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Dufrénite

Big Photo

Bel Air Mine, La Chapelle Largeau, Deux-Sèvres, Poitou-Charentes, France
© JM. Johannet

Show Dufrénite Photos (69)
Formula:
Ca
 
0.5
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
5
[(OH)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Dark green, olive-green, ...
Lustre:Vitreous, SilkyHardness:3½ - 4½
Name:
After P.A. Dufrénoy (1792-1857), French mineralogist.


A secondary mineral occurring with limonite in gossan of veins and in iron ore deposits.

See also natrodufrénite which appears to be much more common than presently thought (Henry Barwood, unpubl. results).
A (formally) vacancy- and Mn2+-dominant member was reported by Sejkora et al. (2006).

Note: dufrénite is the correct spelling, not dufrenite (Burke, 2008).


Classification of Dufrénite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/D.11-110
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.DK.15

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
K : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 1:1 and < 2:1
Dana 8th edition ID:42.9.1.2

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.13.4

19 : Phosphates
13 : Phosphates of Fe alone
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Type Occurrence of Dufrénite

Co-type Localities:Anglar, Haute-Vienne, Limousin, France
Hoff auf mich Mine, Ullersreuth, Hirschberg, Vogtland, Thuringia, Germany

Occurrences of Dufrénite

Geological Setting:Gossan of veins and in iron ore deposits.

Physical Properties of Dufrénite

Lustre:Vitreous, Silky
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent, Opaque
Colour:Dark green, olive-green, olive-brown, black; olive-brown to reddish brown with oxidation; bluish green to reddish brown or yellow in transmitted light.
Streak:Green
Hardness (Mohs):3½ - 4½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
One perfect, parallel to the fibre direction, with traces of a third cleavage at right angles to the other two.
Density (measured):3.1 - 3.34 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.41 g/cm3

Crystallography of Dufrénite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/b {B1 1 2/b} {C2/c} {C1 2/c 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 25.84(2) Å, b = 5.126(3) Å, c = 13.78(1) Å
β = 111.20(6)°
Ratio:a:b:c = 5.041 : 1 : 2.688
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,701.72 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Crystals rare, indistinct, in subparallel or sheaf-like aggregates. Botryoidal masses or crusts with a radial fibrous structure, common. The crusts are formed of drusy crystals with rounded or exfoliated terminations at times.
Comment:SG C2/c

Optical Data of Dufrénite

Type:Biaxial (+/-)
RI values: nα = 1.820 - 1.842 nβ = 1.830 - 1.850 nγ = 1.875 - 1.925
2V:Calculated: 38° to 52°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.055 - 0.083

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:relatively strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = Deep blue, light brown, light yellow-brown or deep bluish green
Y = Buff, brown, light brown, light yellow-brown
Z = Deep red-brown, dark brown, red-brown, deep olive-brown
(from localities: Rock Run, AL; Siegen, Westphalia; Wheal Phoenix; and Hirs

Chemical Properties of Dufrénite

Formula:
Ca
 
0.5
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
5
[(OH)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Ca, Fe, H, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Fe, H, O, P

Relationship of Dufrénite to other Species

Member of Group:
Dufrénite Group:
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.DK.Richelsdorfite
Ca
 
2
Cu
 
5
Sb[Cl|(OH)
 
6
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 6H
 
2
O
8.DK.10Alumopharmacosiderite
KAl
 
4
[(OH)
 
4
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 6-7H
 
2
O
8.DK.10Bariopharmacosiderite
BaFe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 5H
 
2
O
8.DK.10Barium-Alumopharmacosiderite
Ba(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 7H
 
2
O (?)
8.DK.10Pharmacosiderite
KFe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
4
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 6-7H
 
2
O
8.DK.10Natropharmacosiderite
(Na,K)Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
4
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 6-7H
 
2
O
8.DK.10Barium-zinc-alumopharmacosiderite
(Ba,K)
 
0.5
(Zn,Cu)
 
0.5
(Al,Fe)
 
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
·5H
 
2
O
8.DK.15Burangaite
(Na,Ca
 
0.5
)(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Al
 
5
[(OH,O)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
8.DK.15Natrodufrénite
NaFe
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
5
[(OH)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
8.DK.15Matioliite
NaMgAl
 
5
[(OH)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
8.DK.15IMA2008-056
NaMn
2+
 
Fe
3+
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
6
·2H
 
2
O
8.DK.20Kidwellite
NaFe
3+
9
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
8.DK.25Bleasdaleite
(Ca,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
Cu
 
