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Friedelite

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Big Photo

Harstigen Mine, Pajsberg, Persberg district, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
© Knut Eldjarn

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Formula:
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
System:MonoclinicColour:Tan, brown, "beef steak" ...
Hardness:4 - 5
Member of:Pyrosmalite Group
Name:
Named by Emile Bertrand in 1876 in honour of the noted French chemist and mineralogist, Charles Friedel (march 12, 1832 Strasbourg, France – April 20, 1899 Montauban, France), who was professor of chemistry at the Sorbonne. Friedel developed the Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions with James Crafts in 1877, and attempted to make synthetic diamonds. His son Georges Friedel (1865–1933) also became a renowned mineralogist.
Isostructural with:Pyrosmalite Group


Compare the similar bementite.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Friedelite. Currently in public beta-test.

Classification of Friedelite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/H.28-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.EE.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
Dana 8th edition ID:72.4.1b.1

72 : PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings
4 : Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with 4-, 6-, and 12-membered rings
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.3.11

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
3 : Silicates with chloride (including aluminosilicates)
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Type Occurrence of Friedelite

Type Locality:Montagne d'Azet, Aderville, Louron Valley, Hautes-Pyrénées, Midi-Pyrénées, France
Year of Discovery:1876

Physical Properties of Friedelite

Colour:Tan, brown, "beef steak" red-brown, dark brown
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 5

Crystallography of Friedelite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/m {B1 1 2/m} {C2/m} {C1 2/m 1}
Space Group Setting:C1 2/m 1
Cell Parameters:a = 23.33Å, b = 13.39Å, c = 7.44Å
β = 105.08°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.742 : 1 : 0.556
Unit Cell Volume:V 2,244.14 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Twinning:Universal, repeated about [110] and [110], composition plane {001}, giving pseudorhombohedral symmetry.
Comment:Pseudorhombohedral.

Optical Data of Friedelite

Type:Biaxial
RI values: nα = 1.630 nβ = 1.660 nγ = 1.660
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r > v

Chemical Properties of Friedelite

Formula:
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
Essential elements:H, Mn, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Cl, Fe, H, Mn, O, Si
Common Impurities:Fe,Al,Zn,Mg,Ca

Relationship of Friedelite to other Species

Member of:Pyrosmalite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Mcgillite
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
8
Cl
 
2
Nelenite
(Mn,Fe)
 
16
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
)(OH)
 
14
[As
3+
3
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
]
Pyrosmalite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
Schallerite
(Mn,Fe)
 
16
Si
 
12
As
 
3
O
 
36
(OH)
 
17
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.EE.05Bementite
Mn
 
7
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
8
9.EE.10Brokenhillite
Mn
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
10
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
9.EE.10Mcgillite
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
8
Cl
 
2
9.EE.15Nelenite
(Mn,Fe)
 
16
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
)(OH)
 
14
[As
3+
3
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
]
9.EE.15Schallerite
(Mn,Fe)
 
16
Si
 
12
As
 
3
O
 
36
(OH)
 
17
9.EE.20Palygorskite
(Mg,Al)
 
5
(Si,Al)
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
9.EE.20Tuperssuatsiaite
Na
 
2
Fe
 
3
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
9.EE.20Yofortierite
Mn
 
5
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
 · 8-9H
 
2
O
9.EE.20Windhoekite
Ca
 
2
Fe
3+
2.67
[Si
 
8
O
 
20
](OH)
 
4
 · 10H
 
2
O
9.EE.25Falcondoite
(Ni,Mg)
 
4
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
9.EE.25Loughlinite
Na
 
2
Mg
 
3
Si
 
6
O
 
16
 · 8H
 
2
O
9.EE.25Sepiolite
Mg
 
4
(Si
 
6
O
 
15
)(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
9.EE.25Kalifersite
(K,Na)
 
5
Fe
3+
7
Si
 
20
O
 
50
(OH)
 
6
 · 12H
 
2
O
9.EE.30Gyrolite
NaCa
 
16
Si
 
23
AlO
 
60
(OH)
 
8
 · 14H
 
2
O
9.EE.30Orlymanite
Ca
 
4
Mn
 
3
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.EE.30Tungusite
Ca
 
4
Fe
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
6
9.EE.35Reyerite
(Na,K)
 
2
Ca
 
14
(Si,Al)
 
