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Alunogen

Big Photo

Le Gua, Aubin, Decazeville coal basin, Decazeville, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrénées, France
© Elmar Lackner

Show Alunogen Photos (23)
Formula:
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·17H
 
2
O
System:TriclinicColour:Colorless to white - ...
Lustre:Vitreous, SilkyHardness:1½ - 2
Name:From the Greek "to make alum."


A hydrated aluminium sulfate.

Classification of Alunogen

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/C.08-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.CB.45

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 7th edition ID:29.8.6.1
Dana 8th edition ID:29.8.6.1

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
8 : A2(XO4)3·H2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.6.7

25 : Sulphates
6 : Sulphates of Al and Tl
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Physical Properties of Alunogen

Lustre:Vitreous, Silky
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Colorless to white - often tinted yellowish or reddish by impurities; colourless in transmitted light..
Comment:Single crystals are colourless; aggregates white and tints.
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):1½ - 2

Crystallography of Alunogen

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Morphology:Crystals rare, small; prismatic [001] or {010} with a hexagonal outline about [010]. Commonly as delicate fibrous masses or crusts; effloresences; massive, fibrous.
Twinning:On {010}.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Alunogen

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.473 nβ = 1.474 nγ = 1.480
2V:Measured: 31° to 69°, Calculated: 46°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.007

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:none

Chemical Properties of Alunogen

Formula:
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·17H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, H, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Al, H, O, S

Relationship of Alunogen to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
7.CB.05Dwornikite
(Ni,Fe)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Gunningite
(Zn,Mn)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Kieserite
MgSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Poitevinite
(Cu,Fe,Zn)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Szmikite
MnSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Szomolnokite
FeSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Cobaltkieserite
CoSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.10Bonattite
CuSO
 
4
·3H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Aplowite
(Co,Mn,Ni)SO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Boyleite
(Zn,Mg)SO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Ilesite
(Mn,Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Rozenite
FeSO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Starkeyite
MgSO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15IMA2002-034
CdSO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Chalcanthite
CuSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Jôkokuite
MnSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Pentahydrite
MgSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Sanderite
MgSO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Siderotil
FeSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Bianchite
(Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Chvaleticeite
(Mn,Mg)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Ferrohexahydrite
FeSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Hexahydrite
MgSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Moorhouseite
(Co,Ni,Mn)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Nickelhexahydrite
(Ni,Mg,Fe)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.30Retgersite
NiSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Bieberite
CoSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Boothite
CuSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Mallardite
MnSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Melanterite
FeSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Zincmelanterite
(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Alpersite
(Mg,Cu)[SO
 
4
] · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Epsomite
MgSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Goslarite
ZnSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Morenosite
NiSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.45Meta-alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·12H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Coquimbite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·9H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Paracoquimbite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·9H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Rhomboclase
HFe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.60Kornelite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.65Quenstedtite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·10H
 
2
O
7.CB.70Lausenite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.75Lishizhenite
ZnFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·14H
 
2
O
7.CB.75Römerite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·14H
 
2
O
7.CB.80Ransomite
CuFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Apjohnite
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Bílinite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Dietrichite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Halotrichite
FeAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Pickeringite
MgAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Redingtonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Wupatkiite
(Co,Mg,Ni)Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.90Meridianiite
MgSO
 
4
·11H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
25.6.1Rostite
Al[OH|SO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
25.6.2Jurbanite
Al[OH|SO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
25.6.3Khademite
Al[F|SO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
25.6.4Meta-aluminite
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
4
|SO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
25.6.5Aluminite
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
4
|SO
 
4
] · 7H
 
2
O
25.6.6Meta-alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·12H
 
2
O
25.6.8Felsőbányaite
Al
 
4
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
25.6.9Basaluminite
25.6.10Hydrobasaluminite
Al
 
4
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · 12-36H
 
2
O
25.6.11Zaherite
Al
 
12
[(OH)
 
26
|(SO
 
4
)
 
5
] · 20H
 
2
O
25.6.12Tamarugite
NaAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·6H
 
2
O
25.6.13Mendozite
NaAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·11H
 
2
O
25.6.14Alum-(Na)
NaAl[SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
25.6.15Natroalunite
(Na,K)Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
25.6.16Kalinite
KAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·11H
 