5
(Bi,Cu)[(H
 
2
O,OH,Cl)
 
13
|(PO
 
4
)
 
4
]
8.DK.30Matulaite
CaAl
 
18
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
 
4
 · 28H
 
2
O
8.DK.35Krasnovite
Ba(Al,Mg)[(OH)
 
2
|(PO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)] · H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
19.13.1Barbosalite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.13.2Strengite
FePO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
19.13.3Phosphosiderite
FePO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
19.13.5Giniite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 2H
 
2
O
19.13.6Whitmoreite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.13.7Tinticite
Fe
3+
5.34
(PO
 
4
)
 
3.62
(VO
 
4
)
 
0.38
(OH)
 
4
·6.7H
 
2
O
19.13.8Ferristrunzite
Fe
3+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
 · 5H
 
2
O
19.13.9Ferrostrunzite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
19.13.10Beraunite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
5
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
19.13.11Vivianite
Fe
2+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·8H
 
2
O
19.13.12Metavivianite
Fe
2+
3-x
Fe
3+
x
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)x·(8-x)H
 
2
O

Other Names for Dufrénite

Synonyms:
Alluadite (of Bernhardi)
Other Languages:
French:Fer oxidé, terreaux, jaune verdâtre
German:Dufrénit
Grüneisenerde
Grüneisenerz
Grüneisenstein, strahlicher, ochricher
Kraurit
Strahlstein (of Jordan)
Russian:Дюфренит
Spanish:Dufrénita

Other Information

Other Information:Soluble in dilute acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Dufrénite

Reference List:Jordan (1803) Min. Reisebem.: 243 (as Strahlstein).

Ullmann, J.C. (1814) Systematisch-Tabellarische Uebersicht der min.-einfachen Fossilien. Cassel and Marburg: 152 (as Grüneisenstein, strahlicher, ochrichter).

Haüy, R.J. (1822) Traité de minéralogie. second edition, 4 volumes, with fol. Atlas: 4: 106 (as Fer oxidé, terreaux, jaune verdâtre).

Brongniart, A. (1833) Tableau des espèces minerals, 48pp., 8vo, Paris: 20.

Breithaupt, A. (1841) Vollständige Handbuch der Mineralogie. Vol. 2: 152 (as Kraurit).

Streng (1881) Jahrbuch Min.: I: 110.

Kinch and Butler (1886) Mineralogical Magazine: 7: 65.

Kinch (1888) Mineralogical Magazine: 8: 112.

Hintze, Carl (1889) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4B]: 1122.

Clarke (1910) USGS Bull. 419: 303.

Simpson (1911) Journal of the Natural History Society of Western Australia: 4: 3.

Frondel, C. (1949) American Mineralogist: 34: 513.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 873-875.

Mineralogical Magazine (1990): 54: 419.

Sejkora, J., Škoda, R., Ondruš, P., Beran, P. & Susser, C. (2006): Mineralogy of phosphate accumulations in the Huber stock, Krásno ore district, Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 103-147.

Burke, E. A. J. (2008): Tidying up Mineral Names: An IMA scheme for Suffixes, Hyphens and Diacritical Marks. Mineralogical Record, 39, 131-135.

