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Edenite

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Big Photo

Monmouth Township, Haliburton Co., Ontario, Canada
© John Sobolewksi

Show Edenite Photos (28)



Formula:
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:White, grey, pale to ...
Lustre:VitreousHardness:5 - 6
Member of:Calcic Clino-Amphibole Subgroup > Amphibole Group
Name:For the locality at Edenville, Orange Co., New York, USA


Amphibole Group, Calcic Clino-Amphibole Subgroup. Edenite-Parvo-mangano-edenite Series.

Classification of Edenite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.10-90
Strunz 9th edition ID:9.DE.15
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DE.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
E : Inosilicates with 2-periodic double chains, Si4O11; Clinoamphiboles
Dana 8th edition ID:66.1.3a.10

66 : INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2)
1 : Amphiboles - Mg-Fe-Mn-Li subgroup
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.11.12

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
11 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and Mg with or without alkalis
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-1351.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Edenite

Type Locality:Edenville, Town of Warwick, Orange Co., New York, USA
Year of Discovery:1839

Physical Properties of Edenite

Lustre:Vitreous
Colour:White, grey, pale to dark green, also brown and pale pinkish-brown
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 6
Cleavage:Perfect
on {110}

Crystallography of Edenite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 9.83Å, b = 17.95Å, c = 5.3Å
β = 105.18°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.548 : 1 : 0.295
Unit Cell Volume:V 902.55 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Edenite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.606 - 1.649 nβ = 1.617 - 1.660 nγ = 1.631 - 1.672
2V:Measured: 52° to 83°, Calculated: 84° to 90°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.025

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:weak to distinct

Chemical Properties of Edenite

Formula:
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Essential elements:Al, Ca, H, Mg, Na, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ca, H, Mg, Na, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Mn,K,P

Relationship of Edenite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Ferro-edenite (see here)
Forms a series with Parvo-mangano-edenite (see here)
Forms a series with Pargasite (see here)
Member of:Calcic Clino-Amphibole Subgroup > Amphibole Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Barroisite
☐{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Cannilloite
{Ca}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferro-Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferro-aluminotschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferro-edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferro-Ferritschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrobarroisite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrohornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrokaersutite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Ti}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)O
Ferropargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrorichterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrotschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
 
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrowinchite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Fluor-cannilloite
{Ca}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
Fluoro-edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
Fluoro-potassicrichterite
{K}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
Hastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
IMA2009-091
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)F
 
2
Kaersutite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Ti}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)O
Katophorite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Magnesiohastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Magnesiohornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Magnesiokatophorite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Magnesiosadanagaite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Magnesiotaramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Pargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Parvo-manganotremolite
☐{CaMn
2+
 
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Potassic-Ferrisadanagaite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Potassicpargasite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Potassicsadanagaite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Taramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Tremolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Tschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
 
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Winchite
☐{CaNa}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DE.05Anthophyllite
☐{Mg
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Cummingtonite
☐{Mg
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Clinoferroholmquistite
☐{Li
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH,F)
 
2
9.DE.05Grunerite
☐{Fe
2+
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Manganocummingtonite
☐{Mn
2+
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Manganogrunerite
☐{Mn
2+
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Permanganogrunerite
☐{Mn
2+
2
}{Mn
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Fluoro-sodic-ferropedrizite
{Na}{Li
 
2
}{Fe
 
2
Al
 
2
Li}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.05IMA2009-085
{Na}{Na
 
2
}{Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.10Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Alumino-ferro-hornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Alumino-magnesio-hornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Aluminotschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferritschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferro-Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferrohornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferrotschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
 
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Joesmithite
{Pb}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Be
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Magnesiohornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Tremolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Tschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
 
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Cannilloite
{Ca}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Fluor-cannilloite
{Ca}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Parvo-manganotremolite
☐{CaMn
2+
 
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Fluorotremolite
☐Ca
 
2
Mg
 
5
Si
 
8
O
 
22
F
 
2
9.DE.10IMA2009-091
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.15Ferro-edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Ferrokaersutite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Ti}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)O
9.DE.15Ferropargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Hastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Kaersutite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Ti}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)O
9.DE.15Magnesiohastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Magnesiosadanagaite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Pargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Sadanagaite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Fluoro-edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-Ferrisadanagaite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-Magnesiosadanagaite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Potassicpargasite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassicsadanagaite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Fluoro-magnesiohastingsite
[Na][Ca
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
][F
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Ferriwhittakerite
Na(Na
 