2
O Not confirmed
25.6.17Alum-(K)
KAl[SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
25.6.18Alunite
KAl
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
25.6.19Minamiite
(Na,Ca
 
0.5
,K)Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
25.6.20Tschermigite
(NH
 
4
)Al[SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O

Other Names for Alunogen

Synonyms:
AlunogeniteDaviteHalotrichite (of Hausmann)Halotrichit (of Hausmann)Katharite
KatheriteKeramohalite (of Glocker)KeramostypteriteSaldaniteSolfatarite
Stypterite
French names:
AlunogèneHydrotrisulfate d'alumine
German names:
AlunogenitDavitKatharitKatheritKeramostypterit
Schwefelsaure ThonerdeStipteritStypterit
Italian names:
Alunogeno
Russian names:
Алуноген
Spanish names:
AlunogenitaDavitaKatharitaKatheritaKeramostypterita
Stypterita
Varieties:
Phosphoralunogen

Other Information

Other Information:Readily soluble in water.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Alunogen

Reference List:Beudant, F.S. (1824), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie, 8vo, Paris: 449 (as Hydrotrisulfate d'alumine).

Mill (1828) Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and Art, London: 25: 382 (as Davite).

Beudant, F.S. (1832), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 488 (as Alunogène).

Shepard C.U. (1835) Treatise on Mineralogy. First edition: vols. 2, 3: 188 (as Solfatarite).

Glocker, E.F. (1839) Handbuch der Mineralogie, 2nd. edition, Nürnberg: 689 (as Keramohalite).

Huot, J.J. (1841) Manuel de Minéralogie. 2 volumes, Paris: 2: 451 (as Saldanite).

Glocker, E.F. (1847) Generum et specierum mineralien secundum ordines naturals digestorum synopsis. Halle: 297 (as Stypterit).

Hausmann, J.F.L. (1847) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen. Second edition: vol. 2, in two parts: 2: 1174 (as Halotrichit).

Rammelsberg, C.F. (1875) Handbuch der Mineralchemie. second edition: 269 (as Haarsalz).

Jirkovsky (1928) cited in Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 106.

Larsen, Esper Signius & George Steiger (1928), Dehydration and optical studies of alunogen, nontronite, and griffithite: American Journal of Science, 5th. series: 15: 1-19.

Lausen (1928) American Mineralogist: 13: 208.

Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3B]: 4404.

Petrov (1933) Trav. Inst. Pétrog. Ac. Sc. U.R.S.S., no. 3: 89.

Zavaritsky (1935) Trans. Centr. Geol. & Prosp. Inst., Leningrad, no. 35.

Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 21: 164-178.

Gordon (1942) Academy of Science of Philadelphia, Not. Nat., no. 101

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 537-540.

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    Localities for Alunogen

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Guttaring
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Lower Austria
      • St Pölten
        • Statzendorf
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten österreichs (1993)
      • Waldviertel
        • Mühldorf
          • Amstall
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection
    • Salzburg
      • Dienten
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    • Styria
      • Köflach
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Ashcroft Mining Division
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
      • Kamloops Mining Division
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
      • Vernon Mining Division
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
    • Nova Scotia
      • Cumberland Co.
        • Spring Hill
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
      • Inverness Co.
        • Cape Breton Island
          • St Rose
    		CanMin 16:17-22, (1978).
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • El Loa Province
        • Calama
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 620.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 620.
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Pampa del Tamarugal
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
      • Pica
        • Altos de Pica
    		Sulphides analysed by geology dep. of company; sulphates, phosphates, analysed by Bob Jenkins (Usa) 2007
    China
     
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Wuhai League
        • Wuda District
          • Wuda Coal mining area
    		American Mineralogist: 90: 1729-1739.
    Am Min 90:1729-1739
    • Yunnan Province
      • Baoshan Prefecture
        • Tengchong Co.
    		Zhao, P., and Liao, Z. (1995): Proceedings of the 17th NZ Geothermal Workshop, 87-90.
    Colombia
     
