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Euxenite-(Y)

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Hilltveit (Hiltveit), Iveland, Aust-Agder, Norway
© B. Otter

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Formula:
(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ti,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
Usually sum Nb+Ta is very close to Ti, in other words (Nb+Ta)/Ti ~ 1.
System:OrthorhombicColour:Black, greenish or ...
Hardness:5½ - 6½
Name:From the Greek εΰζευος, friendly to strangers, hospitale, in allusion to the many rare elements that it contains.
Dimorph of:Aeschynite-(Y)


Minerals of Euxenite (Y)-Polycrase-(Y) series are the most wide spread niobates after columbite-(Fe) and pyrochlore.

Classification of Euxenite-(Y)

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.19-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DG.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
G : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:8.3.8.2

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
Hey's CIM Ref.:18.4.5

18 : Niobates and Tantalates
4 : Niobates and tantalates containing both U and rare earths
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Type Occurrence of Euxenite-(Y)

Type Locality:Undisclosed pegmatite, Jølster, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway

Occurrences of Euxenite-(Y)

Geological Setting:Granitic pegmatites. Placer deposits.

Physical Properties of Euxenite-(Y)

Lustre:Vitreous, Greasy, Sub-Metallic
Colour:Black, greenish or brownish tint at times
Comment:Brown to yellow brown in transmitted light.
Streak:Yellowish, grayish, reddish brown
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6½
Hardness (Vickers):VHN50=633 - 692 kg/mm2
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):5.3 - 5.9 g/cm3
Density (calculated):5.16 g/cm3

Crystallography of Euxenite-(Y)

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 5.5528(6) Å, b = 14.6432(20) Å, c = 5.1953(7) Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.379 : 1 : 0.355
Unit Cell Volume:V 422.43 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Stout prismatic [001]. The faces are striated parallel to their intersection with {010} Often in parallel or subparallel and slightly radial aggregates of crystals. Massive.
Twinning:1. On {201}, common. The twins are flattened {010} and striated [001] 2. Possibly on {101}, rare. 3. Possibly on {013}.
Crystal Atlas:
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Euxenite-(Y) no.4 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Euxenite-(Y) no.5 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Optical Data of Euxenite-(Y)

Type:Isotropic
RI values: n = 2.06 - 2.24
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000 - Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:Very High
Type:Isotropic

Chemical Properties of Euxenite-(Y)

Formula:
(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ti,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6


Usually sum Nb+Ta is very close to Ti, in other words (Nb+Ta)/Ti ~ 1.
Idealised Formula:
YNbTiO
 
6
Essential elements:Nb, O, Y
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Ce, Nb, O, Ta, Th, Ti, U, Y

Relationship of Euxenite-(Y) to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Polycrase-(Y) (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.DG.05Fersmite
(Ca,Y)(Nb,Ta,Ti)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
4.DG.05Kobeite-(Y)
(Y,Zr)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
7
4.DG.05Loranskite-(Y)
(Y,Ce,Ca)ZrTaO
 
6
 (?)
4.DG.05Polycrase-(Y)
(Y,U)(Ti,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DG.05Tanteuxenite-(Y)
(Y,Ce,Ca)(Ta,Nb,Ti)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
4.DG.05Uranopolycrase
(U
4+
 
,Y)(Ti,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DG.05Yttrocrasite-(Y)
(Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
4.DG.10β-Fergusonite-(Y)
YNbO
 
4
4.DG.10β-Fergusonite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce)NbO
 
4
4.DG.10β-Fergusonite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Nd)NbO
 
4
4.DG.10Yttrotantalite-(Y)
(Y,Ca,U
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DG.10Beta-Fergusonite-(Nd)
4.DG.15Foordite
(Sn,Pb)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DG.15Thoreaulite
(Sn
2+
 
,Pb)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DG.20Raspite
Pb(WO
 
4
)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
18.4.1Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)
(U,Ca,Ce)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
(OH,F)
18.4.2Yttrocolumbite-(Y)
Y(U
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Nb
 
2
O
 
8
18.4.3Yttrotantalite-(Y)
(Y,Ca,U
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
8
18.4.4Ishikawaite
U
4+
 
Fe
2+
 
Nb
 
2
O
 
8
18.4.6Tanteuxenite-(Y)
(Y,Ce,Ca)(Ta,Nb,Ti)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
18.4.7Kobeite-(Y)
(Y,Zr)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
7
18.4.8Polycrase-(Y)
(Y,U)(Ti,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.4.9Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)
18.4.10Calciobetafite (of Mazzi & Munno)
18.4.11Yttrobetafite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.4.12Samarskite-(Y)
(Y,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,U,Th,Ca)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8

Other Names for Euxenite-(Y)

Synonyms:
EuxeniteGuimaraesite (of Gagarin & Cuomo)Lyndochite
Other Languages:
German:Euxenit
Russian:Эвксенит-(Y)
Simplified Chinese:黑稀金矿
钙钍黑稀金矿
Spanish:Euxenita

Other Information

Health Warning:May be radioactive.

References for Euxenite-(Y)

Reference List:

- +
Scheerer, Th. (1840): Ueber den Euxenit, eine neue Mineralspecies. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (herausgegeben zu Berlin von J.C. Poggendorff), 50, 149-153.

Scheerer (1847), Ann. Phys.: 72: 566.

Ellsworth (1927), American Mineralogist: 12: 212.

Simpson (1928), Royal Society of Western Australia, Journal: 14: 45.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 787-792.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 152: 69-82.

Internet Links for Euxenite-(Y)

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