1.0-1.5
Li
 
0.5-1.0
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
2
Mg
 
2
Li)Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Ferri-ottoliniite
◻(Na
 
1
Li
 
1
)(Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
)[Si
 
8
O
 
22
](OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Fluoro-potassichastingsite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
][(F,OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Chloro-potassichastingsite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
][(Cl,OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Fluoropargasite
NaCa
 
2
(Mg
 
4
Al)Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Parvo-mangano-edenite
Na[CaMn
2+
 
][Mg
 
5
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Chloro-potassicpargasite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Al][(Cl,OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Chloro-potassic-ferro-edenite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Fe
2+
5
][(Cl,OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Potassic-magnesiohastingsite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Potassic-ferropargasite
KCa
 
2
(Fe
2+
4
Al)Si
 
6
Al
 
2
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Aluminobarroisite
☐[CaNa][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Aluminokatophorite
9.DE.20Aluminotaramite
Na[CaNa][Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Barroisite
☐{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferri-ferrobarroisite
☐[CaNa][Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Ferri-ferrowinchite
☐[CaNa][Fe
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferribarroisite
☐[CaNa][Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Ferritaramite
Na[CaNa][Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Ferrikatophorite
NaCaNaFe
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Alumino-ferrobarroisite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferrobarroisite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferrorichterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferrowinchite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Katophorite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferri-magnesiotaramite
Na[CaNa][Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Magnesiotaramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Taramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Winchite
☐{CaNa}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Alumino-Magnesiotaramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Fluororichterite
Na[CaNa][Mg
 
5
][(F,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Magnesiokatophorite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Fluoro-potassicrichterite
{K}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Potassicrichterite
K[CaNa][Mg
 
5
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Parvowinchite
☐[Mn
2+
 
Na][Mg
 
4
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferriwinchite
☐[CaNa][Mg
 
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Fluoro-alumino-magnesiotaramite
Na[CaNa][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][F
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20IMA2007-015
K[CaNa][Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Arfvedsonite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Eckermannite
[Na][Na
 
2
][(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
4
Al]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferro-eckermannite
[Na][Na
 
2
][(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
4
Al]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferroglaucophane
◻[Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Glaucophane
◻[Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Kornite
[(Na,K)][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Mn
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Kôzulite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mn
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Leakeite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Magnesioriebeckite
◻[Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Magnesio-arfvedsonite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Nybøite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Riebeckite
◻[Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ungarettiite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mn
2+
2
Mn
3+
3
][O
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Ferric-ferronybøite
[Na][Na
 
2
][(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Ferri-clinoferroholmquistite
◻[Li
 
2
][Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferric-nybøite
[Na][Na
 
2
][(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Ferroleakeite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoro-ferroleakeite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Li][(F,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Sodic-ferri-clinoferroholmquistite
☐{Li
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoro-magnesio-arfvedsonite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
][(F,OH)
 
2
|[Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Sodic-ferripedrizite
[Na][Li
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Potassicleakeite
[K][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoronybøite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][(F,OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Dellaventuraite
NaNa
 
2
(MgMn
3+
2
LiTi
4+
 
)Si
 
8
O
 
22
O
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoro-sodicpedrizite
[Na][Li
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
Li][(F,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Potassicarfvedsonite
[(K,Na)][Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Obertiite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
][O
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Fluoro-potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite
[(K,Na)][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
][(F,OH)
 
2
|[Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Sodic-ferri-ferropedrizite
[Na][Li
 
2
][Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite
[K][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Sodicpedrizite
NaLi
 
2
(LiMg
 
2
Fe
3+
 
Al)(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Sodic-ferropedrizite
NaLi
 
2
(LiFe
2+
2
Al)Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Pedrizite
Li
 
2
(Li,Mg,Fe
2+
 
Al)
 
5
Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferropedrizite
NaLi
 
2
[Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
AlLi)Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoro-aluminoleakeite
NaNa
 
2
(Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
Li)(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.25Ferro-obertiite
NaNa
 
