Mindat Logo
Home Page Log In Message Board The Mindat Directory
Register Search Pages Chat Now! (2 online) Mindat Auctions

Dioptase

Big Photo

Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia
© 2002 John H. Betts

Show Dioptase Photos (438)
Formula:
CuSiO
 
2
(OH)
 
2
System:TrigonalColour:Emerald Green, blue-green
Lustre:VitreousHardness:5
Name:Named in 1797 by Hauy from the Greek for "through" and "to see" in allusion to the visibility of internal cleavage planes.


Bright emerald-green modified rhombohedral crystals, usually less than 0.75 cm in size.

Classification of Dioptase

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/E.21-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.CJ.30

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
J : [Si6O18]12- 6-membered single rings (sechser-Einfachringe), without insular complex anions
Dana 7th edition ID:61.1.3.1
Dana 8th edition ID:61.1.3.1

61 : CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings
1 : Six-Membered Rings with [Si6O18] rings; possible (OH) and Al substitution
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.2.1

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
2 : Silicates of Cu
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-1295.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Dioptase

Type Locality:Altyn-Tyube (Altyn-Tube) deposit, Kirghiz Steppes (Asiatic Steppes), Qaraghandy Oblysy (Karaganda Oblast'), Kazakhstan
Year of Discovery:1797
Geological Setting of type material:A secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of copper deposits.

Occurrences of Dioptase

Geological Setting:In the oxidized zone of some copper deposits.

Physical Properties of Dioptase

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Emerald Green, blue-green
Streak:Green
Hardness (Mohs):5
Hardness Data:Measured
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {1011}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.28 - 3.35 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.296 g/cm3

Crystallography of Dioptase

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:R3
Cell Parameters:a = 14.566Å, c = 7.778Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.534
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,429.15 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:18
Morphology:Long to short prismatic [0001], dominant forms {1120}, and {0221}, {1341}.
Twinning:On {1011}, uncommon.
Crystal Atlas:
Image Loading
Click on an icon to view
Dioptase no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Dioptase no.17 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

About Crystal Atlas

You may need to scroll this box using your mouse to view the full instructions.

The mindat.org Crystal Atlas allows you to view a selection of crystal drawings of real and idealised crystal forms for this mineral and, in certain cases, 3d rotating crystal objects. You need Java to see these. You can download Java for free - click here to download Java

The 3d models and java code are kindly provided by www.smorf.nl. You can control the movement of the models by holding down the left mouse-button over the 3d model and moving your mouse. Keyboard controls are:

: default positions
t/T: decrease/increase transparency x/X: next/previous texture
b/B: next/previous background w: toggle wireframe
s: toggle sticks m: toggle miller indices
k: toggle crystallographic axes =/-: zoom in/out
r: stop/start rotation 1/2/3


Note: You will not be able to switch between different crystal models using the Opera 8.5x web browser due to a bug in Opera - you need to use either Firefox or Internet Explorer 6/7 or Opera 9.
Structure
  Reference
Ribbe P H Gibbs G V Hamil M (1977) A refinement of the structure of dioptase, Cu6[Si6O18]*6H2O Note: sample is from Reneville, Congo. American Mineralogist 62:807-811.

Show
Unit Cell | Structure | Polyhedra

Style
Black Background | White Background

Rotation
Stop | Start

Labels
Label Atoms | Off

More Crystal Structures
Click here to view more crystal structures at the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
7.29 (80)
4.90 (40)
4.06 (40)
2.60 (100)
2.44 (40)
2.11 (50)
1.506 (40)

Optical Data of Dioptase

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 1.652 - 1.658 nε = 1.704 - 1.710
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.052

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:O>E

Chemical Properties of Dioptase

Formula:
CuSiO
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Idealised Formula:
Cu
 
6
[Si
 
6
O
 
18
]·6H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Cu, H, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Cu, H, O, Si

Relationship of Dioptase to other Species

Common Associates:
WulfeniteQuartzMimetiteMalachiteHemimorphite
FluoriteChrysocollaCerussite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
9.CJ.05Bazzite
Be
 
3
Sc
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
18
9.CJ.05Beryl
Be
 
3
Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
18
9.CJ.05Indialite
Mg
 
2
Al
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
18
9.CJ.05Stoppaniite
(Fe,Al,Mg)
 
4
(Na,[ ])
 
