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Epistilbite

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Puu o Ehu Quarry, Kailua, Oahu Island, Honolulu Co., Hawaii, USA
© DM 06

Show Epistilbite Photos (75)
Formula:
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
·5H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Colorless, white, ...
Hardness:4
Name:From the greek for near and stilbite
Dimorph of:Goosecreekite


Zeolite Group.

Classification of Epistilbite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/J.22-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.GD.45

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
D : Chains of 6-membered rings – tabular zeolites
Dana 8th edition ID:77.1.6.2

77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.9.26

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
9 : Aluminosilicates of Ca
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Type Occurrence of Epistilbite

Co-type Localities:Teigarhorn, Berufjördur, Suður-Múlasýsla, Iceland
Breiðdalur- Berufjörður area, Suður-Múlasýsla, Iceland
Year of Discovery:1826

Occurrences of Epistilbite

Geological Setting:Cavities in basalts and gneisses

Physical Properties of Epistilbite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Colorless, white, pinkish, yellowish
Streak:white
Hardness (Mohs):4
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {010}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):2.22 - 2.28 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.266 g/cm3

Crystallography of Epistilbite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 9.08Å, b = 17.74Å, c = 10.25Å
β = 124.5°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.512 : 1 : 0.578
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,360.68 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:3
Morphology:Crystals prismatic; spherulitic, sheaflike aggregates
Twinning:Always on {100}, {110} penetration crosses
Crystal Atlas:
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Epistilbite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Epistilbite no.3 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Epistilbite no.11 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Epistilbite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Optical Data of Epistilbite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.502 nβ = 1.510 nγ = 1.512
2V:Measured: 44° , Calculated: 52°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.010

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low
Dispersion:r < v strong

Chemical Properties of Epistilbite

Formula:
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
·5H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, Ca, H, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ca, H, O, Si
Common Impurities:Fe,Mg,Na,K

Relationship of Epistilbite to other Species

Member of Group:
Zeolite Group:
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.GD.05Gmelinite-Ca
(Ca,Na
 
2
)[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
] · 6H
 
2
O
9.GD.05Gmelinite-K
(K
 
2
,Na
 
2
,Ca)[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
] · 6H
 
2
O
9.GD.05Gmelinite-Na
(Na
 
2
,Ca)[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
] · 6H
 
2
O
9.GD.10Willhendersonite
KCa[Al
 
3
Si
 
3
O
 
12
] · 5H
 
2
O
9.GD.10Chabazite-Ca
(Ca,K
 
2
,Na
 
2
)
 
2
[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
9.GD.10Chabazite-K
(K
 
2
,Ca,Na
 
2
,Sr,Mg)
 
2
[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
9.GD.10Chabazite-Na
(Na
 
2
,K
 
2
,Ca,Sr,Mg)
 
2
[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
9.GD.10Chabazite-Sr
Sr
 
2
[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
9.GD.15Lévyne-Ca
(Ca,Na
 
2
,K
 
2
)[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
] · 6H
 
2
O
9.GD.15Lévyne-Na
(Na
 
2
,Ca,K
 
2
)[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
] · 6H
 
2
O
9.GD.20Bellbergite
(K,Ba,Sr)
 
2
Sr
 
2
Ca
 
2
(Ca,Na)
 
4
[Al
 
3
Si
 
3
O
 
12
]
 
6
 · 30H
 
2
O
9.GD.20Erionite-Ca
(Ca,K
 
2
,Na
 
2
)
 
2
[Al
 
4
Si
 
14
O
 
36
] · 15H
 
2
O
9.GD.20Erionite-K
(K
 
2
,Ca,Na
 
2
)
 
2
[Al
 
4
Si
 
14
O
 
36
] · 15H
 
2
O
9.GD.20Erionite-Na
(Na
 
2
,K
 
2
,Ca)
 
2
[Al
 
4
Si
 
14
O
 
36
] · 15H
 
2
O
9.GD.25Offretite
KCaMgAl
 
5
Si
 
13
O
 
36
·16H
 
2
O or near
9.GD.25Wenkite
(Ba,K)
 
4
(Ca,Na)
 
6
[(SO
 
4
)
 
3
|(Si,Al)
 
20
O
 
39
(OH)
 
2
] · 0.5H
 
2
O
9.GD.30Faujasite-Ca
(Ca,Na
 
2
,Mg)
 
3.5
[Al
 
7
Si
 
17
O
 
48
] · 32H
 
2
O
9.GD.30Faujasite-Mg
(Mg,Na
 
2
,Ca)
 
