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Alleghanyite

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Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA

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Formula:
Mn
2+
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Pinkish to reddish ...
Hardness:5½
Member of:Humite Group
Name:After the type locality occurrence in Alleghany County, North Carolina, USA.
This page provides mineralogical data about Alleghanyite.

Classification of Alleghanyite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/B.04-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.AF.45

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:52.3.2b.1

52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.17.4

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-129.html
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Type Occurrence of Alleghanyite

Type Locality:Bald Knob Deposit (Primary Ore Body; Crouse Knob Deposit), Bald Knob, Sparta, Alleghany Co., North Carolina, USA
Year of Discovery:1932
Geological Setting of type material:Hydrothermally deposited, in lenses in a manganese-bearing vein
Associated Minerals at type locality:
SpessartineRhodoniteGalaxite

Occurrences of Alleghanyite

Geological Setting:in veins crosscutting franklinite ore near pegmatites in a metamorphosed stratiform Zn-Mn deposit

Physical Properties of Alleghanyite

Lustre:Vitreous, Dull
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Pinkish to reddish brown, deep pink, grayish pink
Comment:in thin section, pink or buff in thick plates
Hardness (Mohs):5½
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Conchoidal

Crystallography of Alleghanyite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 8.27Å, b = 4.85Å, c = 10.72Å
β = 104.64°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.705 : 1 : 2.21
Unit Cell Volume:V 416.01 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals rounded, slender; in stout plates, some deeply striated. As fan-shaped aggregates; commonly irregular, massive.
Twinning:On {001} , lamellar, common; also on {105} , {305} .

Optical Data of Alleghanyite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.756 nβ = 1.780 nγ = 1.792
2V:Measured: 72° , Calculated: 68°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.036

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v

Chemical Properties of Alleghanyite

Formula:
Mn
2+
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Essential elements:H, Mn, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:H, Mn, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Al,Fe,Mg,Ca,F

Relationship of Alleghanyite to other Species

Member of:Humite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Chegemite
Ca
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
Chondrodite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(F,OH)
 
2
Clinohumite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(F,OH)
 
2
Humite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(F,OH)
 
2
Hydroxylchondrodite
Mg
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Hydroxylclinohumite
Mg
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
2
Jerrygibbsite
Mn
2+
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
Kumtyubeite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
F
 
2
Leucophoenicite
Mn
2+
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
Manganhumite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
Norbergite
Mg
 
3
(SiO
 
4
)(F,OH)
 
2
Reinhardbraunsite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
Ribbeite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Sonolite
Mn
2+
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
2
Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite)
Ca
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
F
 
2
Unnamed (F-analogue of Chegemite)
Ca
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(F,OH)
 
2
Common Associates:
WillemiteMagnussoniteKraissliteKoliciteHoldenite
FrankliniteChlorophoeniciteCalciteBaryteAdelite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.AF.05Sillimanite
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O
9.AF.10Andalusite
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O
9.AF.10Kanonaite
Mn
3+
 
Al(SiO
 
4
)O
9.AF.15Kyanite
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O
9.AF.20Mullite
Al
 
4+2x
Si
 
2-2x
O
 
10-x
9.AF.20Krieselite
(Al,Ga)
 
2
(GeO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
9.AF.23Boromullite
Al
 
9
BSi
 
2
O
 
19
9.AF.25Yoderite
Mg(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
O(OH)
9.AF.30Magnesiostaurolite
(Mg,Li,Fe
2+
 
)
 
1.5-2
Al
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
6
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.30Staurolite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Zn)
 
1.5-2
Al
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
6
(OH,O)
 
2
9.AF.30Zincostaurolite
(Zn,Li,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
1.5-2
Al
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
6
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.35Topaz
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.AF.40Norbergite
Mg
 
3
(SiO
 
4
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.AF.45Chondrodite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(F,OH)
 
2
9.AF.45Reinhardbraunsite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
9.AF.45Kumtyubeite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
F
 
2
9.AF.45Hydroxylchondrodite
Mg
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.50Humite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(F,OH)
 
