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Emerald

This page kindly sponsored by The Mineral Gallery - Kevin Ward
Big Photo

Boyacá Department, Colombia
© FotoWeb

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System:Hexagonal
A variety of Beryl

A green gem variety of Beryl, highly sought after as a precious gem stone. The majority of the world's gem quality Emeralds come from the Muzo area of Colombia.

The colour in Emerald is caused by trace amounts of a chromophore such as Chromium or Vanadium.

Classification of Emerald

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Crystallography of Emerald

Crystal System:Hexagonal

Other Names for Emerald

Synonyms:
Agee
Other Languages:
Arabic:زمرد
Bulgarian:Изумруд
Catalan:Maragda
Czech:Smaragd
Danish:Smaragd
Dutch:Smaragd
Esperanto:Smeraldo
Finnish:Smaragdi
French:Émeraude
German:Smaragd
Indonesian:Zamrud
Italian:Smeraldo
Japanese:エメラルド
Lithuanian:Smaragdas
Norwegian (Bokmål):Smaragd
Polish:Szmaragd
Portuguese:Esmeralda
Romanian:Smarald
Russian:Изумруд
Serbian (Cyrillic Script):Смарагд
Simplified Chinese:绿宝石
祖母绿
Slovak:Smaragd
Slovenian:Smaragd
Spanish:Esmeralda
Swedish:Smaragd
Thai:มรกต
Vietnamese:Ngọc lục bảo

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Emerald

Reference List:

- +
Sinkankas (1981) "Emeralds and other Beryls".

Extra Lapis English No. 2 "Emeralds of the world"

Extra Lapis No. 22 (in German)

Ringsrud, R. (2009): Emeralds, a passionate guide. Green View Press, 250 pp.

Mindat.org articles about Emerald

Article entries:
Emeralds of the Old Plantation Mine, Shelby, North CarolinaDaniel Russell
Habach valley collectingHarjo Neutkens

Best Localities for Emerald

Best of Species:Emerald

Internet Links for Emerald

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    • Localities for Emerald

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Badakhshan Province (Badakshan Province; Badahsan Province)
      • Jurm District
    		Rob Lavinsky
    • Konar Province (Kunar Province; Konarh Province; Konarha Province; Nuristan)
      • Narang District
    		Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110
    • Laghman Province (Lagman Province; Nuristan)
      • Dawlat Shah District
    		Shigley, J.E., Laurs, B.M., Janse, A.J.A., Elen, S., and Dirlam, D.M. (2010): Gems & Gemmology 46(3), 188-216
    • Nuristan Province (Nurestan Province; Nooristan Province; Nuristan)
      • Nurgaram District
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    • Panjsher Province (Panjsheer Province; Panjshir Province; Panjsher Valley; Panjshir Valley)
      • Bazarak District
    		Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110
    Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp61-62 ; Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110
    Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110
    Sabot B, Cheilletz A, de Donato P, Banks D, Levresse G, Barrès O, 2000. Afghan emeralds face Colombian cousins. Chronique de la Recherche Minière, 541, 111-114.
    Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110
    Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110
      • Khinj District
    		Orris, G.J., and Bliss, J.D. (2002): Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-110
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Arrawatta Co.
    		R.E Brown and W.J Stroud, Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets, 1997.
      • Clive Co.
        • Torrington
    		Personal collection
          • Fielder's Hill
      • Gough Co.
        • Emmaville (Vegetable Creek)
    		Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-10, SH/56-11), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales.
    Buchester K.J. (1972) A Treasury of Australian Gemstones
    Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-10, SH/56-11), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales.
        • Strathbogie
    		R.E Brown and W.J Stroud, Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets, 1997.
        • Torrington district
    		Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-10, SH/56-11), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales
    Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-10, SH/56-11), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales
    H.F. Henley et al. Grafton-MacLean 1:250 000 Metallogenic Map and Mineral Deposit Data sheets, 2001
    Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-10, SH/56-11), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales
    Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-10, SH/56-11), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales.
    Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-10, SH/56-11), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales.
      • Selwyn Co.
        • Tumbarumba
    		Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets, 1982
    • Tasmania
      • St Helens district
    		Bottrill, R.S. & Baker, W.E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Bull. 73. Minerals Resources Tasmania
    • Western Australia
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Coolgardie
          • Bullabulling
    		Min News 21:7 p 8
      • Cue Shire
        • Cue
          • Poona
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
      • Menzies Shire
        • Menzies
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
      • Pilbara Region
        • Wodgina
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Felben valley
          • Scheelite deposit
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
        • Habach valley
          • Breitfuß - Großer Finagl area
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
          • Nasenkopf
            • Leckbachgraben (Leckbachrinne)
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Harjo Neutkens collection
        • Hollersbach valley
          • Scharnbachgraben
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
        • Untersulzbach valley
          • Ascham Alp - Breitfuß - Sonntagskopf area
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    G. Grundmann et al.: Lapis 16(2):37-45 (1991)
    Brazil
     