3.5
[Al
 
7
Si
 
17
O
 
48
] · 32H
 
2
O
9.GD.30Faujasite-Na
(Na
 
2
,Ca,Mg)
 
3.5
[Al
 
7
Si
 
17
O
 
48
] · 32H
 
2
O
9.GD.35Maricopaite
Pb
 
7
Ca
 
2
(Si,Al)
 
48
O
 
100
·32H
 
2
O
9.GD.35Mordenite
(Na
 
2
,Ca,K
 
2
)Al
 
2
Si
 
10
O
 
24
·7H
 
2
O
9.GD.40Dachiardite-Ca
(Ca,Na
 
2
,K
 
2
)
 
5
Al
 
10
Si
 
38
O
 
96
·25H
 
2
O
9.GD.40Dachiardite-Na
(Na
 
2
,Ca,K
 
2
)
 
5
Al
 
10
Si
 
38
O
 
96
·25H
 
2
O
9.GD.50Ferrierite-K
(K
 
2
,Na
 
2
,Mg,Ca)
 
3-5
Mg[Al
 
5-7
Si
 
27.5-31
O
 
72
]·18H
 
2
O
9.GD.50Ferrierite-Mg
(Mg,Na
 
2
,K
 
2
,Ca)
 
3-5
Mg[Al
 
5-7
Si
 
27.5-31
O
 
72
]·18H
 
2
O
9.GD.50Ferrierite-Na
(Na
 
2
,K
 
2
,Mg,Ca)
 
3-5
Mg[Al
 
5-7
Si
 
27.5-31
O
 
72
]·18H
 
2
O
9.GD.55Bikitaite
LiAlSi
 
2
O
 
6
·H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
16.9.1Gehlenite
Ca
 
2
Al[AlSiO
 
7
]
16.9.2Anorthite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
16.9.3Yoshiokaite
(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)O
 
4
]
16.9.4Svyatoslavite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
16.9.5Dmisteinbergite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
16.9.6Grossular
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
16.9.7Vuagnatite
CaAl[OH|SiO
 
4
]
16.9.8Zoisite
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
3
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
16.9.9Clinozoisite
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
3
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
16.9.10Prehnite
Ca
 
2
Al
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
12
(OH)
16.9.11Kamaishilite
Ca
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
SiO
 
6
]
16.9.12Bicchulite
Ca
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
SiO
 
6
]
16.9.13Margarite
CaAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
]
16.9.14Chantalite
CaAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
4
|SiO
 
4
]
16.9.15Cebollite
Ca
 
5
Al
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
12
(OH)
 
4
 or near
16.9.17Katoite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
8-6
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
1-1.5
]
16.9.18Lawsonite
CaAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
16.9.19Parthéite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
·2H
 
2
O
16.9.20Wairakite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
] · 2H
 
2
O
16.9.21Vertumnite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
4
Si
 
4
O
 
6
(OH)
 
24
·3H
 
2
O
16.9.22Scolecite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
10
] · 3H
 
2
O
16.9.23Laumontite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
·4H
 
2
O
16.9.24Yugawaralite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
·4H
 
2
O
16.9.25Gismondine-Ca
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
·4H
 
2
O
16.9.27Goosecreekite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
] · 5H
 
2
O
16.9.28Cowlesite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
10
·6H
 
2
O
16.9.30Stellerite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
7
O
 
18
] · 7H
 
2
O
16.9.31Strätlingite
Ca
 
2
Al
 
2
SiO
 
7
·8H
 
2
O
16.9.32Amstallite
CaAl(Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
8
(OH)
 
4
·(H
 
2
O,Cl)

Other Names for Epistilbite

Synonyms:
MonophaneOriziteOryzite
Other Languages:
German:Epistilbit
Makrotyper Monophan
Monophan
Orizit
Oryzit
Russian:Эпистильбит
Spanish:Epistilbita
Orizita
Oryzita

Other Information

Electrical:Piezoelectric
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Epistilbite

Reference List:Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 173: 257-265.

American Mineralogist: 59: 1055-1061.