2
9.AF.50Manganhumite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.50Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite)
Ca
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
F
 
2
9.AF.55Clinohumite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(F,OH)
 
2
9.AF.55Sonolite
Mn
2+
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
2
9.AF.55Hydroxylclinohumite
Mg
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
2
9.AF.60Leucophoenicite
Mn
2+
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.65Ribbeite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.70Jerrygibbsite
Mn
2+
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.75Franciscanite
Mn
2+
6
(V
5+
 
,☐)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
9.AF.75Örebroite
Mn
2+
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Sb
5+
 
)(SiO
 
4
)(O,OH)
 
3
9.AF.75Welinite
Mn
2+
6
(W
6+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
9.AF.80Ellenbergerite
Mg
 
6
(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)
 
2
(Al,Mg)
 
6
Si
 
8
O
 
28
(OH)
 
10
9.AF.85Chloritoid
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
 
2
9.AF.85Magnesiochloritoid
MgAl
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
 
2
9.AF.85Ottrélite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
 
2
9.AF.90Poldervaartite
CaCa(HSiO
 
4
)(OH)
9.AF.90Olmiite
CaMn
2+
 
(HSiO
 
4
)(OH)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.17.1Rhodonite
MnSiO
 
3
14.17.2Tephroite
Mn
2+
2
SiO
 
4
14.17.3Braunite
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
6
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
8
14.17.5Ribbeite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
14.17.6Leucophoenicite
Mn
2+
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
14.17.7Jerrygibbsite
Mn
2+
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
14.17.8Bementite
Mn
 
5
Si
 
4
O
 
10
(OH)
 
6
14.17.9Parsettensite
K
 
1.2
Mn
 
8
(Si,Al)
 
12
O
 
26
(OH)
 
10
14.17.10Yofortierite
Mn
 
5
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
 · 8-9H
 
2
O

Other Names for Alleghanyite

Other Languages:
German:Alleghanyit
Russian:Аллеганит
Simplified Chinese:粒硅锰矿
Spanish:Alleghanyita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Alleghanyite

Reference List:

- +
American Mineralogist: 17: 1-15.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 132: 1-18.

Internet Links for Alleghanyite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Alleghanyite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Alleghanyite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    China
     
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Baise Prefecture
        • Jingxi Co.
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190
    • Hunan Province
      • Xiangtan Prefecture
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190
    • Shaanxi Province
      • Hanzhong Prefecture
        • Zhenba Co.
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190
    • Sichuan Province
      • Ya'an Prefecture
        • Hanyuan Co.
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190
    • Yunnan Province
      • Dali Autonomous Prefecture
        • Heqing Co.
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190
      • Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Yanshan Co.
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Aichi Prefecture
          • Kita-Shidara-gun
            • Shidara-cho
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
        • Nagano Prefecture
          • Kami-Ina-gun
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.; Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F.
    Akira Kato (2011) Explanations of distributed specimens at the Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group, No. 34 (January, 20011).
    Akira Kato (2011) Explanations of distributed specimens at the Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group, No. 34 (January, 20011).
          • Nagawa-mura
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Chugoku Region
        • Yamaguchi Prefecture
          • Iwakuni City
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Lee, D. E. (1955); Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.; Am Min (1955) 40:32-40
          • Kudamatsu City
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Kiryuu City
    		Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    University of Tokyo collection
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Takanomine mine
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
        • Tochigi Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Kanuma City
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Tanuma
    		Collection of NHM, Vienna
        • Tokyo Prefecture
          • Nishi-Tama-gun
            • Okutama-cho
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Kinki Region
        • Kyoto Prefecture
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
          • Sohraku-gun
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
        • Shiga Prefecture
    		Symposium sobre yacimientos de manganeso, Tomo IV, Mexico (1956); Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
          • Iwaki
    		Mineralogical Journal Vol. 18 (1996) , No. 4 pp 155-160
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Miyako City
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Noda
    		Katsu Kaneko (1956) Symposium del Manganeso, XX Congreso Geologico Internacional, Mexico D.F.
          • Shimohei-gun
            • Yamada
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kyushu Region
      • Saga Prefecture
    		Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan)
    • Shikoku Island
      • Kochi Prefecture
    		Kaneko, K. (1956) Symposium sobre yacimientos de manganeso. Vol. 4, 184 (Mexico, 1956)
        • Outoyo (Ohtoyo)
    		Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 103,400-406(2008)
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Issyk-Kul'skaya Oblast
      • Inyl'chek Range
        • Muzeinyi Valley
    		Pautov L.A., Khvorov P.V., Ignatenko K.I. Alleganyte from rhodonite rocks of Inylchek range (the first description of alleganyte from USSR), - Novye dannye o mineralah SSSR (New data on minerals of USSR), Moscow, Nauka, 1989, p. 162-166.
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Mineralogical Record: 22: 421.
    Romania
     