    • Bahia
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
      • Brumado (Bom Jesus dos Meiras)
        • Serra das Éguas
    		Rob Lavinsky.
    Cassedanne, J.P. & Cassedanne, J.O. (1978): Famous mineral localities: The Brumado district, Bahia , Brazil. Mineralogical Record 9 : 196-205
    [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
      • Campo Formoso ultramafic complex
        • Campo Formoso
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
        • Pindobaçu
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
      • Pilão Arcado
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    • Ceará
      • Tauá
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    • Goiás
      • Pirenópolis
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
      • Santa Terezinha de Goiás District
        • Campos Verdes
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    • Minas Gerais
      • Antônio Dias
        • Hematita
      • Conceição do Mato Dentro
        • São José de Brejaúba (São José de Bryamba)
    		Guimar˜aes, C.P. (1941) Djalmaite, a new radioactive mineral. Amer. Mineral., 26, 343–346.
      • Iron Quadrangle
        • Itabira
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Kanis, J. (2002): Piteiras, Brasilien: Erfolgreiche Smaragdsuche mit modernsten Methoden. Lapis 27 (3), 13-18
    Da Silva Lopes, P.H., Cesar-Mendes, J., Roeser, H. (2008): Ein neues Smaragdvorkommen in Brasilien – Die Rocha Mineracao Mine in Minas Gerais, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 59, 301-315
        • Nova Era
    		Morteani, G., Preinfalk, C., and Horn, A.H. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 638-655.
    Groat, L.A., Giuliani, G., Marshall, D.D., and Turner, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 87-112.
    • Rio Grande do Norte
    • Tocantins
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Bulgaria
     
    • Rila Mts
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1283–1286, 2009
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Skeena Mining Division
        • Stewart
    		Can.Rockhound v.3, no.1
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
        • Mackenzie Mts
    		Mercier, M. et al (2008) 35th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Abstracts of contributed papers, 15.
      • Tungsten
    		Groat, L.A., Giuliani, G., Marshall, D.D., and Turner, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 87-112.
    • Ontario
      • Kenora District
        • Brownridge Township
    		CanRockhound Vol.7, No. 2 (2003)
        • Dryden
    		Groat, L.A., Giuliani, G., Marshall, D.D., and Turner, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 87-112.
    • Yukon Territory
      • Watson Lake Mining District
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    China
     
    • Hunan Province
      • Yueyang Prefecture
        • Pingjiang Co.
    		No reference listed
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Kashi (Kashgar; Qeshqer) Prefecture
        • Tashiku'ergan (Taxkorgan; Tashqurqan) Co.
    		Blauwet, D., Quinn, E.P., and Muhlmeister, S. (2005): Gems and Gemology 41, 56–57
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Aletai (Altay) Prefecture
          • Fuhai (Burultokay) Co.
    		Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
          • Qinghe (Qinggil; Chinggil) Co.
    		Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
    • Yunnan Province
      • Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Malipo Co.
    		Ottens, B. (2006): Lapis 31(4), 13-20; Xue, G., Marshall, D., Zhang, S., Ullrich, T.D., Bishop, T., Groat, L.A., Thorkelson, D.J., Giuliani, G., and Fallick, A.E. (2010): Economic Geology 105, 339-349
    Colombia
     
