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Froodite

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Big Photo

Oktyabr'skoe (Oktyabr'skoye; Oktyabr'sky) Cu-Ni deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
© 2008, JGW




Formula:
α-PdBi
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Grey
Hardness:2½
Name:For the type locality.
This page provides mineralogical data about Froodite.

Classification of Froodite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/D.21-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.AC.45a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
A : Alloys
C : Alloys of metalloids with PGE
Dana 8th edition ID:2.12.15.1

2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
Hey's CIM Ref.:3.12.41

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
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Type Occurrence of Froodite

Type Locality:Frood Mine, McKim Township, Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Harvard University.
Year of Discovery:1958

Physical Properties of Froodite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Grey
Streak:Black
Hardness (Mohs):2½
Hardness (Vickers):VHN25=84 kg/mm2
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {100}
less perfect on {001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):1205 g/cm3
Density (calculated):11.42 g/cm3
Comment:Synthetic - 11.5

Crystallography of Froodite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/m {B1 1 2/m} {C2/m} {C1 2/m 1}
Space Group Setting:C2/m
Cell Parameters:a = 12.74Å, b = 4.29Å, c = 5.71Å
β = 102.52°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.97 : 1 : 1.331
Unit Cell Volume:V 304.66 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Rounded grains
Twinning:Sometimes

Optical Data of Froodite

Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Light and dark grays.
Colour in reflected light:Creamy white

Chemical Properties of Froodite

Formula:
α-PdBi
 
2
Essential elements:Bi, Pd
All elements listed in formula:Bi, Pd
Common Impurities:Te

Relationship of Froodite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.AC.05aAtheneite
Pd
 
2
As
 
0.75
Hg
 
0.25
2.AC.05bVincentite
Pd
 
3
As
2.AC.10cArsenopalladinite
Pd
 
8
(As,Sb)
 
3
2.AC.10bMertieite-II
Pd
 
8
(Sb,As)
 
3
2.AC.10aStillwaterite
Pd
 
8
As
 
3
2.AC.15aIsomertieite
Pd
 
11
Sb
 
2
As
 
2
2.AC.15bMertieite-I
Pd
 
11
(Sb,As)
 
4
2.AC.15aMiessiite
Pd
 
11
Te
 
2
Se
 
2
2.AC.20bPalarstanide
Pd
 
8
(As,Sn)
 
3
2.AC.20aStibiopalladinite
Pd
 
5
Sb
 
2
2.AC.20cMenshikovite
Pd
 
3
Ni
 
2
As
 
3
2.AC.25eMajakite
PdNiAs
2.AC.25aPalladoarsenide
Pd
 
2
As
2.AC.25fPalladobismutharsenide
Pd
 
2
(As,Bi)
2.AC.25cPalladodymite
(Pd,Rh)
 
2
As
2.AC.25bRhodarsenide
(Rh,Pd)
 
2
As
2.AC.25dNaldrettite
Pd
 
2
Sb
2.AC.30UM1999-02-As:NiRh
(Rh,Ni)
 
7
As
 
4
2.AC.30Polkanovite
Rh
 
12
As
 
7
2.AC.35aGenkinite
(Pt,Pd,Rh)
 
4
Sb
 
3
2.AC.35bUngavaite
Pd
 
4
Sb
 
3
2.AC.40Polarite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
2.AC.45cBorishanskiite
Pd
 
1+x
(As,Pb)
 
2
 , x = 0-0.2
2.AC.45bIridarsenite
(Ir,Ru)As
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
3.12.1Seinäjokite
(Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)
 
2
3.12.2Laurite
RuS
 
2
3.12.3Ruthenarsenite
(Ru,Ni)As
3.12.4Anduoite
(Ru,Os)As
 
2
3.12.5Ruarsite
(Ru,Os)AsS
3.12.6Xingzhongite
(Pb,Cu,Fe)(Ir,Pt,Rh)
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.7Rhodplumsite
Rh
 
3
Pb
 
2
S
 
2
3.12.8Cuprorhodsite
(Cu,Fe)Rh
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.9Konderite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)
 
8
S
 
16
3.12.10Bowieite
(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
2
S
 
3
3.12.11Cherepanovite
RhAs
3.12.12Hollingworthite
(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
3.12.13Vysotskite
(Pd,Ni)S
3.12.14Vasilite
(Pd,Cu)
 
16
(S,Te)
 
7
3.12.15Palladseite
Pd
 
17
Se
 
15
3.12.16Oosterboschite
(Pd,Cu)
 
