Grube Glücksrad bei Oberschulenberg/Harz, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 40(2), 121-123
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Marsberg
    		Lapis, 16 (12), 13-21+58.
        • Sundern
          • Bönkhausen
    		Lapis, 14 (2), 22-27+33+42.
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Annaberg-Buchholz
          • Königswalde
    		J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2006): Neufunde aus dem Erzgebirge (II). Mineralien-Welt 17 (3), 22-27.
    Greece
     
    No reference listed
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
            • Kamariza Mines
    		No reference listed
    J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2002): Neufunde von Laurion aus den Jahren 2001 und 2002. Aufschluss 53 (5-6), 363-371.
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
          • Sounion Area
            • Agia Varvara Mines (St Barbara Mines)
    		No reference listed
    Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian, Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Montjovet
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Sestri Levante
    		Palenzona, A. & Borgo, E. (1991): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Aggiornamento 1990. Sagep, Ed., Genova
    • Lombardy
      • Varese Province
        • Boarezzo
    		Orlandi, P., & Campostrini, I., 2006. Boarezzo. I minerali della ricerca mineraria "Pradisci". Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30 (1), 14-24.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Canavese District
          • Chiusella Valley
            • Traversella
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 579; Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, (10), 1-54.
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Vercelli Province
        • Sesia Valley
    		Luigi Chiappino data
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
        • Massa Marittima
    		Bazzoni, C., Betti, C., & Capperi, M. (2007). Valle dello Stregaio e Monte Gai, Massa Marittima, Grosseto. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (2), 92-102.
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
    		http://www.comune.pisa.it/apsn/Articoli/Scorie/Capattoli.htm
        • Elba Island
          • Capoliveri
            • Cape Calamita Mine (Calamita Mine)
        • Piombino
    		Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Niigata Prefecture
          • Mikawa-mura
    		Kikukawa, M., Kojiro, T. & Yamada, T. (1999): Carbonate-cyanotrichite and cyanotrichite from Mikawa mine, Niigata Prefecture. Chigaku Kenkyu 47, 241-244. (in Japanese)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Akita Prefecture
    		Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    Kazakhstan
     
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 579.
    • Pribalkashye
    		Chukhrov (1945) Comptes rendus de l’académie des sciences de l’U.R.S.S., n.s.: 45: 370; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 593.
    • Zhezqazghan Oblysy (Dzezkazgan Oblast'; Dzhezkazgan Oblast'; Djezkazgan Oblast'; Jezkazgan Oblast')
      • Balqash (Balkhash; Karatas; Prebalkhashie) Region
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 579.
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
          • Bou Azzer District
            • Khder
    		Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Kaczawskie Mts
        • Radzimowice
          • Stara Góra
    		1. R. Siuda, 2001 : New sulphate minerals from the Stara Góra oxidised zone, Radzimowice, Kaczawskie Mts., Mineralogical Society of Poland, Special Papers, vol 18, 186-188
    Portugal
     
    • Beja District
      • Barrancos
    Romania
     
    • Caras-Severin Co.
      • Banat Mts
        • Moldova Nouă-Sasca Cu-Mo ore field
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 579; Lapis 11 (1993), 7.
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Nizhnii Tagil
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 579.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Ľubietová (Libetbánya; Libethen) ore belt
    		Koděra, M., a kol.: Topografická mineralogie Slovenska. Sv. 2 Ko-Seč, Bratislava, Veda 1990, s. 731-738.
    Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Namaqualand
    		Min Rec 35:4 pp289-317
          • Springbok
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 579.
    Spain
     
    • Catalonia
      • Barcelona
        • Vallès Occidental
          • Sant Cugat del Vallès-El Papiol
    		Mineralogistes de Catalunya, 1994. VI(2/3): 34-77
    Switzerland
     
