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Diaboleite

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Mammoth-Saint Anthony Mine (Mammoth-St Anthony Mine; Mammoth Mine; St. Anthony Mine), St. Anthony deposit, Tiger, Mammoth District, Pinal Co., Arizona, USA

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Formula:
Pb
 
2
CuCl
 
2
(OH)
 
4
System:TetragonalColour:Blue
Lustre:AdamantineHardness:2½
Name:From Greek διά, "Dia", apart or distinct from, in allusion to its difference from boleite.
This page provides mineralogical data about Diaboleite.

Classification of Diaboleite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:3/D.12-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:3.DB.05

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
B : With Pb, Cu, etc.
Dana 7th edition ID:10.6.1.1
Dana 8th edition ID:10.6.1.1

10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
6 : AmBn(O,OH)pXq
Hey's CIM Ref.:8.8.13

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
8 : Halides of Pb
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Type Occurrence of Diaboleite

Type Locality:Higher Pitts Mine, Priddy, Mendip Hills, Somerset, England, UK
Year of Discovery:1923
Geological Setting of type material:Oxidized iron and manganese ores.
Associated Minerals at type locality:
MendipiteHydrocerussiteChloroxiphiteCerussite

Physical Properties of Diaboleite

Lustre:Adamantine
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Blue
Streak:Blue
Hardness (Mohs):2½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
On {001}, not easy.
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):5.41 - 5.43 g/cm3
Density (calculated):5.48 g/cm3

Crystallography of Diaboleite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Class (H-M):4mm - Ditetragonal Pyramidal
Space Group:P4mm
Cell Parameters:a = 5.86Å, c = 5.49Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.937
Unit Cell Volume:V 188.52 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals tabular {001}, with a square outline. The large base is negative; the positive pedion is lacking or is very small with a somewhat curved surface. Subparallel groups of thin plates.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
5.51 (10)
3.305 (9)
2.283 (10)
2.929 (8)
2.580 (9)
1.755 (9)
1.537 (9)

Optical Data of Diaboleite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 1.980 nε = 1.850
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.130

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High

Chemical Properties of Diaboleite

Formula:
Pb
 
2
CuCl
 
2
(OH)
 
4
Essential elements:Cl, Cu, H, O, Pb
All elements listed in formula:Cl, Cu, H, O, Pb

Relationship of Diaboleite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
3.DB.Rickturnerite
Pb
 
7
O
 
4
[Mg(OH)
 
4
](OH)Cl
 
3
3.DB.10Pseudoboleite
Pb
 
31
Cu
 
24
Cl
 
62
(OH)
 
48
3.DB.15Boleite
KPb
 
26
Ag
 
9
Cu
 
24
(OH)
 
48
Cl
 
62
3.DB.20Cumengeite
Pb
 
21
Cu
 
20
Cl
 
42
(OH)
 
40
 · 6H
 
2
O
3.DB.25Bideauxite
Pb
 
2
AgCl
 
3
(F,OH)
 
2
3.DB.30Chloroxiphite
Pb
 
3
CuO
 
2
Cl
 
2
(OH)
 
2
3.DB.35Hematophanite
Pb
 
4
Fe
 
3
O
 
8
(OH,Cl)
3.DB.40Asisite
Pb
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
4
Cl
 
2
3.DB.40Parkinsonite
(Pb,Mo,◻)
 
8
O
 
8
Cl
 
2
3.DB.45Murdochite
PbCu
 
6
O
 
8-x
(Cl,Br)
 
2x
 where x<=0.5
3.DB.50Yedlinite
Pb
 
6
Cr
3+
 
Cl
 
6
(O,OH,H
 
2
O)
 
8
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
8.8.1Abhurite
Sn
 
21
Cl
 
16
(OH)
 
14
O
 
6
8.8.2Matlockite
PbFCl
8.8.3Laurelite
Pb
 
7
F
 
12
Cl
 
2
8.8.4Cotunnite
PbCl
 
2
8.8.5Mendipite
Pb
 
3
Cl
 
2
O
 
2
8.8.6Damaraite
Pb
 
3
Cl(OH)O
 
2
8.8.7Laurionite
PbCl(OH)
8.8.8Paralaurionite
PbCl(OH)
8.8.9Penfieldite
Pb
 
2
Cl
 
3
(OH)
8.8.10Fiedlerite
Pb
 
3
FCl
 
4
(OH) · H
 
2
O
8.8.11Blixite
Pb
 
2
(O,OH)
 
