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Allanite-(Y)

Big Photo

Eas a Bradain, Luib, Isle of Skye, North West Highlands (Inverness-shire), Scotland, UK
© Steve Rust

Show Allanite-(Y) Photos (6)
Formula:
{CaY}{Al
 
2
Fe
2+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
System:MonoclinicColour:Black
Hardness:5½ - 6½
Isostructural with:Epidote Group


Black usually massive mineral. Resinous when fresh, but frequently dulled by hydrothermal alteration or weathering.

Classification of Allanite-(Y)

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/C.23-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.BG.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:58.2.1a.3

58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.13.4

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
13 : Aluminosilicates of the rare earths
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Physical Properties of Allanite-(Y)

Lustre:Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Comment:May be dull due to alteration
Colour:Black
Streak:Light gray
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6½
Comment:May be softer due to alteration
Tenacity:Very brittle
Cleavage:Imperfect/Fair
{001} imperfect, {100} and {110} both poor
Fracture:Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.5 - 4.2 g/cm3
Comment:Variable due to alteration

Crystallography of Allanite-(Y)

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Morphology:Usually massive, rarely found in euhedral crystals. Tabular to prismatic crystals typical of allanite sub-group, rarely as rod-like crystals in sprays.
Comment:Unit cell dimensions unavailable, but should be near allanite-(Ce)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
Comments:d-values should be similar to allanite sub-group. Unit cell has typical epidote pseudocell (2a, b, 2c)

Optical Data of Allanite-(Y)

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.715 - 1.791 nβ = 1.718 - 1.815 nγ = 1.733 - 1.822
2V:Measured: 40° to 80°, Calculated: 50° to 56°
Birefringence:0.02
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.018 - 0.031

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:distinct to strong
Optical Extinction:Y=b, OAP || (010)

Chemical Properties of Allanite-(Y)

Formula:
{CaY}{Al
 
2
Fe
2+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
Essential elements:Al, Ca, Fe, H, O, Si, Y
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ca, Fe, H, O, Si, Y

Relationship of Allanite-(Y) to other Species

Related to:
  • Epidote Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

    - +
    9.BG.05Allanite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Allanite-(La)
    {CaLa}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Clinozoisite
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    3
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Dissakisite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{Al
     
    2
    		Mg}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Dollaseite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{MgAlMg}[F|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Epidote
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Epidote-(Pb)
    {CaPb}{Al
     
    3
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Khristovite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{MgAlMn
    2+
     
    		}[F|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Mukhinite
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    2
    		V
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Piemontite
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    2
    		Mn
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Piemontite-(Sr)
    {CaSr}{Al
     
    2
    		Mn
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Manganiandrosite-(La)
    {LaMn
    2+
     
    		}{Mn
    3+
     
    		AlMn
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Tawmawite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Cr)
     
    3
    		[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Manganipiemontite-(Sr)
    {CaSr}{Mn
    3+
     
    		AlMn
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Ferriallanite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{Fe
    3+
     
    		AlFe
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Clinozoisite-(Sr)
    CaSrAl
     
    3
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)(SiO
     
    4
    		)O(OH)
    9.BG.05Ferriepidote
    9.BG.05Manganiandrosite-(Ce)
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Ca)(Ce,REE)Mn
    3+
     
    		AlMn
    2+
     
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)(SiO
     
    4
    		)O(OH)
    9.BG.05Dissakisite-(La)
    {CaLa}{Al
     
    2
    		Mg}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Vanadoandrosite-(Ce)
    {Mn
    2+
     
    		Ce}{V
    3+
     
    		AlMn
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Androsite-(La)
    9.BG.05Uedaite-(Ce)
    Mn
    2+
     
    		CeAl
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.05Epidote-(Sr)
    CaSrAl
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)(SiO
     
    4
    		)O(OH)
    9.BG.10Zoisite
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    3
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.15Macfallite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mn
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.15Sursassite
    Mn
     
    2
    		Al
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe2+)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Okhotskite
    Ca
     
    8
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    4
    		(Mn
    3+
     
    		,Al,Fe)
     
    8
    		Si
     
    12
    		O
     
    56-n
    		(OH)
     
    n
    9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)
    Ca
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe3+)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Mg)
    Ca
     
    2
    		MgAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)(Al,Mn
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Shuiskite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mg,Al)(Cr,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe3+)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mg)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Al)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Al,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)Al
     
    2
    		[(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Poppiite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(V
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mg)(V
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Mg)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BG.25Ganomalite
    Pb
     
    9
    		Ca
     
    5
    		Mn[O|SiO
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.BG.30Rustumite
    Ca
     
    10
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(SiO
     
    4
    		)Cl
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    9.BG.35Vesuvianite
    Ca
     
    10
    		(Mg,Fe)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    4
    		Si
     