2
(Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
 
Ti)Si
 
8
O
 
22
O
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
16.11.1Madisonite
Ca
 
2
Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
13
 or near
16.11.3Alumino-magnesio-hornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.11.4Tschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
 
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.11.5Clintonite
Ca(Mg,Al)
 
3
(Al
 
3
SiO
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
16.11.6Juanite
Ca
 
10
Mg
 
4
Al
 
2
Si
 
11
O
 
39
 · 4H
 
2
O or near
16.11.7Pumpellyite-(Mg)
Ca
 
2
MgAl
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(SiO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
16.11.8Tacharanite
Ca
 
12
Al
 
2
Si
 
18
O
 
51
 · 18H
 
2
O
16.11.9Aluminobarroisite
☐[CaNa][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
16.11.10Alumino-Magnesiotaramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.11.13Pargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.11.14Magnesiokatophorite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.11.15Beidellite
(Na,Ca
 
0.5
)
 
0.3
Al
 
2
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
16.11.15Magnesiosadanagaite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
16.11.16Sadanagaite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2

Other Names for Edenite

Synonyms:
Edenitic hornblendeSilicic edenite
Other Languages:
German:Edenit
Russian:Эденит
Simplified Chinese:浅闪石
Spanish:Edenita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Edenite

Reference List:

- +
Mineralogical Record: 29: 169-174.

Hawthorne, Frank C., and Roberta Oberti (2006), On the classification of amphiboles: Canadian Mineralogist:
44(1): 1-21.

Ishida, K. and Hawthorne, F.C. (2006) Assignment of infrared OH-stretching bands in calcic amphiboles through deuteration and heat treatment. American Mineralogist: 91: 871-879.

Internet Links for Edenite

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    • Localities for Edenite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
    AmMin 36:361-367
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Collingwood River
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
      • Huon district
    		No reference listed
      • Waterhouse district
    		Everard, J.L., Sutherland, F.L. and Zwingmann, H., 2004a. A Cretaceous phonolite dyke from the Tomahawk River, Northeast Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 138, 11-33.
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Drosendorf-Zissersdorf
          • Pingendorf
    		Götzinger, M. A., Beran, A. & Libowitzky, E. (1994): Exkursion A: Mineralvorkommen und Lagerstätten im östlichen Waldviertel. Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 139, 389-405.
    Brazil
     
    • Paraíba
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Catingueira
    		Souza Neto, J.A., Legrand, J.M., Volfinger, M., Pascal, M.-L., and Sonnet, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 185-205.
    Burma (Myanmar)
     
    • Mandalay Division
      • Sagaing District
        • Mogok
    		Themelis, Ted, 2008, Gems and Mines of Mogok.
        • Pein Pyit (Painpyit)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, Sieghard Ellenberger material
    Cameroon
     
    • North-West Region
      • Nkambe
    		Tetsopgang, S., Koyanagi, J., Enami, M., and Kihara, K. (2003): Mineralogical Magazine 67(3), 509-516.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Algoma District
        • Chabanel Township
    		www.venuewest.com/8IKC/s1post.htm.
      • Haliburton Co.
        • Monmouth Township
          • Tory Hill
    Harvard Museum specimen no. 119146
    collected at location & identified by other mindat members.
      • Hastings Co.
        • Monteagle Township
    		No reference listed
      • Renfrew Co.
    		RRUFF Project Specimen ID: R060029
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		Currie (1980)
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Can Min 32:843-854(1994)
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Anqing Prefecture
        • Taihu Co.
          • Lake Hualiangting
    		Franz, L., Romer, R.L., Klemd, R., Schmid, R., Oberhänsli, R., Wagner, T., and Dong Shuwen (2001): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 141, 322-346.
    • Hainan Province (Hainan Island)
      • Tunchang Co.
    		Deru Xu, Bin Xia, Bakun-Czubarow, N., Chi Ma, Pengchun Li, Bachlinski, R., and Guanghao Chen (2006): Acta Petrologica Sinica 22(12), 2987-3006
    • Henan Province
      • Xinyang Prefecture
        • Luoshan Co.
          • Sujiahe
    		Ratschbacher, L., Franz, L., Enkelmann, E., Jonckheere, R., Pörschke, A., Hacker, B.R., Dong, S., and Zhang, Y. (2006), In: Hacker, B.R., McClelland, W.C., and Liou, J.G. (eds.): Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism: Deep continental subduction. Geological Society of America Special Paper 403, 45–75.
    • Jiangsu Province
      • Lianyungang Prefecture
        • Donghai Co.
          • Zhimafang
    		Am. Min. , V 88, pp. 180-188, 2003.
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Fuzhou Prefecture
        • Chongren Co.
    		Yaohui Jiang, Hongfei Ling, Shaoyong Jiang, Honghai Fan, Weizhou Shen, and Pei Ni (2005): Journal of Petrology 46(6), 1-34.
    Cuba
     
