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Gadolinite-(Y)

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Norway
© 2001 John H. Betts

Show Gadolinite-(Y) Photos (68)
Formula:
Y
 
2
Fe
2+
 
Be
 
2
[O|SiO
 
4
]
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Black, greenish-black, ...
Lustre:Vitreous, GreasyHardness:6½ - 7
Name:Named after J. Gadolin (1760-1852), discoverer of yttrium and the "-(Y)" suffix due to the dominance of yttrium in the composition.


Gadolinite-Datolite Group. The yttrium analogue of Gadolinite-(Ce).

Classification of Gadolinite-(Y)

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/B.29-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.AJ.20

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
J : Nesosilicates with BO3 triangles and/or B[4], Be[4] tetrahedra, cornersharing with SiO4
Dana 8th edition ID:54.2.1b.3

54 : NESOSILICATES Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates
2 : Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates with B in [4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.3.23

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
3 : Silicates of Be
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Type Occurrence of Gadolinite-(Y)

Type Locality:Ytterby, Resarö, Vaxholm, Uppland, Sweden

Occurrences of Gadolinite-(Y)

Geological Setting:Granites and alkalic granitic pegmatites

Physical Properties of Gadolinite-(Y)

Lustre:Vitreous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Black, greenish-black, brown
Streak:Grayish green
Hardness (Mohs):6½ - 7
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Splintery, Conchoidal
Density (measured):4.36 - 4.77 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.41 g/cm3

Crystallography of Gadolinite-(Y)

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b (P1 1 21/b) [P21/c] {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 10Å, b = 7.565(2) Å, c = 4.768(1) Å
β = 90.31(2)°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.322 : 1 : 0.63
Unit Cell Volume:V 360.69 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Prismatic, massive

Optical Data of Gadolinite-(Y)

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.770 nβ = 1.790 nγ = 1.820
2V:Measured: 85°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.050

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v distinct

Chemical Properties of Gadolinite-(Y)

Formula:
Y
 
2
Fe
2+
 
Be
 
2
[O|SiO
 
4
]
 
2
Essential elements:Be, Fe, O, Si, Y
All elements listed in formula:Be, Fe, O, Si, Y

Relationship of Gadolinite-(Y) to other Species

Related to:
  • Gadolinite-Datolite Group
    • Common Associates:
    ZirconFluoriteFergusoniteFergusoniteChevkinite
    Allanite
    Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

    - +
    9.AJ.05Grandidierite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		[O
     
    2
    		|BO
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AJ.05Ominelite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		[O
     
    2
    		|BO
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AJ.10Dumortierite
    (Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    7
    		[O
     
    3
    		|BO
     
    3
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.AJ.10Holtite
    (Ta,Sb)Al
     
    6
    		[O
     
    3
    		|BO
     
    3
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.AJ.10Magnesiodumortierite
    (Mg,Ti,[](Al,Mg)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    4
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    18-y
    		(OH)
     
    y
    		B y = 2-3
    9.AJ.15Garrelsite
    Ba
     
    3
    		NaSi
     
    2
    		B
     
    7
    		O
     
    16
    		(OH)
     
    4
    9.AJ.20Bakerite
    Ca
     
    4
    		B
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|HBO
     
    4
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.AJ.20Datolite
    CaB[OH|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AJ.20Gadolinite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La,Nd,Y)
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Be
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Ce)
    Ce
     
    2
    		□Be
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		(OH)
     
    2
    9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Y)
    (Y,Yb,Er)Be[OH|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Yb)
    (Yb,Y)Be[OH|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AJ.20Homilite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)B
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    9.AJ.20Melanocerite-(Ce)
    (Ce,Ca)
     
    5
    		(Si,B)
     
    3
    		O
     
    12
    		(OH,F)·nH
     
    2
    		O
    9.AJ.20Minasgeraisite-(Y)
    Y
     
    2
    		CaBe
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    9.AJ.20Calcybeborosilite-(Y)
    (Y,Ca)
     
    2
    		(B,Be)
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		(OH,O)
     
    2
    9.AJ.25Stillwellite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La,Ca)BSiO
     
    5
    9.AJ.30Cappelenite-(Y)
    Ba(Y,Ce)
     
    6
    		Si
     
    3
    		B
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		F
     
    2
    9.AJ.35Okanoganite-(Y)
    (Na,Ca)
     
    3
    		(Y,Ce)
     
    12
    		Si
     
    6
    		B
     
    2
    		O
     
    27
    		F
     
    14
    9.AJ.35Vicanite-(Ce)
    (Ca,Ce,La,Th)
     