    • Maramures Co.
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    • Suceava Co.
      • Suceava district
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
            • Sedel'nikovo
    		Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) Rhodonite deposits of Middle Ural, - S.-Peterburg Univercity press, p. 200 (in Rus.).
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
          • Sibay
    		Brusnitsyn, A.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(3), 193-214.
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Hedemora
        • Garpenberg
    		Nysten, P. (2003): Yeatmanite and magnussonite from the Garpenberg Norra mine, Bergslagen ore province, Sweden. Can. Mineral., 41, 201-206
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. ; K:Gatedal
        • Persberg district
          • Pajsberg
    		Nysten, P. (2004): Harstigen ett mineralogisk eldorado i Bergslagen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 5-13
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Engadin
        • Piz Corvatsch
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 31
      • Plessur Valley
        • Langwies
          • Fondei Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 31
    • St Gallen
      • Alvier Group
        • Sargans
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. und Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf Verlag, Basel, 579 pp
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Zermatt - Saas Fee area
        • Matt Valley
          • Täsch Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 30-31
    UK
     
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire)
        • Lleyn Peninsula
          • Llanfaelrhys
            • Rhiw
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • California
      • Amador Co.
        • Fiddletown
    		Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 49; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 60, 361; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 410, 459-460.
    Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 49; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 61; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 410, 460.
      • Santa Clara Co.
        • Diablo Range
          • Black Wonder District
            • East Foothills
    		Rogers, Austin Flint (1919b), An interesting occurrence of manganese minerals near San Jose, California: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 48: 443; Ross, Clarence Samuel & Paul F. Kerr (1932), Manganese mineral of a vein near Bald Knob, North Carolina: American Mineralogist: 17: 13; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 61; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 413; www.mineralsocal.org
    • Colorado
      • San Juan Co.
        • Silverton District
          • Howardsville
    		Rocks & Min.: 63: 366-384.
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Haddam
    		Januzzi (1976); Rocks & Min.: 70:403
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Cummington
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 58
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Cook, : Am. Min.:54:1392-1398 (1969); White,T.G. & Hyde, B.G.: Electron Microscope study of the humite minerals: II. Mn-rich specimens: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals:8:167-174 (1982); Dunn,P.J.:(1985); Dunn(1995):Pt3:349.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Cook, D.K.: Am. Min.:54:1392-1398 (1969); Petersen, et al: A highly magnesian alleghanyite from Sterling Hill, NJ: Min. Rec.:15:299-302 (1984); Francis, C. A.: Am. Min.:70:182-185 (1985); Dunn(1995):Pt3:348-349.
    • North Carolina
      • Alleghany Co.
        • Sparta
          • Bald Knob
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135.
    • Virginia
      • Carroll Co.
        • Southern Section-Blue Ridge Province
          • Gossan Lead District
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Pittsylvania Co.
        • James River-Roanoke River Mn-Fe-Ba District
    		AmMin 88:740-747 (2003)
    • Washington
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Mount Jupiter
          • Elkhorn Group
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
      • Mason Co.
        • Copper Creek (Boulder Creek)
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.39
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