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Ferrosilite

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Rollinsons quarry, Malmsbury, Victoria, Australia
© Pat Sutton

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Formula:
FeSiO
 
3
System:OrthorhombicColour:Dark brown to black
Hardness:5 - 6
Member of:Orthopyroxene Subgroup > Pyroxene Group
Name:Originally a hypothetical mineral named by Henry Stevens Washington [1867-1934] in 1903. First used to name natural material in 1935 by Norman L. Bowen.
Dimorph of:Clinoferrosilite


Enstatite-Ferrosilite Series.

Classification of Ferrosilite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.02-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DA.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
Dana 8th edition ID:65.1.2.2

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.19.2

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
19 : Silicates of Fe
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Physical Properties of Ferrosilite

Lustre:Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Dark brown to black
Streak:Pale gray brown
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 6
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Very Good
{210}
Parting:{100}, {010}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Splintery
Density (measured):3.60 - 4.00 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.00 g/cm3

Crystallography of Ferrosilite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pbca {P21/b 21/c 21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 18.43Å, b = 9.08Å, c = 5.23Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.03 : 1 : 0.576
Unit Cell Volume:V 875.21 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Usually in elongated grain; rare crystals are bladed to prismatic.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
6.45 (30)
4.61 (90)
3.23 (70)
3.00 (80)
2.91 (100)
2.59 (40)
2.52 (30)
1.781 (20)
Comments:21-0721 (synthetic); 31-0635 (magnesian ferrosilite)

Optical Data of Ferrosilite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.710 - 1.767 nβ = 1.723 - 1.770 nγ = 1.726 - 1.788
Birefringence:0.016-0.021
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.016 - 0.021

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v moderate
Optical Extinction:Parallel
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X pinkish brown, Z greenish brown

Chemical Properties of Ferrosilite

Formula:
FeSiO
 
3
Essential elements:Fe, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Fe, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ca,Na,K,Al,Co,Ni,Mn,Ti,Cr

Relationship of Ferrosilite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Enstatite (see here)
Member of:Orthopyroxene Subgroup > Pyroxene Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Donpeacorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Mg[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
Enstatite
MgSiO
 
3
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DA.05Donpeacorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Mg[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
9.DA.05Enstatite
MgSiO
 
3
9.DA.10Clinoenstatite
MgSiO
 
3
9.DA.10Clinoferrosilite
Fe
2+
 
SiO
 
3
9.DA.10Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.10Pigeonite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Ca)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Augite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)[(Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.15Diopside
CaMgSi
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Esseneite
CaFe
3+
 
[AlSiO
 
6
]
9.DA.15Hedenbergite
CaFe
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Petedunnite
Ca(Zn,Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Davisite
CaScAlSiO
 
6
9.DA.15Kushiroite
CaAl[AlSiO
 
6
]
9.DA.15Grossmanite
CaTi
3+
 
 AlSiO
 
6
9.DA.20Aegirine-augite
(Na,Ca)(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.20Omphacite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Aegirine
NaFe
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Jadeite
Na(Al,Fe
3+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Jervisite
(Na,Ca,Fe
2+
 
)(Sc,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Kosmochlor
NaCrSi
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Namansilite
NaMn
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Natalyite
Na(V
3+
 
,Cr)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.30Spodumene
LiAlSi
 
2
O
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.19.1Fayalite
Fe
2+
2
SiO
 
4
14.19.3Laihunite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
14.19.4Ferro-anthophyllite
☐{Fe
2+
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
14.19.5Ferripyrophyllite
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
14.19.6Greenalite
Fe
 
2-3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
14.19.7Cronstedtite
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
14.19.8Hisingerite
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O

Other Names for Ferrosilite

Synonyms:
EuliteEulysiteFerrohyperstheneO-ferrosiliteOrthoferrosilite
Other Languages:
German:Eisenhypersthen
Eulit
Eulysit
Ferrosilit
O-ferrosilit
Russian:Ферросилит
Simplified Chinese:低铁透辉石
Spanish:Ferrosilita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Not fluorescent
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Ferrosilite

Reference List:

- +
Bowen, N.L. (1935), Ferrosilite as a natural mineral: American Journal of Science, 5th. Series: 30: 481.