    • Boyacá Department
      • Guavió-Guatéque Mining District
        • Mun. de Chivor
    		Banks, D.A., Giuliani, G., Yardley, B.W.D., and Cheilletz, A. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 699-713.
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp36-45
    Banks, D.A., Giuliani, G., Yardley, B.W.D., and Cheilletz, A. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 699-713.
        • Mun. de Macanal
    		Banks, D.A., Giuliani, G., Yardley, B.W.D., and Cheilletz, A. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 699-713.
      • Vasquez-Yacopí Mining District
        • Mun. de Maripí
          • La Pita
    		Jordi Fabre
    Kevin Ward - The Mineral Gallery
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp36-45
        • Mun. de Muzo
    		Banks, D.A., Giuliani, G., Yardley, B.W.D., and Cheilletz, A. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 699-713.
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp36-45
    Min.Rec.:20(5):394.
    Banks, D.A., Giuliani, G., Yardley, B.W.D., and Cheilletz, A. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 699-713.
    Banks, D.A., Giuliani, G., Yardley, B.W.D., and Cheilletz, A. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 699-713.
        • Mun. de Otanche
          • La Glorieta
    		Banks, D.A., Giuliani, G., Yardley, B.W.D., and Cheilletz, A. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 699-713.
        • Mun. de San Pablo de Borbur
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection; Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002, 36-45
    • Cundinamarca Department
      • Guavió-Guatéque Mining District
    		Groat, L.A., Giuliani, G., Marshall, D.D., and Turner, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 87-112.
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp36-45
        • Mun. de Ubalá
    		Emerald and Other Beryls, John Sinkankas p426
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Liberec Region
        • Jizerské Mts (Iser Mts)
    		geological prospecting, 2008 - 2009, Czech geological Organization
      • South Bohemia Region
        • Písek
    Egypt
     
    • Red Sea Governorate
      • Eastern Desert
        • Sikait-Zabara region
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Ethiopia
     
    • Sidamo-Borana Province
      • Kenticha pegmatite field
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    France
     
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Limoges
    		http://pujol.chez.tiscali.fr/ident/beryl.html
    • Lower Normandy
      • Orne
        • Alençon
    		http://www.arehn.asso.fr/centredoc/livres/deboodt/complement.php
    Germany
     
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Kiel
        • Schönberg in Holstein
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    India
     
    • Rajasthan (Rajputana)
      • Ajmer Division
        • Ajmer District
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    • Tamil Nadu
      • Salem District
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Vigezzo Valley
            • Trontano
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
            • San Piero in Campo
    		P. Orlandi, F. Pezzotta (1996) - Minerali dell’Isola d’Elba - Ed. Novecento Grafico, Bergamo, 245 pp.
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Stazzema
            • Ponte Stazzemese
    		Duchi G., Franzini M., Giamello M., Orlandi P., Riccobono F., 1993. The iron-rich beryls of Alpi Apuane. Mineralogy, chemistry and fluid inclusion. N. Jb. Mineral. Mh.: 193-207
            • Sant'Anna di Stazzema
    		Duchi G., Franzini M., Giamello M., Orlandi P., Riccobono F., 1993. The iron-rich beryls of Alpi Apuane. Mineralogy, chemistry and fluid inclusion. N. Jb. Mineral. Mh.: 193-207
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
    		Gavrilenko et al. (2006): Emeralds from the Delbegetey deposit (Kazakhstan): mineralogical characteristics and fluid-inclusion study. Mineral. Mag., 70, 159-173.
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
    		Gavrilenko et al. (2006): Emeralds from the Delbegetey deposit (Kazakhstan): mineralogical characteristics and fluid-inclusion study. Mineral. Mag., 70, 159-173. ; Groat, L.A., Giuliani, G., Marshall, D.D., and Turner, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 87-112.
    Madagascar
     