2
Cl
8.8.12Pseudocotunnite
K
 
2
PbCl
 
4
8.8.14Pseudoboleite
Pb
 
31
Cu
 
24
Cl
 
62
(OH)
 
48
8.8.15Chloroxiphite
Pb
 
3
CuO
 
2
Cl
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.8.17Bideauxite
Pb
 
2
AgCl
 
3
(F,OH)
 
2
8.8.18Boleite
KPb
 
26
Ag
 
9
Cu
 
24
(OH)
 
48
Cl
 
62
8.8.19Aravaipaite
Pb
 
3
F
 
3
[AlF
 
6
] · H
 
2
O
8.8.20Yedlinite
Pb
 
6
Cr
3+
 
Cl
 
6
(O,OH,H
 
2
O)
 
8
8.8.21Kolarite
PbTeCl
 
2
8.8.22Hematophanite
Pb
 
4
Fe
 
3
O
 
8
(OH,Cl)

Other Names for Diaboleite

Other Languages:
German:Diaboleit
Russian:Диаболеит
Spanish:Diaboleita

Other Information

Other Information:Completely soluble in nitric acid.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Diaboleite

Reference List:

- +
Spencer and Mountain (1923) Mineralogical Magazine: 20: 78.

American Mineralogist (1924): 9: 97.

Palache, C. (1941) American Mineralogist: 26: 605.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 82-83.

Rouse, R. C. (1971): The crystal chemistry of diaboleite. Zeitschrift fuer Kristallographie 134, 69-80.

Cooper, M. A. and Hawthorne, F. C. (1995): Diaboleite, Pb2Cu(OH)(4)Cl2, a defect perovskite structure with stereoactive lone-pair behavior of Pb2+. Canadian Mineralogist: 33, 1125-1129.

Internet Links for Diaboleite

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    • Localities for Diaboleite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges (Adelaide Hills)
          • Clarendon
    		Kolitsch, U. and Elliott, P. (1999): Mineralogy of the Mount Malvern Mine near Clarendon, South Australia. Australian J. Mineral. 5, 3-17.
    • Western Australia
      • Ashburton Shire
    		[Mandarino, 1997]; Min. Record 24,203-218(1993)
    Ashburtonite, a new bicarbonate-silicate mineral from Ashburton Downs; J.D. Grice, E.H. Nickel, R.A. Gault; American Mineralogist, Vol 76, 001701-1707, 1991
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
          • Waitschach
    		U. Kolitsch and H. Pristacz (2009): An orthorhombic dimorph of barstowite, Pb4Cl6(CO3)•H2O, from slags at Maria Waitschach, Austria, and Lavrion, Greece. Poster, Joint MinPet 2009 and 4th MSCC, Budapest, Hungary, September 7-11; abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 155, 83.; Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Schreiber, F., Fink, R. & Auer, C. (2013): Die Mineralogie der weltweit einzigartigen Schlacken von Waitschach, Kärnten. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 115, 19-87 (in German).
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • Antofagasta Province
        • Cerro Palestina
          • Estación Cerro Negro
            • Magallanes district
    		Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter (Hamburg University), Germany.
    Peebles F./Ruiz Fuller C.(1988); "Yacimientos Metalíferos de Chile", Fondecyt, Stgo. de Chile.
        • Cuevitas
          • San Cristóbal
    		Sample from the collection of Copiapó School of Mine
        • Sierra Gorda District
          • Caracoles
    		V. Sapienza collection
    V. Sapienza collection
    Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter, Curator of Hamburg Mineralogical Museum, Germany
    M. Dini specimens
    Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter (Hamburg University), Germany.
        • Taltal
    		Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter (Hamburg University), Germany.
    • Atacama Region
      • Copiapó Province
        • Cachiyuyo de Llampos district
    		Robert Jenkins collections; material analysed by Mr. Jenkins
    France
     
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Var
        • Le Pradet
    		http://www.mine-capgaronne.fr/site/Mineraux/ListeMineraux.html
    trouvaille et collection personnelle
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Loire
        • La Pacaudière
          • Le Crozet
    		Chollet, P. & Devouard, B. (2013): La mine de cuivre et de plomb des Rats, Le Crozet (Loire). Le Règne Minéral, 109, 7-46.
    Germany
     
    • Hesse
      • Richelsdorf District
        • Süss
          • Richelsdorf Smelter
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		van den Berg, W. & van Loon, C. (1990): Slag Minerals from the Rammelsberg, Harz Mountains, Germany. UK Journal of Mines & Minerals, 8, 18-23.
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
        • Essen
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Greece
     