24
O
 
58
(OH)
 
8
 · 6H
 
2
O
9.EE.35Truscottite
(Ca,Mn)
 
14
Si
 
24
O
 
58
(OH)
 
8
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.EE.40Natrosilite
Na
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
5
9.EE.45Makatite
Na
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
8
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
9.EE.50Varennesite
Na
 
8
Mn
 
2
Si
 
10
O
 
25
(OH,Cl)
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
9.EE.55Raite
Na
 
4
Mn
2+
3
Ti
 
0.25
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
9.EE.60Intersilite
Na
 
6
Mn
2+
 
Ti[Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)](OH)
 
3
 · 4H
 
2
O
9.EE.65Shafranovskite
(Na,K)
 
6
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
Si
 
9
O
 
24
 · 6H
 
2
O
9.EE.65Zakharovite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
5
Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)
 
6
 · 6H
 
2
O
9.EE.70Zeophyllite
Ca
 
4
Si
 
3
O
 
8
(OH,F)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.EE.75Minehillite
(K,Na)
 
2-3
Ca
 
28
Zn
 
4
Al
 
4
Si
 
40
O
 
112
(OH)
 
16
9.EE.80Fedorite
(Na,K)
 
2-3
(Ca
 
4
Na
 
3
)Si
 
16
O
 
38
F
 
2
 · 3.5H
 
2
O
9.EE.80Martinite
(Na,Ca)
 
11
Ca
 
4
(Si,S,B)
 
14
B
 
2
O
 
40
F
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
9.EE.85Lalondeite
(Na,Ca)
 
6
(Ca,Na)
 
3
Si
 
16
O
 
38
(F,OH)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
17.3.1Rustumite
Ca
 
10
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
Cl
 
2
17.3.2Zunyite
Al
 
13
Si
 
5
O
 
20
(OH,F)
 
18
Cl
17.3.3Sodalite
Na
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)Cl
 
2
17.3.4Marialite
Na
 
4
Al
 
3
Si
 
9
O
 
24
Cl
17.3.5Tugtupite
Na
 
4
(AlBeSi
 
4
O
 
12
)Cl
17.3.6Eudialyte
Na
 
15
Ca
 
6
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
3
Zr
 
3
[Si
 
25
O
 
73
](O,OH,H
 
2
O)
 
3
(OH,Cl)
 
2
17.3.7Alluaivite
Na
 
19
(Ca,Mn)
 
6
(Ti,Nb)
 
3
Si
 
26
O
 
74
Cl · 2H
 
2
O
17.3.8Nasonite
Pb
 
6
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
3
Cl
 
2
17.3.9Asisite
Pb
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
4
Cl
 
2
17.3.10Jagoite
(Pb,Ca)
 
3
FeSi
 
3
O
 
10
(Cl,OH)
17.3.12Pyrosmalite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
17.3.13Pyrosmalite
17.3.14Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
17.3.16Mcgillite
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
8
Cl
 
2
17.3.17Traskite
Ba
 
21
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Mn,Ti)
 
4
(Ti,Fe,Mg)
 
12
(Si
 
12
O
 
36
)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
6
(O,OH)
 
30
Cl
 
6
·14H
 
2
O
17.3.18Muirite
Ba
 
10
Ca
 
2
Mn
2+
 
Ti[(OH,Cl,F)|HSi
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
5
17.3.19Verplanckite
Ba
 
2
(Mn,Fe,Ti)Si
 
2
O
 
6
(O,OH,Cl,F)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O or near

Other Names for Friedelite

Other Languages:
German:Friedelit
Simplified Chinese:红锰铁矿
Spanish:Friedelita
Varieties:
Arsenofriedelite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:None.

References for Friedelite

Reference List:

- +
Frondel, C. and L.H. Bauer (1953): Manganpyrosmalite and its polymorphic relation to friedelite and schallerite. Am. Mineral., 38, 755-760.

Dunn, P.J., D.R. Peacor, J.A. Nelen, and J.A. Norberg (1981): Crystal-chemical data for schallerite, caryopilite and friedelite from Franklin and Sterling Hill, New Jersey. Am. Mineral., 66, 1054-1062.