Bass, J.D. ad Weidner, D.J. (1984) Elasticity of single-crystal orthoferrosilite. Journal of Geophysical Research: 89: 4359-4371.

Hugh-Jones, D.A., Sharp, T., Angel, R.J., and Woodland, A. (1996) The transition of orthoferrosilite to high-pressure C2/c clinoferrosilite at ambient temperature. European Journal of Mineralogy: 8: 1337-1345.

Tarantino, S.C., Domeneghetti, M.C., Carpenter, M.A., Shaw, C.J.S., and Tazzoli, V. (2002a) Mixing properties of the enstatite-ferrosilite solid solution: I. A macroscopic perspective. European Journal of Mineralogy: 14: 525-536.

Tarantino, S.C., Boffa Ballaran, T., Carpenter, M.A., Domeneghetti, M.C., and Tazzoli, V. (2002b) Mixing properties of the enstatite-ferrosilite solid solution: II A microscopic perspective. Eurpean Journal of Mineralogy: 14: 537-547.

Internet Links for Ferrosilite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Ferrosilite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Ferrosilite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Tamanghasset Province
      • Ahaggar Mtn (Hoggar Mtn)
    		L. Latouche : "L'orthoferrosilite et les roches associées de la région des Gour Oumeladen (N.E. Ahaggar, Algérie)", Bull. Minéral. , 1983, 106, pp. 329-339.
    C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry lost Mindat data).
    Angola
     
    • Huambo Province
    		Sighinolfi, G. P., Garuti, G., & Morais, E. (1990) The Jolomba, Angola, LL chondrite. Meteoritics, Vol. 25, p.410.
    Australia
     
    • Victoria
      • Malmsbury
    		Sutton & Mills (2012)
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Bad Radkersburg
        • Klöch
    		Taucher, J. & Hollerer, C. E. (1998): Minerale eines Si- und Al-reichen Xenoliths aus dem Basaltsteinbruch von Klöch, Nördlicher Bruch, (Steiermark, Österreich). Mitt. naturwiss. Ver. Steiermark 128, 21-42.
    Cameroon
     
    • North-West Region
      • Nkambe
    		Tetsopgang, S., Koyanagi, J., Enami, M., and Kihara, K. (2003): Mineralogical Magazine 67(3), 509-516.
    Canada
     
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Labrador
    		Waard, D. de and Wheeler, E. P., 1971, Chemical and Petrologic Trends in Anorthositic and Asslociated Rocks of the Nain Massif, Labrador, Lithos v4, p. 367-380
    Berg, J., Wheeler, E.P. (1976): Osumilite of deep-seated origin in the contact aureole of the anorthositic Nain complex, Labrador, American Mineralogist, Vol. 61, pp. 20-37
    KLEIN, C. (1966): Mineralogy and petrology of the metamorphosed Wabush iron formation, southwest Labrador. Journal of Petrology 7, 246-305.
    www.geosurv.gov.nf.ca/gacmap/LAB2.html.
    • Northwest Territories
      • Franklin District
    		Can. Mineral. (1993) 31, 775-785
    • Nunavut Territory
      • Baffin Island
    		Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., and Zussman, J., 1963, Rock-Forming Minerals, v 2 Chain Silicates, p 21.
    • Ontario
      • Parry Sound District
        • Parry Sound
          • Georgian Bay
    		Grew E.S., Marsh J.H., Yates M.G., Lazic B., Armbruster T., Locock A., Bell S.W., Dyar M.D., Bernhardt H.J., Medenbach O. (2010) Menzerite-(Y), a new species, {(Y,REE)(Ca,Fe2+)2}[(Mg,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Al)](Si3)O12, from a felsic granulite, Parry Sound, Ontario, and a new garnet end-member, {Y2Ca}[Mg2](Si3)O12, - The Canadian Mineralogist, 48, p. 1171-1193.
      • Thunder Bay District
    		Sage (1987) OGS Study 46.
    • Québec
      • Outaouais
        • Pontiac RCM
          • Otter Lake
    		Daryl Macfarland
    China
     