2
[Be
 
6
Si
 
12
O
 
36
]·2(H2O)
9.CJ.05Pezzottaite
Cs(Be
 
2
Li)Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
18
9.CJ.10Cordierite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
Al
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
18
9.CJ.10Sekaninaite
(Fe,Mg)
 
2
Al
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
18
9.CJ.15Combeite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
9
9.CJ.15Kazakovite
Na
 
6
Ti[Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
2
]
9.CJ.15Lovozerite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)[Si
 
6
(O,OH)
 
18
]
9.CJ.15Tisinalite
Na
 
3
H
 
3
(Mn,Ca,Fe)TiSi
 
6
(O,OH)
 
18
·2H
 
2
O
9.CJ.15Zirsinalite
Na
 
6
(Ca,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Zr[Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CJ.15Litvinskite
Na
 
2
([],Na,Mn)ZrSi
 
6
O
 
12
(OH,O)
 
6
9.CJ.15Kapustinite
Na
 
5
(Na,Mn
2+
 
)
 
<1
Zr[Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
2
]
9.CJ.20Imandrite
Na
 
12
Ca
 
3
Fe
3+
2
[Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
 
2
9.CJ.20Koashvite
Na
 
6
(Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)Si
 
6
O
 
18
·H
 
2
O
9.CJ.25Baratovite
KCa
 
7
(Ti,Zr)
 
2
Li
 
3
Si
 
12
O
 
36
F
 
2
9.CJ.25Katayamalite
KCa
 
7
Ti
 
2
Li
 
3
Si
 
12
O
 
36
(OH)
 
2
9.CJ.35Kostylevite
K
 
2
ZrSi
 
3
O
 
9
·H
 
2
O
9.CJ.40Petarasite
Na
 
5
Zr
 
2
[(OH,Cl)|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]·2H
 
2
O
9.CJ.45Gerenite-(Y)
(Ca,Na)
 
2
(Y,REE)
 
3
Si
 
6
O
 
18
·2H
 
2
O
9.CJ.50Odintsovite
K
 
2
Na
 
4
Ca
 
3
Ti
 
2
Be
 
4
Si
 
12
O
 
38
9.CJ.55Mathewrogersite
Pb
 
7
(Fe
2+
 
,Cu)Al
 
3
Ge[(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
6
|(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
14.2.2Shattuckite
Cu
 
5
[(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
3
)
 
4
]
14.2.3Plancheite
Cu
 
8
[(OH)
 
4
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
] · H
 
2
O
14.2.4Gilalite
Cu
 
5
Si
 
6
O
 
17
·7H
 
2
O
14.2.5Chrysocolla
(Cu,Al)
 
2
H
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
5
(OH)
 
4
·nH
 
2
O
14.2.6Litidionite
CuNaKSi
 
4
O
 
10
14.2.7Reinhardbraunsite
Ca
 
5
[(OH,F)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
14.2.8Cuprorivaite
CaCu[Si
 
4
O
 
10
]
14.2.9Kinoite
Ca
 
2
Cu
 
2
(H
 
2
O)
 
2
[Si
 
3
O
 
10
]
14.2.10Stringhamite
CaCu[SiO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
14.2.11Apachite
Cu
 
9
Si
 
10
O
 
29
·11H
 
2
O

Other Names for Dioptase

Synonyms:
AchiriteAchriteAschiriteDioptasiteEmerald-copper
Emerald-malachiteEmeraudineKirghisiteKupfergrün crystallisirtesRhombohedral Emerald Malachite
Smaragdo-chalcite (of Mohs)
Croatian names:
Dioptas
Dutch names:
Dioptaas
Finnish names:
Dioptaasi
French names:
German names:
DioptasAchiritAchritAschiritDioptasit
KirghisitKupfer-Smaragd
Italian names:
Dioptasio
Polish names:
Dioptaz
Russian names:
Диоптаз
Slovak names:
Dioptas
Spanish names:
DioptasaAchiritaAchritaAschiritaDioptasita
Kirghisita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Non-fluorescent.
Electrical:Pyroelectric
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Dioptase

Reference List:Traite de Minéralogie: III: 477.

Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 239: 842-845.

Soviet Physics – Doklady: 23: 215-217.