Internet Links for Dufrénite

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    Localities for Dufrénite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
      • Punilla Department
        • Tanti
          • Cerro Blanco pegmatite district
    		Mr. Nelson Valenzuela.
      • San Alberto Department
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2006) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina, Vol. 2, p 428 (Asociación Mineralógica Argentina)
    • San Luis
      • Coronel Pringles Department
        • La Florida
    		No reference listed
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    Australian Mineralogist (1997): 3: 1.
    [UKJMM 19:28]
    • Northern Territory
      • Pine Creek
    		Stuart Mills
    • South Australia
      • Eyre peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		No reference listed
      • Flinders Ranges
        • South Flinders Ranges
          • Wilmington
    		Australian Journal of Mineralogy. Vol 5. No. 2. 1999. 55-62
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • North Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Robertstown
    		No reference listed
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Barossa Valley
            • Angaston
    • Victoria
      • Parish of Edi
    • Western Australia
      • Dandaragan
    		Collection of NHM, Vienna
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Doce valley
          • Divino das Laranjeiras
            • Linópolis
    		Cassedanne, J.P. (1983): Famous mineral localities: The Córrego Frio mine and vicinity, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 14 (4): 227-237
          • Galiléia
            • Sapucaia do Norte
    		Cassedanne, J.P. & Baptista, A. (1999): Famous Mineral Localities: The Sapucaia Pegmatite Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 30: 347-360 + 365
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
    		Povondra, P., Pivec, E. (eds.) et al.: Přibyslavice peraluminuous granite. Acta universitatis carolinae, Geologica, 1987, no. 3, s . 183 – 283.
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Lázně Kynžvart
    		Černý, P., Veselovský, F.: Pegmatit Bílý kámen (Weisser Stein) u Kynžvartu. Minerál, 2000, roč. 8, č. 1, s. 10-16.
      • Liberec Region
        • Jilemnice (Starkenbach)
    		Pauliš, P.: Dufrenit z Poniklé v Krkonoších. Minerál, 2003, r. 11, č. 3, str. 166 – 168
      • Pardubice Region
    		Prachař, I.: Současný stav výskytu nerostů ve Chvaleticích. Acta musei Reginaehradecensis, série A: vědy přírodní, 1981, roč. XVI., s. 99-102.
      • Plzeň Region
        • Domažlice (Taus)
    		Weber, A.: Fosfáty z pegmatitů jz. Čech. Rozpravy II. třídy České akademie, 1948, roč. 58, č. 1.
        • Rokycany (Rokitzan; Rokytzan)
    		Janouš, F.: Minerály z Kněží hory u Těškova (okres Rokycany), Minerál, 1995, roč. 3, č. 6, s. 367-369.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Ébreuil
          • Échassières
    		Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet collections
    Walenta, K. & Binder, W. (1980): Kidwellit und Dufrenit aus den Mines de Montmins bei Echassiéres (französisches Zentralmassiv). Aufschluss 31, 51-54.; Le Règne Minéral, (33), 5-25.
    • Brittany
      • Morbihan
        • Plumelin
    		Pierre Le Roc'h & Jean-Marc Johannet collections
    • Limousin
      • Creuse
        • Boussac
          • Montebras-en-Soumans
    		Queneau Patrice collection
      • Haute-Vienne
    		Brongniart A: Tab. Espèces Min.(1833) p. 20
        • Bessines-sur-Gartempe
    		http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeldemine/listes%20mineraux.html
        • Razès
          • Chanteloube
            • Vilatte Quarries (La Vilate)
    		Boisson, J. M. (1988) - Les monts d'Ambazac, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, (2), 3-33.
    Guide geologique de la Haute Vienne, musee municipal de Limoges, Limoges, 1967
        • Saint-Sylvestre
    		http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeldemine/liste%20mineraux%20sud.html
    • Poitou-Charentes
      • Deux-Sèvres
        • La Chapelle Largeau
    		Le Cahier des micromonteurs, 2002, N°75, pp 8-25 / Johannet J.-M. (2006) Belles découvertes de dufrénite en Deux-Sèvres. Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 93, 72-76. (in French)
        • Le Temple
    		Le Cahier des micromonteurs, 2002, N°75, pp 8-25
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Zwiesel
            • Rabenstein
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 721; Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Auerbach
    		Stanjek, H. (1983): Auerbach/Oberpfalz. Phosphatmineralien aus der Grube Leonie. Lapis 8 (3), 9-18; 42. (in German); Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Nitzlbuch (Nitzelbuch)
    		Dana 7:II:772,803,960.
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Pleystein
    		Dill, H.G., Weber, B. (2009), Pleystein-City on Pegmatite, 4th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, Recife, Brazil.
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    • Hesse
      • Wetzlar
        • Waldgirmes
    		Dana 6: 797, 823; Dana 7:II:874, 960.
        • Weilburg
          • Essershausen
    		Blaß, G. (2002): Eine neue Phosphatmineralien-Paragenese von der Grube Mark bei Essershausen, mittleres Lahngebiet, Taunus. Mineralien-Welt, 13 (6), 18-43. (in German)
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Warstein
          • Hirschberg
    		D. Pawlowski: "Mineralfundstellen im Sauerland", Weise (Munich), 1991
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Siegerland
        • Herdorf
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990; Overkott, T. & Reinhardt, M. (2007): Dufrenit vom Hollerter Zug im Siegerland. Lapis 32 (11), 42.
      • Westerwald
        • Rheinbreitbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Wied Iron Spar District
          • Altenkirchen
            • Bürdenbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony
      • Oberlausitz
        • Görlitz
          • Rengersdorf
    		T. Witzke & T. Giesler (1993): Dufrenit und Opal von Rengersdorf/Lausitz.- Mineralien-Welt 4 (5), 14
      • Vogtland
        • Reichenbach
          • Neumark
            • Hauptmannsgrün
    		U. Ludwig, Chemnitz
    • Thuringia
      • Bad Lobenstein
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Vogtland
        • Hirschberg
          • Ullersreuth
    		Witzke, T., Rüger, F., Martin, M., Graf, J., and Baum, M. (2001): Ullersreuth, ein traditionelles thüringisches Bergbaugebiet. Lapis 26(12), 13-27.
    Witzke, T., Rüger, F., Martin, M., Graf, J., and Baum, M. (2001): Ullersreuth, ein traditionelles thüringisches Bergbaugebiet. Lapis 26(12), 13-27.
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		No reference listed
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Chiyoda-machi
    		Matsubara, S. & Kato, A. (1980) Koubutsugaku Zasshi, 14, 269-286.
    Mexico
     