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Yizhang Co.
          • Dongpo ore field
    		Yingjun Liu, Jingrong Zhang, and Jun Chen (1983): Geology and Prospecting 19(5), 8-14
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Fuzhou Prefecture
        • Chongren Co.
    		Yaohui Jiang, Hongfei Ling, Shaoyong Jiang, Honghai Fan, Weizhou Shen, and Pei Ni (2005): Journal of Petrology 46(6), 1-34.
    • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
      • Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)
        • Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.)
          • Baishiquan ore district
    		Fengmei Chai, Zhaochong Zhang, Jingwen Mao, Lianhui Dong, Zuoheng Zhang, Huishou Ye, Hua Wu, and Xinhua Mo (2006): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 25(1), 1-12
    Finland
     
    • Western and Inner Finland Region
      • Seinäjoki
    		No reference listed
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
    Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
              • Wingertsberg
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
          • Niederzissen
            • Glees
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
            • Bellerberg volcano
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
        • Niederzissen
          • Hannebach
    		Blass, G., (2010): Die neuen Mineralienfunde aus der Vulkaneifel, Mineralienwelt, Vol. 05, 2010
        • Polch
          • Ochtendung
    		Blass, G., Graf , HW., Die Wannenköpfe bei Ochtendung in der Vulkaneifel und ihre Mineralien, MW 6/1999
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Zemplén Mts. (Tokaj Mts.)
        • Tokaj
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    India
     
    • Andhra Pradesh
    		Leelanandam, C, 1997, The Kondapalli Layered Complex, Andhra Pradesh, India : A Synoptic Overview, Gondwana Research, v. 1, Pages 95–114
    • Karnataka
      • Bangalore
    		Anantha Iyer, G.V. and Narayanan Kutty, T.R. (1975) Indian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2, #2, 125-141.
    Anantha Iyer, G.V. and Narayanan Kutty, T.R. (1975) Indian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2, #2, 125-141.
    • Tamil Nadu
      • Chennai (Madras)
    		Howie, Robert Andrew, 1955, The Geochemistry of the Charnockite Series of Madras, India, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, v 62, p 725.
      • Salem District
        • Namakkal
          • Nainamalai Adivaram
    		N. Subba Reddy, et al (1982) Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Earth and Planetary Sciences, 91, 55-63.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Takahashi City
            • Bitchu-cho-shitouyouze(Bicchu-cho-shitouyouze)
    		Matsueda, H. (1980) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 5, #4, 15-77.; Matsueda, H. (1980) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 5, #4, 15-77.
      • Kanto Region
        • Kanagawa Prefecture
    		Kuno, H., 1954, Study of Orthopyroxenes from Volcanic Rocks, American Mineralogist, v 39, p. 30.
          • Yamakita
    		Kuno, H., 1947, Hypersthene in a rock of amphibolite facies from Tanzawa Mountainland, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, Proceedings of the Japan Academy, v 23, p. 114.
          • Yugawara
    		Kuno, H., 1954, Study of Orthopyroxenes from Volcanic Rocks, American Mineralogist, v 39, p. 30.
    Kenya
     
    • Rift Valley Province
    		Rocky Mountain (53rd) and South-Central (35th) Sections, GSA, Joint Annual Meeting (April 29–May 2, 2001) Session No. 7--Booth# 38
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Bay of Plenty
      • Northland
    		http://ganko.eps.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~enami/abstract/pme0201.pdf.
    Norway
     
    • Vest-Agder
      • Flekkefjord
    		Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., and Zussman, J., 1963, Rock-Forming Minerals, v 2 Chain Silicates, p 21.
    Poland
     
    • Pomorskie
      • Kaszuby metamorphic complex
        • Kościerzyna disctrict
          • Kościerzyna commune
    		Krzemińska E. & Bagiński B. 2003: THE KOŚCIERZYNA AND ŻARNOWIEC ENDERBITES ( N-POLAND) PETROGRAPHY, MINERALOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND P –T RESULTS. Mineralogical Society of Poland - Special Papers, vol. 23, pp. 105-107
        • Puck district
          • Krokowa commune
    		Krzemińska E. & Bagiński B. 2003: THE KOŚCIERZYNA AND ŻARNOWIEC ENDERBITES ( N-POLAND) PETROGRAPHY, MINERALOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND P –T RESULTS. Mineralogical Society of Poland - Special Papers, vol. 23, pp. 105-107
    Romania
     