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region
        • Mananjary District
    		Grundmann, G. (2001): Die Smaragde der Welt. ExtraLapis 21: 26-37 [german version]
            • North Zone
    		Kanis, J. & Schwartz, D. (2001): Smaragde aus Afrika. ExtraLapis no. 21, p.62 [in german]
    Grundmann, G. (2001): Die Smaragde der Welt. ExtraLapis 21: 26-37 [german version] ; Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Grundmann, G. (2001): Die Smaragde der Welt. ExtraLapis 21: 26-37 [german version] ; Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
            • South Zone
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Kanis, J. & Schwartz, D. (2001): Smaragde aus Afrika. ExtraLapis no. 21, p.62 [in german]
    Vapnik, Ye., Moroz, I. Roth, M. and Eliezri, I. (2006): Formation of emeralds at pegmatite-ultramafic contacts based on fluid inclusions in Kianjavato emerald, Mananjary deposits, Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine 70: 141-158
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    • Mahajanga (Majunga) Province
      • Betsiboka Region
        • Tsaratanàna District
          • Andriamena Commune
    		Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Southwestern Region
        • Benenitra District
          • Ianapera Commune
    		Marchand, P.(1995): Situation géologique des émeraudes de Ianapera, province de Tuléar (Madagascar. Revue de Gemmologie AFG. 124:13–16
    Mozambique
     
    • Zambezia Province
      • Alto Ligonha District
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35;Schappmann, J. (2005): Die gruben Morrua, Marropino und Maria III in der Pegmatitregion Alto Ligonha im Norden von Mozambique. Mineralien-Welt 16 (2): 34-46
      • Gité
    		Groat, L.A., Giuliani, G., Marshall, D.D., and Turner, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 87-112.
    Groat, L.A., Giuliani, G., Marshall, D.D., and Turner, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 87-112.
      • Uape
    Namibia
     
    • Hardap Region
      • Maltahöhe District
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Nigeria
     
    • Kaduna State
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
      • Nandu Village
    		Labeled Emerald specimen from the Nandu mine is in the Mario Pauwels collection
    • Nassarawa (Nasarawa) State
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp52-59
    • Plateau State
    		Groat, L.A., Giuliani, G., Marshall, D.D., and Turner, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 87-112.
    Norway
     
    • Akershus
      • Eidsvoll (Eidsvold)
        • Minnesund
    		Nordrum, F.S., Raade, G. (2006): The emerald deposit at Byrud, Eidsvoll, S. Norway. Norsk Bergverkmuseums Skrift. 30, 9-16
    • Nordland
      • Bodø
    		Kristiansen, R. (1999): Berylliummineraler i Norge. STEIN 26 (2),8-23
    Pakistan
     
    • Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)
      • Bajaur Agency
    		[Emeralds of the World - extraLapis nr2 - p24]
      • Mohmand Agency
        • Ganadao
    		[Emeralds of the World - p24 English extraLapis Vol2 2002]
    • Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas)
      • Baltistan
        • Skardu District
          • Basha Valley (Basha Nala; Basna)
    		Ikram Mineralogy
      • Gilgit District
        • Haramosh Mts.
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    • Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North-West Frontier Province)
      • Malakand Region
        • Swat District (Swat Valley)
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    [Emeralds of the World - p24 English extraLapis Vol2 2002]; Econ Geol (1986) 81:2022-2028
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:2022-2028
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:2022-2028
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:2022-2028
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:2022-2028
    Zarek Rocks
    Peru
     
    • Cuzco Department
      • Chuquibamba (Janac Chuquibamba)
    		Petersen, G.G. (1970) Minería y metalurgía en el antiguo Peru. Arqueologicas, 12 140pp. (Museo Nacional de Antropologia y Arqueologia, Lima)
    Portugal
     
    • Viana do Castelo District
      • Ponte de Lima
        • Estorãos
    		Pedro Alves collection. Hydrothermal tungstates from Serra de Arga, North Portugal - Their relation with Be mineralizations. VIII CIGEOQ. 2011 C. Leal Gomes, P. Alves, P. Dias, R. Alves, G. Verduzco
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
            • Malyshevo
              • Tokovaya river (Tokovaia river)
    		http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/1994/9434094.pdf; Dan Weinrich
    Dan Weinrich
    Somaliland
     