    • Capital District (Santa Fé de Bogotá District)
    		No reference listed
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kladno
          • Libušin
    		No reference listed
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
    		No reference listed
        • Skřivaň
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
      • Hradec Králové Region
        • Trutnov (Trautenau)
          • Radvanice
    		Jirásek, J.: Thermal Changes of the Rocks in the Dump Pile of the Kateřina Colliery in Radvanice (Eastern Bohemia). Ostrava: VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Institute of Geological Engineering - 541, 2001. 69 p.
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
      • Liberec Region
    		Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
      • Pardubice Region
    		Prachař, I.: Současný stav výskytu nerostů ve Chvaleticích. Acta musei Reginaehradecensis, série A: vědy přírodní, 1981, roč. XVI., s. 99-102.
      • Ústí Region
        • Most
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
    France
     
    • Franche-Comté
      • Haute-Saône
        • Ronchamp
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Aveyron
        • Decazeville
          • Decazeville coal basin
            • Aubin
    		R. Pierrot, R. Pulou, P. Picot : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 7 : Aveyron", BRGM, 1977
    R. Pierrot, R. Pulou, P. Picot : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 7 : Aveyron", BRGM, 1977
    http://www.pangeaminerals.com/aveyron/houiller/houiller.htm
        • Millau
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
      • Lot
        • Capdenac
    		Ref: Inventoire mineralogique de la France no.10 - Bureau de Recherches Geologiques en Minieres, 1982, ISBN 2-7159-0012-0
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
        • L'Arbresle
          • Sain-Bel
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
    French West Indies
     
    • Lesser Antilles
      • Martinique
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Zwiesel
            • Bodenmais
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Alsdorf
    		Aufschluss 77(2), 70-72; Sindern, S., Warnsloh, J. M., Witzke, T., Havenith, V., Neef, R. & Etoundi, Y. (2005): Mineralogy and geochemistry of vents formed on the burning coal mining waste dump Anna I, Alsdorf, Germany. Eur. J. Mineral. 17, Beih. 1, 130.
      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
        • Essen
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Recklinghausen
          • Marl-Hüls
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Sauerland
        • Marsberg
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
    		Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Kolitsch, U., Sebold, D., Neue Funde aus der Vulkaneifel , Mineralien-Welt 15/3, 58-69, 2004
    • Saxony
      • Dresden
        • Freital
    		Thalheim, K.; Reichel, W. & Witzke, T. (1991): Die Minerale des Döhlener Beckens.- Schriften des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden, Nr. 3
    Thalheim, K.; Reichel, W. & Witzke, T. (1991): Die Minerale des Döhlener Beckens.- Schriften des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden, Nr. 3
      • Oberlausitz
        • Kamenz
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Niesky
          • Horscha
    		Witzke, T. & Giesler, T. (2007): Der Schieferabbau Pansberg bei Horscha in der Lausitz, Sachsen. Lapis 32 (7-8), 68-73; 86.
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
    		No reference listed
    • Macedonia Department
      • Chalkidiki Prefecture
        • Cassandra Mines
    		http://www.brgm.fr/mineo/SiteReport/European_ores_geologF.pdf
    Guatemala
     
    • Quetzaltenango Department
      • El Palmar
        • Santiaguito Dome (Santiaguito Volcano)
    		www.excaliburmineral.com/
    Hungary
     