Internet Links for Epistilbite

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  • Look for Epistilbite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Epistilbite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Epistilbite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Epistilbite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Victoria Land
    		AmMin 82:423
    Argentina
     
    • Neuquén
    		Tschernich, 1992. Zeolites of the World, p.149,517
    Brazil
     
    • South Region
      • Rio Grande do Sul
        • Morro Reuter
    		Lapis 29(9), 41-42 (2004)
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Kamloops Mining Division
        • Spences Bridge
    		Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.143
    • Nova Scotia
      • Annapolis Co.
    		Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.143
      • Kings Co.
        • Bay of Fundy
    		Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.143
    Can Min 38:1215-1232
    Canadian Mineralogist Vol 38 pp. 1215-1232 (2000)
    • Ontario
      • Hastings Co.
        • Bancroft District
          • Dungannon Township
    		Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.51,149
    • Québec
      • Laurentides
        • Argenteuil RCM
          • Wentworth
            • Laurel
    		Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.52,149
    Channel Islands
     
    • Jersey
      • St Lawrence
        • Waterworks Valley
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1982 46 : 504-506.
    Costa Rica
     
    • San José Province
      • Bajo Chacones
    		Micro Probe Volume VII Number 7 Spring 1993
      • Guaitil
    		Micro Probe Volume VII Number 7 Spring 1993
    Denmark
     
    Tschernich, R. W. (1992): Zeolites of the world. Geoscience Press, Phoenix, Arizona, p.150
    Germany
     
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Bad Harzburg
    		No reference listed
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Beierfeld
    		M.E. Ciriotti, 2006, probed EDX+XRD by S. Möckel
          • Waschleithe
            • Fürstenberg hill
    		Sebastian Möller
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
          • Santorini Island (Thera)
            • Santorini Caldera
              • Nea Kammeni Island
    		No reference listed
    Hungary
     
    • Fejér Co.
      • Velencei Mts.
        • Nadap
    • Pest Co.
      • Börzsöny Mts.
        • Szob
    		Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral species of Hungary 2005
    Iceland
     
    Selbekk, R. S. & Mattsson, H. (2004): Zeolitt mineraliseringer i Hvalfjördur, Island. STEIN 31 (1), 28-33
    • Suður-Múlasýsla
      • Berufjördur
    		Zeolite collection volker Betz
    Walker G.P.L. (1960) Zeolite zones and dike Distribution in relation of the structure of the basalts of Eastern Iceland , Journal of Geology 68, 515-525
    Am Min 59 (1974), 1055; EJM 10 (1998), 1037
    [World of Stones 9/96 p.29]
      • Breiðdalur
    		No reference listed
    India
     
    • Maharashtra
    Lapis 29(7/8):76 (2004)
      • Alkola District
    		Lapis 29(7/8):76 (2004)
    Rob Lavinsky
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
      • Mumbai District (Bombay District)
        • Malad
    		Lapis 29(7/8):76 (2004)
    Lapis 29(7/8):76 (2004)
      • Nasik District
        • Dindori (Dhindori)
          • Talegaon
    		Georges Claeys (2009) Mineralogische reis naar Deccan Traps, India, 2008. Geonieuws, 34, #3, 63-77.
    Lapis 29(7/8):76 (2004)
        • Pandulena Hills
    		Georges Claeys (2009) Mineralogische reis naar Deccan Traps, India, 2008. Geonieuws, 34, #3, 63-77.
      • Pune District (Poonah District)
        • Lonavale (Lonavala)
    		No reference listed
      • Raigad District
    		Lapis 29(7/8):76 (2004)
    Israel
     
    • Negev desert
    		Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Courmayeur
        • Monte Bianco Massif
          • Veny Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Novate Mezzola
          • Codera Valley
    		Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Antigorio Valley
            • Premia
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Margherita di Pula
          • Cape Pula
    		Lapis 2003(2), 21-30
          • Nora
    		Conti-Vecchi, G. & Stara, P. (1991): Minerali della Sardegna. Della Torre, Ed., Cagliari, 276 pp
        • Pula
    		Lapis 2003(2), 21-30
      • Nuoro Province
        • Noragugume
    		Lapis 2003(2), 21-30
    Lapis 2003(2), 21-30
      • Sassari Province
    Gelosa, M. & Mameli, P. (1999): I minerali delle cave di Osilo: località mineralogiche della Sardegna. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2/1999, 92-96.
    Lapis 2003(2), 21
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
    		Orlandi, P., & Pezzotta, F. (1997). Minerali dell'Isola d'Elba. Edizioni Novecento Grafico, Bergamo, 249 pp.
            • San Piero in Campo
    		G. Grattarola (1879) - Note mineralogiche. Orizite e pseudo-natrolite, due nuove specie del sottordine delle zeoliti (trovate nell'isola d'Elba). - Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat., Proc. Verb., 4: 226-232; Orlandi, P., & Pezzotta, F. (1997). Minerali dell'Isola d'Elba. Edizioni Novecento Grafico, Bergamo, 249 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Niigata Prefecture
          • Kakizaki
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
        • Shizuoka prefecture
          • Matsuzaki
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
      • Kanto Region
        • Kanagawa Prefecture
          • Yugawara
    		Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    No reference listed
      • Tohoku Region
        • Aomori Prefecture
          • Kuroishi City
    		Onuki et al (1988) Journal of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, 83, 311-317.
    • Kyushu Region
      • Nagasaki Prefecture
    		Late 19th century Dr. F. Krantz specimen.
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Canterbury
        • Rangitata Valley
    		J. Thornton in Micro-Scope, February 1993
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Kłodzko District
    		Websky, M. (1867): Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 20, 144.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Cérová Mts
    		Ďuďa,R., Mrázek,Z., Košuth,M., 1984: Postmagmatická zeolitová mineralizácia Cérovej vrchoviny. Min.Slovaca, 16,2,157 - 172
    • Prešov Region
      • Northern Slanské Mts
    		Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
    South Africa
     