    • Maramureș Co.
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Lake Baikal area
            • Slyudyanka (Sludyanka)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Men’shikov, Y.P., Konopleva, N.G., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 732-745.
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Ilmen Mts
            • Ilmen Natural Reserve
              • Lake Ishkul'
    		Am Min 90:1402-1412 (deposit item)
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Žarnovica Co.
        • Nová Baňa
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Galicia
      • Pontevedra
        • A Cañiza
    		Martin-Izard, A., Paniagua, A., Moreiras, D. (1995) Metasomatism at a granitic pegmatite-dunite contact in Galicia: the Franqueira occurrence of chrysoberyl (alexandrite), emerald, and phenakite. Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 775-792.
    Sweden
     
    • Gästrikland
      • Ovanåker
    • Södermanland
      • Nyköping
        • Tunaberg
    The Moon
    J. Frondel (2009), Lunar Mineralogy, Wiley Interscience
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • Buchan Grampian (Aberdeenshire)
        • Strathdon
          • Glenbuchat
    		Henry, N. F. M., 1935, Some Data on the Iron Rich Hypersthenes, Mineralogical Magazine, v 24, p. 221.
      • North West Highlands (Sutherland)
    		Muir, I. D., and Tilley, Cecil E., 1958, The Compositions of Co-existing Pyroxenes in Metamorphic Assemblages, Geological Magazine, v 95, p 403.
      • Strathclyde (Bute)
    		www.abdn.ac.uk/geology/profiles/auming/pitchstone/pitchstones.htm.
    USA
     
    • California
      • Riverside Co.
        • Rubidoux
    		Larsen, Esper Signius and Draisin, W.M. (1948 [1950]), Composition of the minerals in the rocks of the Southern California batholith. International Geologic Congress, 18th. Session, Great Britain, 1948, Part 2, p. 66.
    • Maine
      • Piscataquis Co.
        • Big Moose Township
    		Espenshade, G. H. and Boudette, E. L., 1964, Geology of the Greenville Quadrangle Maine, US Geological Survey Quadrangle Map GQ-350. Espenshade, G. H. and Boudette, E. L., 1967, Geology and Petrology of the Greenville Quadrangle, Piscataquis and Somerset Counties, Maine, US Geological Survey Bulletin 1241-F, p F1-F60.
        • Big Squaw Township
    		Mineralogy of Maine, vol. 1 (King & Foord, 1994)
        • Little Moose Township
    		Espenshade, G. H. and Boudette, E. L., 1964, Geology of the Greenville Quadrangle Maine, US Geological Survey Quadrangle Map GQ-350. Espenshade, G. H. and Boudette, E. L., 1967, Geology and Petrology of the Greenville Quadrangle, Piscataquis and Somerset Counties, Maine, US Geological Survey Bulletin 1241-F, p F1-F60.
    • Montana
      • Madison Co.
        • Ruby Range
    		Hanbook of Mineralogy
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Bartlett
    		Rocks&Min. 76:256
    • New York
      • Orange Co.
    		NY State Museum spec. no. 15862
    • North Carolina
      • Alexander Co.
        • Hiddenite
    		Speer,Wade Edward.,(2008) Emerald Crystal Pockets of the Hiddenite District Alexander Co.,North Carolina: The Geological Society Of America
      • Macon Co.
        • Cowee Valley
          • Ellijay District
            • Franklin
    		EL-Shazley,A.K.,Loehn C.,and Tracy R.J.,(2011) P-T-t evolution of granulite facies metamorphism and partial melting in the Winding Stair Gap,Central Blue Ridge,North Carolina,USA: Journal of Metamorphic Geology
    • Oregon
      • Klamath Co.
    		(Bill Wise, Northern California Mineralogical Association spring 2003 newsletter; Micro Probe 9(8), 2003).
    • Utah
      • Wayne Co.
    		Handbook of Mineralogy
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