Ozawa, T., Y. Takéuchi, T. Takahata, G. Donnay, and J.D.H. Donnay (1983): The pyrosmalite group of minerals. II. The layer structure of mcgillite and friedelite. Canadian Mineralogist, 21, 7-17.

Internet Links for Friedelite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Friedelite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Friedelite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    Demetrius Pohl collection, Rock Currier photo
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Mitterdorf
        • Veitsch
          • Kleinveitsch
            • Kaiblinggraben
    		Francis, C.A. (2004)
    Franz Bernhard collection
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Kals valley
    		Abrecht, J. (1990): An As-rich manganiferous mineral assemblage from the Ködnitz Valley (Eastern Alps, Austria): Geology, mineralogy, genetic considerations, and implications for metamorphic Mn deposits. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1990, 363-375.
      • North Tyrol
        • Sill valley (Wipp valley)
          • Navis valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    		Dubru. M, (1986) Pétrologie et géochimie du marbre à brucite et des borates associés au gisement de tungstène de Costabonne, (Pyrénées orientales, France) 930p
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
    		Perseil, E. A. (1967): Manganese mineralization of the Upper Devonian in Las Cabesses (Ariege). Comptes Rendus du Congres National des Societes Savantes, Section des Sciences 91 (Part 2), 313-321.
      • Haute-Garonne
        • Argut-Dessus
    		 Inventaire minéralogique de la France numero 8 Haute Garonne pages 20 et 21
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Nabias
          • Vielle Aure
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 174; DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
        • Louron Valley
          • Aderville
    		C.R.Acad.Sci.Paris,(1876) 82, 1167
    Germany
     
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz
        • Wernigerode
          • Elbingerode
            • Schävenholz (Schebenholz; Schäbenholz)
    		Witzke, T. (2013): Die Minerale der Manganlagerstätte Schävenholz bei Elbingerode, Harz.- Aufschluss 64, 69-80
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Zhayrem (Zhairem)
    		Frank Dzubeck; Kayupova, M.M. (1965) Doklady of the Academy of Sciences U.S.S.R., Earth Science sections, 163, 97-100.; Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30
    Frank Dzubeck
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Bykle
    		Nordrum, F.S. (2008): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2007-2008. STEIN 35 (2), 8-20
    Peru
     
    • Lima Department
      • Oyon Province
    		Economic Geology November 1990 v. 85 no. 7 p. 1348-1383
    Romania
     
    • Suceava Co.
      • Suceava district
        • Iacobeni (Jakobeny; Jacobeny; Jakabfalva)
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302]
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302.]
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Priorat
          • El Molar
    		Mineralogistes de Catalunya, vol. III num. 5
    Sweden
     
    • Södermanland
      • Utö
    		Langhof, J., Holtstam, D. & Gustafsson, L., 2000: Chiavennite and zoned genthelvite-helvite as late-stage minerals of the Proterozoic LCT pegmatites at Utö, Stockholm, Sweden. GFF, Vol. 122 (Pt. 2, June), pp. 207-212. Stockholm. ISSN 1103-5897
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. ; K:Gatedal
        • Persberg district
          • Pajsberg
    		Flink, G. (1917): Bidrag till Sveriges Mineralogi. Arkiv för Kemi, mineralogi och Geologi. Vol 6. no. 21, p. 49-52 ; Nysten, P. (2004): Harstigen ett mineralogisk eldorado i Bergslagen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 5-13
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		Flink, G. (1917): Bidrag till Sveriges Mineralogi. Arkiv för Kemi, mineralogi och Geologi. Vol 6. no. 21, p. 52; Holtstam, D. (2001): W and V mineralization in Långban-type Fe-Mn deposits: Epigenetic or Syngenetic? Geologiske Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 123: 29-33
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Engadin
        • Piz Corvatsch
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 171.
      • Schanfig Valley
        • Langwies
          • Fondei Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 171.; Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 31
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Turtmann Valley
        • Pipjitälli
    		Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer)
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • San Juan Co.
        • Eureka District
          • Gladstone
    		Rocks & Min.: 63: 366-384.
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Palache(1935):89-90; Dunn(1995):Pt4:478.
    Palache(1935):89.
    Palache(1935):89.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Palache(1935):89-90; Dunn(1995):Pt4:478.
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