    9
    		O
     
    34
    		(OH)
     
    4
    9.BG.35Wiluite
    Ca
     
    19
    		(Al,Mg,Fe,Ti)
     
    13
    		(B,Al,[ ])
     
    5
    		Si
     
    18
    		O
     
    68
    		(O,OH)
     
    10
    9.BG.35Manganvesuvianite
    Ca
     
    19
    		Mn(Al,Mn,Fe)
     
    19
    		(Mg,Mn)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    18
    		O
     
    69
    		(OH)
     
    9
    9.BG.35Fluorvesuvianite
    Ca
     
    19
    		(Al,Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    13
    		[(F,OH,O)
     
    10
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    10
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.BG.40Vyuntspakhkite-(Y)
    Y
     
    4
    		Al
     
    3
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    18
    		(OH)
     
    5
    9.BG.45Dellaite
    Ca
     
    6
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)(SiO
     
    4
    		)(OH)
     
    2
    9.BG.50Gatelite-(Ce)
    CaCe
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		(Al,Mg)(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Al)[(O,F)|(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BG.55Västmanlandite-(Ce)
    Ca(Ce,La)
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		Mg
     
    2
    		 [F|(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

    - +
    16.13.1Vyuntspakhkite-(Y)
    Y
     
    4
    		Al
     
    3
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    18
    		(OH)
     
    5
    16.13.2Törnebohmite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La)
     
    2
    		Al(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		OH
    16.13.3Törnebohmite-(La)
    (La,Ce)
     
    2
    		Al(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		OH
    16.13.5Allanite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    16.13.6Dollaseite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{MgAlMg}[F|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    16.13.8Dissakisite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{Al
     
    2
    		Mg}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]

    Other Names for Allanite-(Y)

    Synonyms:
    Yttro-orthite
    Other Languages:
    German:Yttro-orthit
    Russian:Ортит-(Y)

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Allanite-(Y)

    Reference List:Frondel, J.W. (1964), Variation in some rare earths in allanite: American Mineralogist: 49: 1159-1177.

    Dollase, W.A. (1971), Refinement of the crystal structures of epidote, allanite and hancockite: American Mineralogist: 56: 447-464.

    Ercit, T.S. (2002): The mess that is “allanite”. Canadian Mineralogist, 40, 1411-1419.

    Internet Links for Allanite-(Y)

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Allanite-(Y) in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
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    Localities for Allanite-(Y)

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Hastings Co.
        • Bancroft District
          • Dungannon Township
    		[Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
      • Nipissing District
        • Murchison Township
          • Madawaska
    		Dana's New Mineralogy
    • Québec
      • Rouyn-Noranda
    		Galley, A.G., Jonasson, I.R., and Watkinson, D.H. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 619-637.
    Germany
     
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Marienberg District
    		C. Kersten (1845): Ueber das Vorkommen von Yttererde- und Ceroxydul-Silikaten im sächsischen Erzgebirge.- Poggendorffs Annalen der Physik und Chemie 63, 135-141 (confirmed by SEM-EDX analysis 1999, T. Witzke)
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Varese Province
        • Ceresio Valley
    		No reference listed
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Baveno
          • Oltrefiume
            • Mount Camoscio
    		American Mineralogist, 84(5-6), 782-789
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
          • Kawamata
            • Iizaka (Iisaka) Village
    		Yamada et al (2004) Koubutsu-Gakkai Kouen-Youshi, 123.
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Modum
        • Snarum
    		G. Raade (pers. comm. to U. Kolitsch, May 2009)
    • Nordland
      • Tysfjord
    		Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28.
    • Telemark
      • Kragerø
    		Green, J.C.(1956):"Geology of the Storkollen-Blankenberg area, Kragerø, Norway". Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 36, 89-140
    Bjørlykke, H.(1937): Mineral parageneses of some granite pegmatites near Kragerø, Southern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 17,1-16.
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Northern Karelia
          • Chupa pegmatite field
            • Chupa Bay
    		E.I. Semenov data
    Spain
     
    • Madrid
    		Garcia G., Gonzalez C., Bueno A. (2004) - Cadalso de los Vidrios (Madrid), Bocamina, n° 14, pp: 12-46.
    Sweden
     
    • Lappland
      • Jokkmokk
    • Småland
      • Vetlanda
        • Alseda
          • Slättåkra
    		Blomstrand 1878
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Skye
          • Luib
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Mohave Co.
        • Aquarius Mts (Aquarius Range; Peacock Range)
    		www.minresco.com/syst/a.htm
    • Colorado
      • Routt Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • New York
      • Essex Co.
        • Mineville District
          • Moriah Township
    		http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005NE/finalprogram/abstract_83497.htm
    • Texas
      • Llano Co.
        • Bluffton
    Mineral and/or Locality
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