Internet Links for Dioptase

Search Engines:
  • Look for Dioptase on Google
  • Look for Dioptase images on Google
    • External Links:
  • Look for Dioptase on Webmineral
  • Look for Dioptase on Athena Mineralogy
  • Look for Dioptase on Wikipedia
  • Look for Dioptase on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Dioptase in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Dioptase details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
    • Mineral Dealers:
  • Wright's Rock Shop - excellent mineral specimens since 1970
  • Fine Minerals from Dan Weinrich Minerals
  • Top quality minerals from Kristalle of California
  • Wilensky Fine Minerals
  • Fabre Minerals - search for Dioptase specimens
  • Search for Dioptase at Thames Valley Minerals
  • Wendel Minerals - Auktion & Shop
  • Find Dioptase on www.crystalclassics.co.uk
  • Search for Dioptase on minvision.com
  • Buy Fine Minerals from mineralsweb.com
  • High-end worldwide specimens & outstanding customer service
  • Buy fine minerals and gemstones from Pala International
    • Jobs:
  • Mining & Geology Jobs

    • Page Sponsor

    Sponsorship:This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to find out how you can sponsor this page.

    Localities for Dioptase

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    These maps work faster with Firefox!
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
      • Dumesnil
    No reference listed
      • Punilla Department
        • Tanti
    		 Marcelo O. Olsina collection
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Olary Province
        • Kalabity homestead area
    		No reference listed
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • El Loa Province
        • Calama
    		maurizio dini collection
      • Tocopilla Province
        • Sierra Gorda District
          • Caracoles
    		R. S. W. Braithwaite et al.: Min. Mag. 68(3):527-539 (2004)
    • Atacama Region
      • Chañaral Province
        • El Salado
          • Diego de Almagro
    		Uwe Kolitsch collection (SXRD-analysed)
    [MinRec 10:123]
    Mr. Terry Szenics.
    maurizio dini collection - analysed material
      • Copiapó Province
        • Tierra Amarilla
          • Cerro Pintado
    		Mr. Terry Szenics; Maurizio Dini collection
      • Huasco Province
        • Vallenar
          • San Antonio district
    		Morales A.(1920); "Informe preliminar sobre las minas del mineral de San Antonio, Enami, Stgo de Chile.; Morales A.(1920); "Informe preliminar sobre las minas del mineral de San Antonio", Enami, Stgo de Chile.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
    		No reference listed
    Petr Pauliš (2000): Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech, Kuttna, Kutná Hora
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Javorník
    		Sejkora, J., Pauliš, P., Škoda, R.: Uranové ložisko Zálesí v Rychlebských horách. Minerál, 2007, roč. 15, č. 4, s. 305-238.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Katanga Copper Crescent
        • Central area
          • Kambove
    Jordi Fabre specimen
          • Shinkolobwe
    		Mineralogical Record: 20: 287-288.
    No reference listed
        • Western area
          • Kolwezi
    		[MinRec 22:13-20,28]
            • Mutoshi (Ruwe)
    		Lapis 17(3), 13-40 (1992)
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Hérault
        • Lodève
    		[Le Règne Minéral 1997, 13, p.5-18]
    Germany
     
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Altenberg
    		Mineralien-Welt, (2), 17-39.
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Plön
        • Grebin am See
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Iran
     
    • Esfahan Province (Isfahan Province; Aspadana Province)
      • Anarak District
    		P. Bariand and P. Herpin, Bull. Soc. Franç. Minér. Crist. , 1963, LXXXVI, pp. 133-135.
    • South Khorasan Province
      • Birjand
    		Vachik Hairapetian collection
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Borzoli
    		Giuseppe Pipino - L'antica miniera di Monte Ramazzo e i suoi minerali - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, vol. 8, fasc. 3, 1977
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Canavese District
          • Chiusella Valley
            • Traversella
    		Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, (10), 1-54.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Capoliveri
            • Cape Calamita Mine (Calamita Mine)
    		L. Dell'Anna, C.L. Garavelli (1967) - Plancheite di Capo Calamita (Isola d'Elba) - Per. Min., 36: 126-146.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Qaraghandy Oblysy (Karaganda Oblast')
    [MinRec 23:495]
    Mexico
     