    • Pinar del Río Province
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		Houzar, S. & Novák, M. (2006): Clintonite-bearing assemblages in chondrodite marbles from the contact aureole of the Trebic Pluton, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 51, 249-258. [http://www.jgeosci.org/content/JCGS2006_3-4__houzar.pdf]
    Egypt
     
    • Red Sea Governorate
      • Eastern Desert
    		Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84.
    Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84.
    Finland
     
    • Oulun (Oulu) Lääni
      • Kuhmo
    		S. Blais and B. Auvray, Bull. Minéralo. , 1987, 110, pp. 73-92.
        • Siivikkovaara
    		S. Blais and B. Auvray, Bull. Minéralo. , 1987, 110, pp. 73-92.
    France
     
    • Aquitaine
      • Landes
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Auvergne
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Monts-Dore massif
          • Chastreix
    		Gourgaud A. (1985) Mélanges de magmas dans les séries alcalines et calco-alcalines : leur role dans la genèse des laves intermédiaires et leur influences sur les mécanismes éruptifs. PhD thesis, Clermont-Ferrand, 522 pp.
    • Brittany
      • Finistère
        • Lesneven
    		Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 683-696.
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Tarn
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 879-891.
    French West Indies
     
    • Martinique
    		Ph. D'arco, J. Cotten, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 153-159.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Canavese District
          • Chiusella Valley
            • Traversella
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, (10), 1-54.
            • Vico Canavese
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Viù Valley
              • Viù
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Susa Valley
          • Oulx
            • Signols
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido
      • Sorachi Province
    		Ishizuka (1980) Ganseki-Koubutsu-Koshogaku Zasshi, 75, 372-377.
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Niigata Prefecture
          • Itoigawa City
    		Jan Bernard and Jaroslav Hyrsl (2004) Minerals and their Localities. (Granit s.r.o., Prague)
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Vakinankaratra Region
    		Lefevre, M. & Thomas, L. (1998): Les pegmatites de la vallée de la Sahatany, Madagascar. Le Règne Minéral no 19, 15-28
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Horombe Region
        • Ihosy District
    		A.Lacroix (1941): Les gisement de phlogopite de Madagascar et les pyroxenites qui les renferment, Tananarive
    Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270.
      • Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region
        • Mananjary District
          • Mananjary emerald District
    		http://www.the-conference.com/JConfAbs/6/OS06.pdf
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Anosy (Fort Dauphin) Region
        • Betroka District
    		Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270.
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Bay of Plenty
        • Rotorua
          • Mt. Ngongotaha
    		Martin Stolworthy Collection
    • South Island
      • Canterbury
        • Banks Peninsula
    		CanMin 38:191-216
    Norway
     
    • Finnmark
      • Hasvik
    		Bøe, P. (2001): Geologi og mineralogi på Sørøya i Finnmark. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 18, 23-29
    http://www.hasvik.kommune.no/geologi-og-mineralogi-paa-soeroeya-i-finnmark.246319-37123.html
    • Nordland
      • Lofoten
        • Flakstad
          • Flakstadøy Island
    		K. Kullerud, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 355-370.
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Tvedalen
    		Larsen,A.O.(1998): "Revisjon av nomenklatur for de sorte amfibolene fra Oslofeltets syenittpegmatitter". Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 14,9 (in norwegian)
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Ilmen Mts
            • Ilmen Natural Reserve
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Saint Kitts and Nevis
     
    Ph. D'arco, J. Cotten, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 153-159.
    Saint Lucia
     
    Ph. D'arco, J. Cotten, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 153-159.
    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
     