    No reference listed
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
    		No reference listed
          • Sounion area
            • Sounion Mines
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
    Rewitzer, C. & Hochleitner, R. (1982): Neue und alte Schlackenmineralien. Lapis 7 (6), 17.; Grolig, H. & Grolig, E. (1978): Lavrion in Attika. Lapis, 3 (5), 16-25; 40 (in German).
          • Passa Limani area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals of the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
          • Sounion area
    		Fritz Schreiber Collection
    Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian, (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
          • Thorikos area
    		Christian Rewitzer collection
          • Vrissaki area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    Iran
     
    • Esfahan Province (Isfahan Province; Aspadana Province)
      • Nain County (Nayin County)
        • Anarak District
    		S. Weiß: Lapis 29(12):38-39 (2004)
    P. Bariand and P. Herpin, Bull. Soc. Franç. Minér. Crist. , 1963, LXXXVI, pp. 133-135.
    • Yazd Province
      • Nayband (Neyband)
    		Encyclopedia of Minerals, 2nd. edition: 224.
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Varenna Valley
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2 (Avril/Juin), 175-188.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
    		http://www.comune.pisa.it/apsn/Articoli/Scorie/Capattoli.htm
    Int. Assoc. of Collectors of Slag Minerals, 10 (2), 4-6.
          • Sassetta
    		Jansen, H. & van den Berg, W. (1998): Slakkenmineralen in Toscane (Italië). Gea, no. 4, 109-117 (in Dutch).
        • Piombino
    		Cerutti, G. and Preite, D. (1995): Mineralien der etruskischen Schlacken von Baratti, Toskana. Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18; 50 (in German).
    Luigi Chiappino data
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    T. Q. Meyer, W. A. van der Westhuizen, G. J. Beukes, H. de Bruiyn and A. E. Schoch (1986) An Occurrence of the Hydrous Lead-Copper-Iron Silicate Creaseyite in South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine 50:346-348
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Agnes District
          • Crantock
    		BMS Newsletter 79, March 2010 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html)
        • Wadebridge District
          • Padstow
            • Gunver Head
    		No reference listed
          • St Minver
            • Trebetherick
    		No reference listed
      • Somerset
        • Cheddar
    		Turner, R.W. and Rumsey, M.S. (2010): Mineral Relationships in the Mendip Hills. Journal of the Russell Society, vol 13, pp 3-46;
        • Cranmore
    		Turner, R.W. and Rumsey, M.S. (2010): Mineral Relationships in the Mendip Hills. Journal of the Russell Society, vol 13, pp 3-46; Turner, R.W., (2006) A Mechanism for the formation of the Mineralised Mn Deposits at Merehead Quarry, Cranmore, Somerset, England. Min. Mag. vol. 70, no. 6, pp 629 - 653
        • Holwell
    		BMS Database
        • Mendip Hills
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 57.
          • Priddy
    		Mineralogical Magazine (1923): 20, 67-92 (the mineral 78-80); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 83; Clark, 1993, "Hey's Mineral Index"] [MinRec 27:253]
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Tombstone Hills
          • Tombstone District
    		Rob Bowell, lab tested
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Christmas area
              • Christmas
    		Raman analyzed at the University of Arizona.
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Big Horn Mts
          • Osborn District
            • Tonopah
              • Belmont Mountain
    		Collected by and in the collection of Joe Ruiz. Analyzed by the University of Arizona.
        • Painted Rock Mts
          • Painted Rock District
            • Theba
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 121, 202, 278, 425; Wilson, W.E. & D.K. Miller (1974), Minerals of the Rowley Mine, Min.Rec.: 5: 10-30.
      • Pinal Co.
    		[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 104, 141; Fahey, J.J., et al (1950), Wherryite, a new mineral from the Mammoth mine, AZ, Am.Min.: 35: 93-98; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 202, 327; Palache, C. (1941b), Diaboleite from Mammoth mine, Tiger, AZ, Am.Min.: 26: 605-612; Fahey, J.J., et al (1950), Wherryite, a new mineral from the Mammoth mine, AZ, Am.Min.: 35: 93-98; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, Arizona, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 55.
      • Santa Cruz Co.
        • Santa Rita Mts
          • Wrightson District
            • Patagonia
              • Temporal Gulch area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 202.
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Baker
          • Otto Mountain
    		Joe Marty specimens
    Rocks & Minerals 86:132-142
    Mineral and/or Locality
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