7
Se
 
5
3.12.17Telluropalladinite
Pd
 
9
Te
 
4
3.12.18Temagamite
Pd
 
3
HgTe
 
3
3.12.19Sopcheite
Ag
 
4
Pd
 
3
Te
 
4
3.12.20Michenerite
PdBiTe
3.12.21Kotulskite
Pd(Te,Bi)
 
1-2
3.12.22Telargpalite
(Pd,Ag)
 
3
(Te,Bi)
3.12.23Merenskyite
(Pd,Pt)(Te,Bi)
 
2
3.12.24Palladoarsenide
Pd
 
2
As
3.12.25Stillwaterite
Pd
 
8
As
 
3
3.12.26Atheneite
Pd
 
2
As
 
0.75
Hg
 
0.25
3.12.27Majakite
PdNiAs
3.12.28Palarstanide
Pd
 
8
(As,Sn)
 
3
3.12.29Arsenopalladinite
Pd
 
8
(As,Sb)
 
3
3.12.30Vincentite
Pd
 
3
As
3.12.31Palladobismutharsenide
Pd
 
2
(As,Bi)
3.12.32Stibiopalladinite
Pd
 
5
Sb
 
2
3.12.33Hexatestibiopanickelite
(Pd,Ni)(Sb,Te)
3.12.34Sudburyite
(Pd,Ni)Sb
3.12.35Testibiopalladite
PdTe(Sb,Te)
3.12.36Borovskite
Pd
 
3
SbTe
 
4
3.12.37Isomertieite
Pd
 
11
Sb
 
2
As
 
2
3.12.38Mertieite-I
Pd
 
11
(Sb,As)
 
4
3.12.39Mertieite-II
Pd
 
8
(Sb,As)
 
3
3.12.40Sobolevskite
PdBi
3.12.42Polarite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
3.12.43Urvantsevite
Pd(Bi,Pb)
 
2
3.12.44Cooperite
PtS
3.12.45Braggite
(Pt,Pd,Ni)S
3.12.46Kharaelakhite
(Cu,Pt,Pb,Fe,Ni)
 
9
S
 
8
3.12.47Malanite
Cu(Pt
3+
 
,Ir
3+
 
)
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.48Moncheite
(Pt,Pd)(Te,Bi)
 
2
3.12.49Maslovite
PtBiTe
3.12.50Sperrylite
PtAs
 
2
3.12.51Platarsite
(Pt,Rh,Ru)AsS
3.12.52Geversite
PtSb
 
2
3.12.53Daomanite
CuPtAsS
 
2
3.12.54Genkinite
(Pt,Pd,Rh)
 
4
Sb
 
3
3.12.55Stumpflite
Pt(Sb,Bi)
3.12.56Insizwaite
Pt(Bi,Sb)
 
2
3.12.57Erlichmanite
OsS
 
2
3.12.58Omeiite
(Os,Ru)As
 
2
3.12.59Osarsite
(Os,Ru)AsS
3.12.60Kashinite
(Ir,Rh)
 
2
S
 
3
3.12.61Inaglyite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Ir,Pt)
 
8
S
 
16
3.12.62Cuproiridsite
(Cu,Fe)Ir
 
2
S
 
4
3.12.63Iridarsenite
(Ir,Ru)As
 
2
3.12.64Irarsite
(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
3.12.65Tolovkite
IrSbS

Other Names for Froodite

Other Languages:
German:Froodit
Simplified Chinese:单斜铋钯矿
斜铋钯矿
Spanish:Froodita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Froodite

Reference List:

- +
HAWLEY, J.E. & BERRY, L.G. (1958): Michenerite and froodite, palladium bismuth minerals. Canadian Mineralogist 6, 200-209.
CABRI, L.J., HARRIS, D.C. & GAIT, R.I. (1973): Michenerite (PdBiTe) redefined and froodite (PdBi2) confirmed from the Sudbury area. Canadian Mineralogist 11, 903-912.