    Ph. D'arco, J. Cotten, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 153-159.
    Slovakia
     
    • Bratislava Region
      • Pezinok Co.
        • Pezinok
    		- Uher P., Kováčik M., Kubiš M., Shtukenberg A., Ozdín D., 2008: Metamorphic vanadian-chromian silicate mineralization in carbon-rich amphibole schists from the Malé Karpaty Mountains, Western Carpathians, Slovakia. American Mineralogist, 93, 1, 63-73.
    • Košice Region
      • Rožňava Co.
        • Dobšiná (Dobschau) Mining District
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Slovenia
     
    Dobnikar, M., Fioretti, A.M., Bellieni, G. and Dolenec, T. (2002): Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2002, A188
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Joongwon-gun
          • Mt. Eorae
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Huelva
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 961-970.
    • Canary Islands
      • Las Palmas Province
        • Gran Canaria (Grand Canary)
    		H.U. Schmincke and M. Sumita : "Tephra Event Stratigraphy and Emplacement of Volcanoclastic Sediments, Mogan and Fataga Stratigraphic Intervals, Part II : Origin and Emplacement of Volcanoclastic Layers", LEG 157—SCIENTIFIC RESULTS (ISSN: 1096-7451), Gran Canaria and Madeira Abyssal Plain, Sites 950-956, http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/157_SR/Abstract/15.HTM
    • Cantabria
      • Santander
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    Sweden
     
    • Lappland
      • Vittangi
    		IMA 18th General Meeting, Programme with Abstracts, 266
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 263.
    • Uri
      • Maderanertal
        • Brunni Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 148.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Merseyside
        • Wirral
    		BMS Database
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		No reference listed
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 211; Graeme, R. (1981), Famous mineral localities: Bisbee, AZ, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
    • Arkansas
    		Howard, 1987. Mineral Species of Arkansas, addenda
        • Little Rock
    • California
      • Plumas Co.
        • Edmanton District (Meadow Valley District)
          • Meadow Valley
    		Andrew Lawson Univ. California, Dep. Geol. Bull. 3 (1903)219-229
    Lawson, Andrew Cowper (1903), Plumasite, an oligoclase corundum rock, near Spanish Peak, California: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 3: 219, 225; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 401.
    • Colorado
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Dorchester District
          • Taylor Park
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Jackson Co.
        • Pearl District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Bergen Park area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Maine
      • Washington Co.
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V 1, p.113
    • Michigan
      • Dickinson Co.
        • Hardwood - Foster City
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Rocks & Min.: 21:760-761.
    Betancourt, P.P. (The Picking Table, Vol. 27(2):2-10.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Palache(1935):72.
    Dunn(1995):Pt3:454.
        • Hardyston Township
          • Rudeville
    		Rocks & Min.: 21:416, 576-577.
        • Sparta Township
        • Vernon Township
          • McAfee
    		Zodac, P. (1946b), Rocks & Min.: 21:416-417.
    • New York
      • Essex Co.
    		USGS Open File report 2010-5220
          • Moriah Township
    		GSA Abstracts with Programs 35(6):231 (2003)
        • Newcomb Township
    		George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.
      • Orange Co.
        • Town of Warwick
    		American Mineralogist, 63, pp. 1023-1052 (1978)
    George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.
          • Pine Island
    		Rocks & Min.: 15: 162-164.; Rocks & Minerals 82:472-483
      • Putnam Co.
        • Philipstown Township
          • Anthony's Nose
    		Marian Lupulescu analyses, New York State Museum
    http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003NE/finalprogram/abstract_51113.htm
    • North Carolina
      • Clay Co.
    		Michael Streeter,2003,A Rockhounding Guide to North Carolinas Blue Ridge Mountains; GEORGIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Volume 56 1998 Number 1
    • Vermont
      • Orleans & Lamoille Cos.
        • Lowell & Eden
    		Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.
      • Rutland Co.
        • Shrewsbury
    		Eby, G. N. and McHone, J. G. (1997) Plutonic and hypabyssal intrusions of the Early CretaceousCuttingsville Complex, Vermont.
      • Windsor Co.
    		American Mineralogist 76:218-229, (1991).
    • Washington
      • Chelan Co.
        • Railroad Creek District
          • Railroad Creek
            • Holden Village
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.45,84
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