    15
    		As
    5+
     
    		(As
    3+
    0.5
    		,Na
     
    0.5
    		)Fe
    3+
     
    		Si
     
    6
    		B
     
    4
    		O
     
    40
    		F
     
    7
    9.AJ.35Hundholmenite-(Y)
    (Y,REE,Ca,Na)
     
    15
    		(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)(Ca
     
    x
    		As
    3+
    1-x
    		)(Si,As
    5+
     
    		)Si
     
    6
    		B
     
    3
    		(O,F)
     
    48
    9.AJ.35Proshchenkoite-(Y)
    (Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)
     
    15
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Ca(P,Si)Si
     
    6
    		B
     
    3
    		O
     
    34
    		F
     
    14
    9.AJ.40Jadarite
    LiNaSiB
     
    3
    		O
     
    7
    		(OH)
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

    - +
    14.3.1Phenakite
    Be
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    14.3.2Bertrandite
    Be
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    14.3.3Beryllite
    Be
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    14.3.4Liberite
    Li
     
    2
    		Be[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    14.3.5Chkalovite
    Na
     
    2
    		BeSi
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    14.3.6Eudidymite
    Na
     
    2
    		Be
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    15
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    14.3.7Epididymite
    Na
     
    2
    		Be
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    15
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    14.3.8Gugiaite
    Ca
     
    2
    		Be[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    14.3.9Jeffreyite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    2
    		(Be,Al)[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		(O,OH)]
    14.3.10Semenovite-(Ce)
    (Na,Ca)
     
    9
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		(Ce,La)
     
    2
    		[(Si,Be)
     
    5
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    12
    		]
     
    4
    14.3.11Barylite
    BaBe
     
    2
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    14.3.12Hingganite-(Ce)
    Ce
     
    2
    		□Be
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		(OH)
     
    2
    14.3.13Hingganite-(Yb)
    (Yb,Y)Be[OH|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    14.3.14Hingganite-(Y)
    (Y,Yb,Er)Be[OH|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    14.3.15Minasgeraisite-(Y)
    Y
     
    2
    		CaBe
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    14.3.16Sørensenite
    Na
     
    4
    		SnBe
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    16
    		(OH)
     
    4
    14.3.17Trimerite
    CaMn
    2+
    2
    		Be
     
    3
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    14.3.18Chiavennite
    CaMnBe
     
    2
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    13
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    14.3.19Tvedalite
    (Ca,Mn)
     
    4
    		Be
     
    3
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    17
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    14.3.20Harstigite
    Ca
     
    6
    		(Mn,Mg)Be
     
    4
    		Si
     
    6
    		(O,OH)
     
    24
    14.3.21Sverigeite
    NaMnMgSnBe
     
    2
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    12
    		(OH)
    14.3.22Joesmithite
    [(Ca,Pb)][(Ca,Pb)
     
    2
    		][(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|BeSi
     
    7
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    14.3.24Gadolinite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La,Nd,Y)
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Be
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    14.3.25Calciogadolinite
    (Y,Ca)
     
    2
    		(Fe,Fe)Be
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		(O,OH)
     
    10

    Other Names for Gadolinite-(Y)

    Synonyms:
    YtterbiteYttrite
    Other Languages:
    German:Gadolinit-(Y)
    Schwarzer Zeolith
    Ytterbit
    Yttrit
    Russian:Гадолинит-(Y)
    Spanish:Ytterbita
    Yttrita
    Swedish:Yttersten

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Gadolinite-(Y)

    Reference List:Klaproth, M.H. (1802): Chemische Untersuchung des Gadolinits, Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, Dritter Band, Rottmann Berlin, 52-79

    American Mineralogist: 69: 948-953.

    Internet Links for Gadolinite-(Y)

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Gadolinite-(Y) details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Gadolinite-(Y)

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
      • Pilbara Region
    		Simpson, Edward S., 1928, Famous Mineral Localities: Wodgina, North West Australia, American Mineralogist, Volume 13, pages 457-468.
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Gastein valley
          • Böckstein
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
        • Untersulzbach valley
    		collection of Martin Slama
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Ziller valley
          • Zamser Grund (Zams valley)
            • Schrammacher Mt.
    		M. Moro collection (SEM-EDS probed by UNIMI, 2006)
    Canada
     
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Labrador
    		Miller (1996), Can.Min.: 34:349-371; Salvi & Williams-Jones (1995); Am.Min.: 80:1031-1040; Miller (1990), Newfoundland Dept. of Mines & Energy Geol. Sur. Report 90-1: 171-182.
    • Ontario
      • Renfrew Co.
        • Lyndoch Township
          • Quadeville
    		ontariominerals.com
    China
     