Internet Links for Froodite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Froodite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Froodite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Thompson Nickel Belt
        • Ospwagan Lake & Paint Lake area
    		Handbook of Mineralogy
    • New Brunswick
      • Kings Co.
        • Cardwell Parish
    		Can. Min. 45, 775; Grammatikopoulos, T.A., Hiebert, R.S., Barr, S.M. and Valeyev, O., (2006) Cu-Ni-PGM Mineralization In The Mechanic Settlement Pluton, Southern New Brunswick, Canada. in Geological Association of Canada, Program with Abstracts Volume 31
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Labrador
        • Voisey´s Bay
    		Kelvin et al. Can. Min. 49, 1505
    • Ontario
      • Rainy River District
    		N. T. Pettigrew, K. H. Hattori, and J. A. Percival. (2000) Samuels Lake intrusion: a Late Archean Cu-Ni-PGE-bearing mafic-ultramafic complex in the western Quetico Subprovince, northwestern Ontario. GSC Current Research 2000 C20
      • Sudbury District
        • Denison Township
    		ontariominerals.com; Canadian Mineralogist (1973): 11: 903-912.
        • Levack
    		Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., (2003), Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
    Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
    Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., (2003), Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
    Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
    Springer (1989) Can. Min. 27, 311-313; Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
    ; Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
        • McKim Township
    		Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
    HAWLEY, J.E. & BERRY, L.G. (1958): Michenerite and froodite, palladium bismuth minerals. Canadian Mineralogist 6, 200-209. CABRI, L.J., HARRIS, D.C. & GAIT, R.I. (1973): Michenerite (PdBiTe) redefined and froodite (PdBi2) confirmed from the Sudbury area. Canadian Mineralogist 11, 903-912. ; Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
    Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
        • Snider Township
    		Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
        • Sudbury
    		Ford, F.D., Wecholaz, C.R. & Lee, A. (2011) Predicting process outcomes for Sudbury platinum-group minerals using grade-recovery modeling from mineral liberation analyzer (MLA) data. Canadian Mineralogist 49, 1627-1642.
    Handbook of Mineralogy; Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
    Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., (2003), Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
        • Worthington offset
    		Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., and Douma, S.L., 2003, Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE Ore Mineralogy Compilation: Sudbury Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI): Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1787
    • Yukon Territory
      • Whitehorse Mining District
        • Kluane District
    		Barkov, A.Y., Laflamme, J.H.G., Cabri, L.J., and Martin, R.F. (2002) Platinum-group minerals from the Wellgreen Cu-Ni-PGE deposit, Yukon, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 651-669.
    China
     
    • Gansu Province
      • Jinchang Prefecture
        • Jinchuan District
    		Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28; Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128; Yang, Xuan-Zhu;Matsueda, Hiroharu;Yui, Shunzo;Dong, Xian-Yang (1992) : Chemical Compositions and Paragenesis of the Platinum-group Element Minerals in the Jinchuan Sulfide Deposit, Gansu Province, China. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy;Vol.XXIII, No.2
    • Yunnan Province
      • Honghe Autonomous Prefecture
        • Jinping Co.
    		Wang, C., and Zhou, M.-F. (2006): Mineralium Deposita 41(8), 771-783
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Havlíčkův Brod (Německý Brod; Deutschbrod)
    		Vavřín, I.: Přehled mineralogie, geochemie a ložisek platinových kovů. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 132-140.
    Finland
     
    • Northern Finland Region
      • Nivala
    		K.K. Kojonen et al.: Can. Mineral. 42:539-544 (2004)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
      • Maksut
    		Prokopyev, I.R., Izokh, A.E., Borisenko, A.S., Naumov, E.A., and Seltmann, R. (2010): Presented at the 11th International Platinum Symposium, June 21-24, 2010.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan Shield
          • Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence
    		[Lapis 1993:4 p.13-20]
    [AmMin 85:199]
      • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
        • Taimyr Peninsula
          • Putoran Plateau
            • Noril'sk
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    The Canadian Mineralogist; February 2009; v. 47; no. 1; p. 53-62
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sayan Mts
          • Eastern Sayan
    		Alexander V. Dedeev et al (2002) The PGE-Bearing Sulphide Ores of the Kingash Mafic-Ultramafic Differentiated Intrusion and Ore Processing Characteristics, East Sajan, Russia. 9th annual platinum symposium
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Lake Onega
          • Zaonezhie peninsula
            • Velikaya Guba uran-vanadium deposit
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 83, pages 1118, 1998; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Platinum-group minerals in the PGE deposit of the Fedorovo-Pansky layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula
    33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Platinum-group minerals in the PGE deposit of the Fedorovo-Pansky layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    South Africa
     
    • Eastern Cape Province
      • Alfred Nzo District
        • Insizwa
    		Minerals of South Africa; Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 19, pp. 607-618 (1981)
    • North West Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
          • Rustenburg Mine
    		Economic Geology (1990) 85:537-555
    Switzerland
     
    • Aargau
      • Laufenburg
        • Kaisten
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 171.
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Wigtownshire)
        • Newton Stewart
    		MinMag 68(2):395-411
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Bethel Borough
        • Goodnews Bay
          • Salmon River - Red Mountain District
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    Mineral and/or Locality
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