    • Baja California Norte
      • Mun. de Ensenada
        • Las Palomas
    		Panczner(1987):159,181 & 259.
    • Durango
      • Mun. de San Dimas
        • San Dimas District
          • Tayoltita
    		Panczner(1987):181,212.
    • Sonora
      • Mun. de Alamos
        • Alamos
    		Panczner (1987): 181 & 262.
      • Mun. de Hermosillo
        • Hermosillo
    		Panczner (1987): 181.
    Morocco
     
    No reference listed
    Namibia
     
    • Kunene Region
      • Kaokoveld Plateau
    		Niedermayr, G., Schnaitmann, E. A., Brandstätter, F. (2008): Das Dioptas-Shattuckit-Vorkommen Kandesei im Kakokoland [sic]. Mineralien-Welt 19, 76-93 (in German).
    [MinRec 19:116]
    Jakob, G. (1987): Reise zur Dioptas-Mine "Omaue" im Kaoko-Veld. LAPIS 12 (4), 11-14; Palfi, A. (2005): Spessartin- und Dioptas-Mineralisationen im Kaokoland, Namibia. Mineralien-Welt 16 (4), 49-61 (in German).
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		[MinRec 19:117, 19:337, 8:Tsumeb 23/49/71, 7:133]
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
    		[MinRecord 28:124]
        • Kombat
    		Mineralogical Record: 22: 421.
    No reference listed
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
      • Manawatu-Wanganui
        • Tararua
          • Maharahara
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    • South Island
      • Nelson
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Peru
     
    • Arequipa Department
      • Nazca Province
        • Nazca
    		(specimens on sale in Lima, May 2004)
    • Ica Department
      • Pampa Nazca
    Republic Of The Congo
     
    • Pool Region
      • Mindouli
        • Sanda
          • Pimbi hill
    		Dan Weinrich specimen
    Republic of Congo (Brazzaville)
     
    • Brazzaville Region (Renéville Region)
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 652; Mineralogical Record: 10: 180; Mineralogical Record: 16: 303.
    • Pool Region
    		Rob Lavinsky
    [MinRec 24:394]
    Romania
     