    • Eastern Cape Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northwest Province
      • Marico District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Canary Islands
      • Las Palmas Province
        • Gran Canaria (Grand Canary)
          • Agaete
            • Risco Faneque
    		- Betz, V. (2009) Der Westen von Gran Canaria - ein Fundbericht, Lapis 34, Heft 9, 25-36
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Bregaglia Valley (Bergell)
        • Forno Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 153.
      • Misox (Mesolcina Valley)
        • Calanca Valley
          • Arvigo
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 153.
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Leventina
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 153.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Goms
        • Fiesch
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 104.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Threlkeld District
            • Dockray
    		BMS Database
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Skye
          • Minginish
            • Carbost
              • Talisker
    		No reference listed
          • Sligachan
    		No reference listed
      • Strathclyde (Argyllshire)
        • Isle of Mull
          • Loch Na Keal
    		No reference listed
    Ukraine
     
    • Crimea Oblast'
      • Crimea peninsula
    		Tischenko A. data
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Wrangell-Petersburg Borough
        • Kupreanof Island
    		The Canadian Mineralogist; June 1997; v. 35; no. 3; p. 691-698
    • California
      • Los Angeles Co.
    		Mineral News v.14 no.9
      • Riverside Co.
        • Nuevo
    		Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World
      • Ventura Co.
    		http://www.mineralsocal.org/scfm/california/v.htm
    • Colorado
      • Custer Co.
        • Silver Cliff District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Gunnison Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Hinsdale Co.
    		Tschernich, 1992. Zeolites of the World, p.154.
    • Connecticut
      • Fairfield Co.
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.85
    Tschernich, 1992. Zeolites of the World, p.154
    • Georgia
      • Muscogee Co.
        • Columbus
    		Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    • Hawaii
      • Honolulu Co.
        • Oahu Island
          • Kailua
    		Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, 65, 115
    MinRec 15:95-97; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.114
    Dunham, K.C. (1933) The American Mineralogist, 18, 369-385.
    • Nevada
      • Washoe Co.
    		R&M 79:1 p44-54
    • New Jersey
      • Passaic Co.
        • Paterson
    		Mineral Collector 15: 113-118, Papke, H. (1908); Rocks & Min.: 59:157-183, Peters, Joseph J. (1984).
    • New York
    		Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, p.88
    • Oregon
      • Columbia Co.
        • Goble
    		Micro Probe Vol. 6 No. 5 Fall 1987; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, 117
      • Jackson Co.
        • Lost Creek Reservoir
    		K. Starnes, personal ID, 1986
      • Josephine Co.
        • Sailor Diggings District
    		Oregon Metal Mines Handbook, 1952, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries: Bulletin No. 14-C, Vol. 2, Section 1 - Josephine Co., 2nd Edition, page 211.
    • Virginia
      • Loudoun Co.
        • Leesburg
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Washington
      • Clark Co.
    Micro Probe Volume VI Number 4
      • Cowlitz Co.
        • Kalama area
    		Zeolites of the World, Rudy W. Tschernich 1992
    Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, 71
    Micro Probe Vol.7 No.9 Spring '94
        • Wolf Point
    		Micro Probe Vol. 7 No. 10
      • Kittitas Co.
        • Swauk District
          • Liberty
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.87; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World
      • Lewis Co.
        • Kosmos
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.87;Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World
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