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Rodeo
        • Rodeo
    		Michael Shannon specimens
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
        • Okatjimukuju farm (Friedrichsfelde farm)
    		P. Keller and O. von Knorring, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 567-593.
        • Usakos
    		Der Aufschluss 36:117-119
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    Portugal
     
    • Viseu District
      • Mangualde
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Western Cape Province
      • Hout Bay
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Ciudad Real
        • Minas de Horcajo
    		Sáinz de Baranda, B., Palero, F.J., García, G. (2004): El Horcajo, las piromorfitas más famosas del mundo. Bocamina, 13, 32-68.
    • Catalonia
      • Barcelona
        • Baix Llobregat
    		Camprubí, A., Costa, F., Melgarejo, J.C., 1994. Mineralizaciones de fosfatos férrico-alumínicos de Gavà (Catalunya): tipología. Boletín Geológico y Minero, v. 105-5, p. 444-453.
            • Bruguers
    		Tritlla, J. (1987) “Sobre la presencia de dufrenita en las minas de Bruguers (Prov. de Barcelona)”. Mineralogistes de Catalunya, Vol.III, n.8, pp.208-209
    Sweden
     
    • Lappland
      • Kiruna
    		No reference listed
      • Kiruna district
        • Svappavaara
    		No reference listed
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Liskeard District
          • Caradon & Phoenix Area (South-Eastern Bodmin Moor)
            • Linkinhorne
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 802, 874, 950.
        • St Austell District
          • Luxulyan Area (Luxulian Area)
            • Hensbarrow Downs
              • Stenalees
    		Elton, N. J. (1998): Barbosalite, frondelite and other phosphates from Gunheath China Clay Pit, St Austell, Cornwall, England. Journal of the Russell Society 7, 15-18. ; Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 517-518.
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Coombe Height
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Alabama
      • Cherokee Co.
    		Rob Lavinsky
    Min.Rec.:20(5):361.
    Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 874; Rocks & Minerals: 70(5): 320-333.
    Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    • Arkansas
      • Polk Co.
        • Shady
    		Rocks & Min.:64:297-298.
        • Three Oaks Gap
    		Rocks & Minerals: 63: 120.
    • Georgia
      • Burke Co.
        • Girard District
    		Jason Smith & M.E. Ciriotti (2005) [m.ciriotti@tin.it]
      • Polk Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals 54:4 pp161-165
    • Missouri
      • Crawford Co.
        • Missouri Brown Iron Belt
    		Dana 6: 1083.
        • Steelville
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Buffalo Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
      • Pershing Co.
        • Willard District
    		[MinRec 39:297]
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
        • Alexandria
    		Rocks & Min.: 17:250.
        • Groton
    		Meyers & Stewart (1956) Geology of New Hampshire, part III.
    Rocks & Min.: 16:208-211.
      • Hillsborough Co.
        • Deering
    		Meyers & Stewart,1956. Geology of NH, part III.
    • New Jersey
      • Monmouth Co.
        • Holmdel
    		The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vil. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 81.
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Northrup, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
          • Santa Rita
    		Min Rec 26:5 p483; Min. Mag. 60:787-793.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Sandoval Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • North Carolina
    		Genth,F.A and Kerr,W.C,1881,Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina,Geologic Survey
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain
    		Wilson,W.F and Mckenzie,B.J ,1978, Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina,Information Circular 24
        • Kings Mountain District
    		Jason Smith collection, Steve Adams collection
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117.
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Keystone
    		Rocks & Minerals: 67(6): 380-388.
    • Virginia
      • Rockbridge Co.
        • Lyndhurst-Vesuvius District
    		Rocks & Min.:64:42-45 (also see Rocks & Min.:57:20-22 & 60:168); Watson(1907).
        • Midvale
          • South Mountain
    		Rocks&Min. 47:594 (1972)
    Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.83
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