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Dayu Co.
    		Rucheng Wang, Fontan, F., Xiaoming Chen, Huan Hu, Changshi Liu, Shijin Xu, and de Parseval, P. (2003): Canadian Mineralogist 41, 727-748.
        • Longnan Co.
    		Zhiwei Bao and Zhenhua Zhao (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 519-535.
    Finland
     
    • Länsi-Suomen Lääni
      • Kangasala
    		Vorma et al 1966 Bulletin de la Commission Geologique de Finlande 222
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Luzenac
    		[Le Cahier des Micromonteurs 1990, 4, p.3,8-12]
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Courmayeur
        • Les Grandes Jorasses Massif
          • Ferret Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Lombardy
      • Varese Province
        • Ceresio Valley
    		Guastoni A., Pezzotta F., Demartin F., 2004. Contributo alla mineralogia del granofiro di Cuasso al Monte: recenti determinazioni su esemplari del MSNM. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 28, 4: 194-202.
    • Piedmont
      • Biella Province
        • Cervo Valley
    		Piccoli, G. C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., & Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo F. Eusebio - Alba, 607 pag.
            • Balma
    		Piccoli, G. C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., & Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo F. Eusebio - Alba, 607 pag.
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Baveno
          • Oltrefiume
            • Mount Camoscio
    		[MinRec 14:157]
        • Formazza Valley
          • Formazza
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Vallone del Vannino
    		Mattioli, V. (1985): Un nuovo minerale alpino nell'Ossola (No). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1985, 129-134
        • Mergozzo
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Omegna
          • Agrano
    		Am Min 90:1442-1452
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Beura-Cardezza
    		Calanchi, N. (1979): Brevi segnalazioni: Gadolinite di Beura (Val d'Ossola). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, III, 2, 49-50.
          • Divedro Valley
            • Varzo
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Vigezzo Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \"F. Eusebio\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
            • Toceno
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 23 (1), 42-49.
          • Villadossola
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2 157-170.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Bolzano Province (South Tyrol)
        • Vizze Valley (Pfitsch Valley)
          • San Giacomo
    		M. Moro collection (SEM-EDS probed by UNIMI, 2006)
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kinki Region
        • Shiga Prefecture
          • Otsu City
    		Nakatsugawa Mineral Museum (Gifu Prefecture, Japan)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya [Eastern-Kazakhstan] Oblast')
      • Tarbagatai Range
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Mongolia
     
    • Hovd Aimag (Khovd Aimag)
      • Altai Mts
    		P.M.Kartashov data
          • Mount Ulyn Khuren
    		Kartashov P.M., Voloshin A.V., PakhomovskiiYa.A. On the zonal crystaline gadolinite from the alkaline granite pegmatites of Haldzan Buragtag (Mongolian Altai), - Zapiski VMO, 1993,N3,p. 65-79.
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
    		[http://home.sol.no/~rwerner/articles/evje-pegmatites.html]
        • Landsverk
    T.T. Garmo (1974, pers. com.); Neumann (1985, p. 103).
      • Iveland
    		Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
    O.F. Frigstad (1970, pers. com.); Neumann (1985) : Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 117
        • Frikstad (Frigstad)
    		Bjørlykke (1939).
    Revheim, O. (2004): Neue Funde von Gadolinit-(Y) und anderen Mineralien aus dem Steinbruch ”Slobrekka” bei Iveland, Norwegen. Mineralien-Welt 15 (2), 36-43
    Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
    Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
    No reference listed
    Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
    • Finnmark
      • Kautokeino
    • Nordland
      • Hamarøy
        • Finnøy
    		Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28.
    Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28.
      • Tysfjord
    		Nilssen, B. (1973): Gadolinite from Hundholmen, Tysfjord, North Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 55. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 53, 343-348
    • Østfold
      • Råde
    		Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
    Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
      • Våler
    		Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
    • Telemark
      • Drangedal
        • Tørdal
    		Bergstøl, S. & Juve, G. (1988). Scandian ixiolite, pyrochlore and bazzite in granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology, 38:229-243
    Kristiansen, R. (1998): Høydalen Litium-pegmatitt-Tørdal i Telemark. STEIN 25 (4), 21-30
    • Vest-Agder
      • Farsund
        • Lista
    		Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
      • Flekkefjord
        • Hidra (Hitterø)
    		Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
    Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
    Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
    Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
    Schetelig, J. (1922): Gadolinit. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 88-123
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Świdnica District
    		Chabros E., Dzierżanowski P., Kozłowski P. 2002: Post-magmatic rare-earth-element mineralisation in the granitoid Strzegom Massif, SW Poland. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 20, 71-73
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic
    		Savel’eva, V.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 681-696.
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
    		P.M. Karashov data
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sangilen Upland
    		Kapustin Yu.L. (1989) Cerite and ternebohmite from fenites of alkaline massifs of Tuva, - Zapiski VMO, 118(4), p. 47-56 (in Rus.)
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Khabarovskiy Kray
    		no reference
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    A.V. Voloshin, Ya.A. Pakhomovskii Minerals and mineralformation evolution in amazonite pegmatites of Kola peninsula, - Leningrad, Nauka, 1986, pp.168.
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Southern Siberia
      • Sayan Mts
        • Eastern Sayan
    		Savel\'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) Rare earth\'s minerals of alkaline metasomatites of Main Sayan Fault zone, - Zapiski RMO, N2, pp.14-35 (in Rus.).
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Ilmen Mts
            • Ilmen Natural Reserve
              • Lake Ishkul'
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Namaqualand
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Joongwon-gun
          • Mt. Eorae
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Spain
     