    • Bihor Co.
      • Nucet
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northwest Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		[MinRec 24:421]
    [MinRec 12:305]
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Christmas area
              • Christmas
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 205.
            • Hayden area
              • Hayden
    		Keith, S.B. (1972), Mineralogy and paragenesis of the 79 mine lead-zinc-copper deposit, Min.Rec.: 3: 247-264.
        • Globe-Miami District
          • Inspiration
            • Miami-Inspiration deposit
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 205.
        • Payson District (Green Valley District)
          • Buckhead Mesa
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 165, 205; Lausen, C. & E.D.Wilson (1925), Gold and copper deposits near Payson, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 120; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 96.
          • Payson
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 205; Lausen, C. & E.D. Wilson (1925), Gold and copper deposits near Payson, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 120; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 96.
      • Graham Co.
    		MRDS database Dep. ID #10095423, MRDS ID #M050062.
      • Greenlee Co.
    		MRDS database Dep. ID #10048293, MRDS ID #M800427.
    MRDS database Dep. ID #10048279, MRDS ID #M800403.
    MRDS database Dep. ID #10048276, MRDS ID #M800399.
        • Shannon Mts
          • Clifton-Morenci District
            • Clifton
              • Chase Creek headwaters
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 205; Hills, R.C. (1882), Dioptase from AZ, Amer.Jour.Sci.: 23: 325; Kunz, G.F. (1885), On remarkable copper minerals from AZ, Annals NY Acad. Sci.: 3: 275-278; Lindgren, W. & W.F. Hillebrand (1904), Minerals from the Clifton-Morenci district, AZ, Amer.Jour.Sci.: 18: 448-460; Lindgren, W. (1905), The copper deposits of the Clifton-Morenci district, AZ, USGS PP 43; Guild, F.N. (1910), The Mineralogy of Arizona, The Chemical Publishing Co., Easton, PA; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 96.
            • Garfield Gulch
    		Dana, System of Mineralogy, 6th ed.: A2: 35.
            • Morenci
      • La Paz Co.
        • Buckskin Mts
          • Cienega District
            • Osborne Well
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 205.
          • Midway District
            • Mammoth-Chicago-Copper Glance Mine group
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 205; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 96.
        • Harquahala Mts
          • Harquahala District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 205.
          • Little Harquahala Mts
            • Harquahala District
              • Salome
                • Martin Peak
                  • Bonanza and Golden Eagle Mine group
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. collection (6814CL).
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 232.
        • New Water Mts
          • New Water District
            • Moore Mine group
    		[MinRec 14:119]
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 205.
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Vulture Mts
          • Vulture District
      • Mohave Co.
        • Artillery Mts
          • Rawhide Wash
    		MRDS file #10037093.
        • Cerbat Mts (Cerbat Range)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 205; Thomas, B.E. (1949), Ore deposits of the Wallapai district, AZ, Econ.Geol.: 44:663-705.
        • Hualapai (Hualpai) Mts
          • Wallapai District
            • Kingman District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 173; Thomas, B.E. (1949), Ore deposits of the Wallapai district, AZ, Econ.Geol.: 44:663-705; Searls, F. Jr. (1950), The Emerald Isle copper deposit, Econ.Geol.: 45:175-176; Newberg, D.W. (1967), Geochemical implications of chrysocolla-bearing alluvial gravels, Econ.Geol.: 62:932-956.
      • Pima Co.
        • Santa Rita Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 205.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.:
      • Pinal Co.
        • Galiuro Mts
          • Klondyke
            • Oak Grove Canyon (Virgus Canyon)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 206; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56; Simons, F.S. (1964), Geology of the Klondyke quadrangle, Graham and Pinal Cos., AZ, USGS PP 461; Rocks & Min.: 60(1): 5.
        • Mammoth District
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 206; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181; Galbraith, F.W. & T.H. Kuhn (1940), A new occurrence of dioptase in AZ, Am.Min.: 25: 708-710; Palache, C. (1941b), Diaboleite from Mammoth mine, Tiger, AZ, Am.Min.: 26: 605-612.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 83.
        • Mineral Creek District (Ray District)
          • Hot Tamale Peak
            • Ray
    		Jones, R.W. & W.E. Wilson (1983), The Ray mine, Min.Rec.: 14(5): 311-322.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 206, 277.
        • Pinal Mts
          • Pioneer District
            • Superior
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 206; Barnes, R. & M. Hay (1983), Famous mineral localities: The Magma Mine, Min.Rec.: 14: 72-82; Min.Rec.: 20:69, 387; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 72; Wilson, E.D., et al (1950), Arizona zinc and lead deposits, part I, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 156: 94.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 206; Short, M.N., et al (1943), Geology and ore deposits of the Superior mining area, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 151; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 96.
        • Riverside area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 206; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 96; Smith, W.B. (1887b), Dioptase from Pinal Co., AZ, Proc. CO Sci. Soc.: 2: 159-160.
        • Silver Reef Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 206.
        • Slate Mts
          • North Komelik
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 206.
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Black Rock District
          • Constellation
            • Amazon Wash
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 206; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 96.
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Baker
          • Section 2; T13N; R7E (SB)
    		Mineralogical Record: 8: 494-495, 432; Rocks and Minerals: 60(1): 8.
        • Clark Mts
    		[Mineralien Welt 1/93:44]
    No reference listed
    • Michigan
      • Ontonagon Co.
        • Mass City
    		Rocks & Min.:58:112.
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Goodsprings District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    [Hewett, D (1931) Geology and Ore Depositsof the Goodsprings Quadrangle, Nevada; USGS PP 162]
    [Hewett, D (1931) Geology and Ore Depositsof the Goodsprings Quadrangle, Nevada; USGS PP 162]
    [Hewett, D (1931) Geology and Ore Depositsof the Goodsprings Quadrangle, Nevada; USGS PP 162]
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lander Co.
        • Battle Mountain District
    		K. Starnes, personal ID, 1988
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Bristol and Jackrabbit Districts
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Andover Township
    		Cummings, W. L., 2007, Personal communication
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed., 1996
      • Luna Co.
        • Cooks Peak District
          • Old Hadley (Graphic) Mining District
    		Walstrom 2006 New Mexico Mineral Symposium abstracts
        • Victorio District
    		Walstrom 2006 New Mexico Mineral Symposium abstracts
      • Otero Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Adams Co.
        • Gettysburg
    		Rocks & Minerals 81:229-234
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
    www.mindat.org Web
    Copyright © Jolyon & Ida Ralph 1993-2008. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them.Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register.