    • Baranya Co.
      • Mecsek Mts.
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Borsodi Mts.
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
      • Bükk Mts.
        • Miskolc
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
      • Zempléni Mts.
        • Telkibánya
    		Szakáll & Weiszburg: Telkibánya
    • Fejér Co.
      • Vértes Mts.
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    • Heves Co.
      • Bükk Mts.
    		Szakáll & Jánosi. Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    • Komárom-Esztergom Co.
      • Gerecse Mts.
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    • Pest Co.
      • Börzsöny Mts.
        • Nagybörzsöny
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Bakony Mts.
        • Nyirád
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Phlegrean Fields
          • Cape Miseno
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 396, 539.
          • Pozzuoli
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539; De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
    Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Sestri Levante
    		Antofilli M., Borgo E., Palenzona A. (1983): I Nostri Minerali. Geologia e Mineralogia in Liguria. Sagep, Ed., Genova, 295 pp.
    • Sardinia
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Furtei
    		Da Pelo, S. & Frau, F (2000): Magnesian aubertite, (Cu,Mg)Al(SO4)2Cl·14H4O, from the gold mine of Furtei in Sardinia, Italy. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 2000(6), 279-288.
    • Sicily
      • Messina Province
        • Lipari
          • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
            • Vulcano Island
    		GARAVELLI A., GRASSO M.F., VURRO F. (1996): Mineral occurrence and depositional processes at Baia di Levante area (Vulcano Island, Italy). - Mineralogica et Petrographica Acta - 39, 251- 261.
              • Porto Levante
    		GARAVELLI A., GRASSO M.F., VURRO F. (1996): Mineral occurrence and depositional processes at Baia di Levante area (Vulcano Island, Italy). - Mineralogica et Petrographica Acta - 39, 251- 261.
    GARAVELLI A., GRASSO M.F., VURRO F. (1996): Mineral occurrence and depositional processes at Baia di Levante area (Vulcano Island, Italy). - Mineralogica et Petrographica Acta - 39, 251-261.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Capoliveri
            • Cape Calamita Mine (Calamita Mine)
    		P. Rögner, M. Hanauer, F. Senesi (2000) - Elba orientale: nuovi ritrovamenti - Riv. Min. It., 24, 2: 102-109.
          • Rio Marina
            • Rio Mine (Rio Marina Mine)
    		E. Manasse, 1911 – Sopra alcuni minerali della Toscana – Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat., Mem. serie A, 27: 1-19.
      • Siena Province
        • Chiusdino
    		Mineralogical Record, 15 (1), 27-36.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Qaraghandy Oblysy (Karaganda Oblast')
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • East Camp
    		Panczner (1987): 77-395.
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Tongariro
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
        • Taupo
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Norway
     
    • Hordaland
      • Kvinnherad
        • Hardanger
    		Ellingsen, R.(1989):" Funn av sjeldne sulfatmineraler i Kvinnherad". NAGS-nytt 16(1), 25-26
    • Nordland
      • Fauske
        • Øvrevatnet
          • Solvik
    		Neumann (1985, p. 110).
      • Rødøy
        • Tonnes
    		Rekstad (1912, pp. 65-66 and 1925, p. 27); Neumann (1985, p. 110).
    Rekstad (1912, pp. 65-66 and 1925, p. 27); Neumann (1985, p. 110).
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
    		Siuda, R.: Wieściszowice. Otoczak, 2004, nr. 31, p. 58-65.
    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
      • Upper Silesian Coal Basin
        • Katowice area
          • Łaziska
    		Lukasz Kruszewski 2005: Minerals arising in cause of underground fires of "Skalny" coal mine dump in Laziska (Upper Silesia, Poland). Mag. Thesis (unpublished)
    Portugal
     
    • Beja District
      • Mértola
    Romania
     
    • Fogaras Co.
    		No reference listed
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
    Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Pohronský Inovec Mts
        • Nová Baňa
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
      • Starohorské Mts
        • Špania Dolina ore belt
    		Koděra, M., a kol.: Topografická mineralogie Slovenska. Sv. 3 Sed-Ž, Bratislava, Veda 1990, s. 1247-1256.
      • Štiavnica Mts
        • Banská Štiavnica Mining District
    Koděra, M., a kol.: Topografická mineralogie Slovenska. Sv. 1 A-Kl, Bratislava, Veda 1986, s. 448-472.
          • Vyhne
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Smolnik Mining District
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    • Prešov Region
      • Northern Slanské Mts
        • Červenica (Czerwenitza)
          • Dubník
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    David Parfitt collection
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    • Žilina Region
      • Northern Low Tatra Mts
    		Ozdin D., Chovan M., 1999: New mineralogical and paragenetic knowledge about siderite veins in the vicinity of Vyšná Boca, Nízke Tatry Mts. Slov. Geol. Magazine, Bratislava, 5, 4, 255-271
    South Africa
     