    • Glarus
      • Murg Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 127+155.
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Bregaglia Valley (Bergell)
        • Forno Valley
          • Mt Forno
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 128.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Saint-Luc
    		Dreier, F. (2000): Die Mine des Moulins im Val d'Anniviers (VS), Schweiz. Lapis 25 (7-8), 67-73; 86. (in German)
      • Binn Valley
        • Kriegalp Valley (Chriegalp Valley)
    		Kolitsch, U. (1998): Neue Mineralfunde vom Wannigletscher im Binntal, Schweiz. Mineralien-Welt 9 (3), 45-53. (in German)
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 127.
      • Nendaz Valley
        • Siviez
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 127.
      • Riddes
        • Isérables
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 127.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Gunnislake Area
    		BMS Database
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Carn Brea area
            • East Pool and Agar Mine
    		No reference listed
          • Gwennap area
            • St Day United Mines (Poldice Mines)
    		No reference listed
          • Troon-Lanner area
            • Basset Mines
    		No reference listed
            • Lanner
        • Liskeard District
          • Caradon & Phoenix Area (South-Eastern Bodmin Moor)
            • Linkinhorne
    		No reference listed
        • Mount's Bay District
          • St Hilary
    		No reference listed
    Collection Richard De Nul
    No reference listed
        • St Austell District
          • Lanivet Area
            • Lanivet
    		BMS Database
        • St Just District
          • Botallack - Pendeen Area
            • Botallack
              • Botallack Mine
    		No reference listed
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Potts Gill
    		No reference listed
      • Devon
        • Tavistock District
          • Tavistock Hamlets
    		No reference listed
      • Staffordshire
        • Ecton
    		BMS Database
    • Scotland
      • Strathclyde (Lanarkshire)
        • South Lanarkshire
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 579.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Dragoon Mts
          • Turquoise District (Courtland-Gleeson District)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 198, 376.
        • Mule Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 198.
    No reference listed
      • Coconino Co.
        • Grandview District
          • Grand Canyon National Park
            • Horseshoe Mesa
              • Cape Royal
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 146, 198; Leicht, W.C. (1971), Minerals of the Grandview mine, Min.Rec.: 2: 214-221; Rogers, A.F. (1922), The optical properties and morphology of bisbeeite, Am.Min.: 7: 153-154; Gordon, S.G. (1923), Recently described 'bisbeeite' from the Grand Canyon is cyanotrichite, Am.Min.: 8: 92-93; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 65.
      • Greenlee Co.
        • Shannon Mts
          • Copper Mountain District (Clifton-Morenci District)
            • Morenci
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 198; Genth, F.A. (1890), Contributions to Mineralogy, Amer. Jour. Sci,. 40: 114.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 198.
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Black Hills (Black Hill Range)
          • Verde District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 115, 198.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 147.
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
    		Dana 6:1089.
        • Lamartine District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Dorchester District
          • Taylor Park
            • Italian Mountain
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Idaho
      • Lemhi Co.
        • Junction District (Little Eightmile District)
    		Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Table Mountain District
          • Cottonwood Canyon
            • Bolivia
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Weepah District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Lynn District
          • Elko
    		MinRecord 26:467
        • Maggie Creek District
    		MinRec 26(5):449-469.
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Iron Point District
          • Valmy
    		Dr. William S. Wise presentation to Northwest Micro Mineral Study Group on 1 May 2004, Update on Mineralogy of the Silver Coin Mine, Iron Point District, Edna Mountains, Humboldt Co., Nevada
      • Lyon Co.
        • Yerington District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
          • Yerington
    		Pullman, Steven, and Thomssen, Richard, "Nevada Mineral Locality Index" Rocks & Minerals, Vol. 74 No. 6. pg. 375
      • Nye Co.
        • Ellsworth (Mammoth) District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Antelope District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 579.
      • Washoe Co.
        • Peavine District
          • Copperfield area
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Pyramid District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Red Cloud District
          • Gallinas Mts
    		R&M 71:1 p66-68
      • Socorro Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. ed., 1996
          • Bingham
    		M Massis collection
    Min News 21:8 p 8
    [MinRecord 30:337]
    [MinRec 20:24]
    Min Rec 20:1 pp13-24
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • Tintic District
    		Dana 6:1092; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 579.
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    Mineral and/or Locality
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