    • Madrid
    		Garcia G., Gonzalez C., Bueno A. (2004) - Cadalso de los Vidrios (Madrid), Bocamina, n° 14, pp: 12-46.
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Falun
    		Kjellman et al. (1999) Canadian Mineralogist: 37: 832-833.
    Hintze, C.: Handbuch der Mineralogie
    Zittel, K. (1860): Mittheilungen ..., Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde, Jahrgang 1860, 788 ff
    Zittel, K. (1860): Mittheilungen ..., Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde, Jahrgang 1860, 788 ff
      • Gagnef
        • Mockfjärd
    • Lappland
      • Jokkmokk
        • Varjisträsk
    • Uppland
      • Vaxholm
        • Resarö
    		Am Min 59 (1974), 700
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Vorderrhein Valley
        • Tujetsch (Tavetsch)
          • Nalps Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 175.
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 175.
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Leventina
        • Bedretto Valley
          • Ronco
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 175.
          • Valleggia Valley
    		Dollinger, J., Mullis, J., Stern, W. (1999): Spezielle Nadelquarzfunde aus dem Val Bedretto (Ti). Schweizer Strahler, 11, 545–564
      • Lugano lake
        • Carona
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 175.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Binn Valley
        • Chummibort
    		Cuchet, S., van der Burgt, A. und Meisser, N. (2005): Chummibort, eine neue Fundstelle für Arsenmineralien im Binntal. Schweizer Strahler, Nr. 2, 19-29. (in German/French)
        • Kriegalp Valley (Chriegalp Valley)
    		A. v. d. Burgt, S. Cuchet, Neu: Gadolinit, Aescgynit und Synchisit vom Fleschsee, Binntal (Schweiz), Lapis 04/2005 p. 19ff
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 175.
        • Saflisch Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 175.
    Tajikistan
     
    • Viloyati Sogd (Viloyati Sughd; Viloyati Khodzhent; Viloyati Leninabad)
      • Gissar Range
    		P.M. Kartashov data
      • Kuraminskii Range
        • Shaidan Massif
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Skye
          • Luib
    		S.Rust collection
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Mohave Co.
        • Aquarius Mts (Aquarius Range; Peacock Range)
          • Hackberry District
            • Hackberry
    		Rocks & Min.: 21:505.
          • Wallapai District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 134, 227; Thomas, B.E. (1953), Geol. of the Chloride quadrangle, AZ, Geol. Soc. of America Bull.: 64:391-420.
      • Pima Co.
        • Rincon Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 227, 427; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
    • Colorado
      • Boulder Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Chaffee Co.
        • Buena Vista
    		Rocks & Min.: 64: 471.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    No reference listed
        • Clear Creek pegmatite Province
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
      • Douglas Co.
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 13, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
      • Fremont Co.
        • Cotopaxi District
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 15, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
      • Jefferson Co.
        • South Platte Pegmatite District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
      • Park Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
        • Bethlehem
    		No reference listed
    Leonard S.Wiener and Sigrid Ballew,1995, Updated by Kenny Gay,2006, A Listing Of North Carolina Minerals,Geologic Note No.4
    • Washington
      • Okanogan Co.
        • Golden Horn Batholith
    		Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8; Rocks and Minerals, 66:6, p. 454; American Mineralogist, V.73, p.1191-1194
    • Wisconsin
      • Waupaca Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals 79:6 pp409-411
    Mineral and/or Locality
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