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Eastern Bushveld Complex
        • Lydenburg District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Huelva
    		Bocamina, (4), (1999) 50-86.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Camborne
            • Tuckingmill
    		[British Museum (NH) specimen BM1915,186]
        • Mount's Bay District
          • Penzance - Ludgvan Area
            • Penzance
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Black Hills (Black Hill Range)
          • Verde District
            • Jerome
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 107; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 26, 27, 28-29, 31, 32, 61-78; Reber, L.E., Jr. (1938), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 145: 49; Univ. of AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17), Mineralogy of Useful Minerals in AZ: 25, 27, 56; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of AZ: 9, 12, 15, 16, 20, 24; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 63; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229.
    • California
      • Alameda Co.
        • Oakland
          • Leona Heights
    		No reference listed
    [MinRec 20:129-142]
      • Contra Costa Co.
        • Clayton
    		www.mineralsocal.org
      • Merced Co.
        • Stayton District
          • Hollister
            • Mariposa Peak
    		Min.Rec.: 20:427-434.
      • Shasta Co.
        • Lassen Volcanic National Park
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
      • Sonoma Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539; Mineralogica Record: 24(5): 349.
    • Colorado
      • Delta Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 13, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
      • Dolores Co.
        • Lone Cone District (Dunton District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Foothill District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
        • Golden
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
        • Morrison Area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
      • Teller Co.
    		Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
    • Maine
      • Oxford Co.
        • Rumford
    		King, V. and Foord, E. 1994, Mineralogy of Maine
    • Massachusetts
      • Franklin Co.
        • Rowe
    		Cerato, A.. 2003: Mineralogical Study of Davis Mine, Rowe, MA, Using X-Ray Diffraction Techniques
    • Missouri
      • Boone Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
      • Henry Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
      • Vernon Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Cactus Springs District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Gerlach
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Tobin and Sonoma Range District
    		R. C. Peterson et al.: Am. Min.: 90 (2005), in press
      • Storey Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Washoe Co.
        • Pyramid District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    MinRec 16(1):25-31
    • New Mexico
      • Catron Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
        • Wilcox District
          • Lone Pine Hill area
    		USGS Bull 1451
      • Grant Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
          • Alum Canyon
    		USGS Bull 1451
    USGS Bull 1451
    USGS Bull 1451
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Guadalupe Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
      • Harding Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Luna Co.
        • Cooks Peak District
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • McKinley Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • San Juan Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • San Miguel Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed, 1996
      • Taos Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • New York
      • Tompkins Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 539.
    Jensen, David (1978) The Minerals of New York State, p.52
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
    		Dana 6:1075.
    rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/alunogen.pdf
      • Swain Co.
    		Mineralogical Record March - April 2000
    • Ohio
      • Huron Co.
        • Monroeville
          • West Branch Huron River
    		http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_44706.htm
      • Meigs Co.
        • Langsville
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    • Pennsylvania
    		Gordon, 1922. Mineralogy of Pennsylvania
      • Centre Co.
        • Skytop
          • Bald Eagle Mountain
    		U.S. Geological Survey/ U.s. Department of the Interior
      • Philadelphia Co.
        • Philadelphia
    		Gordon, 1922. Mineralogy of Pennsylvania
    Ref.: Gordon, S.G. (1922) "The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania," Special Publication No. 1, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: p. 125.
    Gordon, 1922. The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania
    • South Dakota
      • Fall River Co.
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
      • Lawrence Co.
        • Galena District
          • Galena
    • Tennessee
      • Sevier Co.
        • Great Smoky Mts
    		Coskren, T. D. & Lauf, R. J. (2000): The Minerals of Alum Cave Bluff, Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee. Mineralogical Record, 31, 163-175.
    • Utah
        • San Rafael District (San Rafael Swell)
          • Calf Mesa
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    Am.Min.40:469
    Patrick Haynes, FOUR CORNERS MINERAL NEWS in New Mexico Mineral Symposium 2004
      • Garfield Co.
        • Escalante Mts
          • Coyote Creek District (Antimony District)
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • San Juan Co.
        • White Canyon District
          • White Canyon
            • Deer Flat
    		USGS Bull 1132
    • Virginia
      • Fredericksburg (City)
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Louisa Co.
        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
          • Mineral
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Prince Edward Co.
        • Farmville District
          • Madisonville
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Washington
      • Yakima Co.
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.40, 60
    Mineral and/or Locality
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