    • Hargeisa (Hargeysa)
      • Borama District
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Murchison Range
        • Gravelotte
          • Gravelotte Emerald Mine
    		Minerals of South Africa
          • Willie Farm 787 LT
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Werner, A.B.T., Sinclair, W.D., and Amey, E.B. (1998): US Geological Survey Circular 930-O.
    • Northwest Province
      • Schweizer-Reneke
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Galicia
      • Pontevedra
        • A Cañiza
    		[MinRecord 28:497]
    Sri Lanka
     
    • Sabaragamuwa Province
      • Ratnapura District
        • Ratnapura
    		Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002)
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Binn Valley
    		Schweizer Strahler 2003 Nr. 4
    Tanzania
     
    • Arusha Region
      • Dumbawanga District
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp52-59
      • Lake Manyara
    		Journal of Gemology, Volume 26, No. 2 - Mineral Inclusions in Emeralds from Different Sources
    • Rukwa Region
      • Sumbawanga District
    USA
     
    • California
      • Trinity Co.
        • Coffee District (Coffee Creek District)
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 104.
    • Connecticut
      • Fairfield Co.
    		www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com
    • Montana
    		Christopher N. Wentzell; 'Sinkankas, John (1997) Gemstones of North America, Vol 3 (Geoscience Press, Yucson AZ); page 47.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Sinkankas, John (1997) Gemstones of North America, Vol 3 (Geoscience Press, Tucson AZ); page 47.
    • Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Rye Patch District
    		MacFall, 1951. Gem Hunter's Guide, 1st ed.
    • North Carolina
      • Alexander Co.
    		USGS , Mineral Resources On-Line Spatial Data, 2005; Mineralogical Record (2002) 33:263
    U.S Bureau of Mines/Spatial Data from the Minerals System/Mineral Industry Location System (Mars/Mils)CD-Rom,Sep,1995
        • Hiddenite
    		Rocks & Min.:60:84.
    Rocks & Min.: 60: 65.; Rocks & Min. (2007) 82:243
    Kunz, G. F. 1907. History of the Gems found in North Carolina: Beryl Gems and Spodumene (Hiddenite). North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey, Bulletin No. 12. Chapter 6, pages 37-48.
    Mineral Commodity Files ,Asheville Regional Office , North Carolina Geological Survey
    Mineral Commodity Files, Asheville Regional Office, North Carolina Geological Survey
      • Burke Co.
        • South Mountain District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Clay Co.
        • Buck Creek
    		Mineral Commodity Files, Asheville Regional Office, North Carolina Geological Survey
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Lawndale
    		MacFall, 1951. Gem Hunter's Guide, 1st ed.; :American Mineralogist,Vol.18,No.4,April,1933 pp 148-159; USGS Bull 1042G
        • Shelby
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:88.
      • Gaston Co.
    		Mineral Commodity Files,Asheville Regional Office,North Carolina Geological Survey
    Mineral Commodity Files,Asheville Regional Office,North Carolina Geological Survey
    Mineral Commodity Files,Asheville Regional Office,North Carolina Geological Survey
      • Mitchell Co.
        • Spruce Pine District
          • Spruce Pine
    		Rocks & Min.:60:92.; American Mineralogist,Vol.18,No.4,April,1933 pp 148-159
      • Swain Co.
    		Mineral Commodity Files,Asheville Regional Office,North Carolina Geological Survey
        • Bryson City Feldspar District
    		Mineral Commodity Files,Asheville Regional Office,North Carolina Geological Survey
    Mineral Commodity Files,Asheville Regional Office,North Carolina Geological Survey
    Mineral Commodity Files,Asheville Regional Office,North Carolina Geological Survey
    • South Carolina
    		Gems and Minerals of America-Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
    Zambia
     
    • Copperbelt Province
      • Ndola
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Behling, S. & Wilson, W.E. (2010) The Kagem Emerald Mine, Kafubu Area, Zambia. Mineralogical Record, 41: 59-67
    Collection of Martin Slama
    Collection of Martin Slama
    Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Manicaland
      • Buhera
    		Van King
    Van King
    Van King
    • Mashonaland West
    • Masvingo District
      • Bikita
      • Masvingo (Fort Victoria)
    • Matabeleland South
      • Mweza Range (Wedja)
        • Sandawana-Belingwe District
    		Mining Annual Review (1985): 427.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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