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Graftonite

Big Photo

Groton, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
© Peter Haas

Show Graftonite Photos (6)
Formula:
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Salmon-pink to reddish ...
Hardness:5
Name:After the type locality, Grafton, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA.


A primary phosphate mineral found in complex granitic pegmatites.

Classification of Graftonite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/A.04-20
Strunz 9th edition ID:8.AB.
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.AB.20

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:38.3.3.1

38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
3 : (AB)3(XO4)2
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.12.36

19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Graftonite

Type Locality:Melvin Mountain, Grafton, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, USA
Year of Discovery:1900
Geological Setting of type material:Complex granite pegmatite.

Occurrences of Graftonite

Geological Setting:Complex granitic pegmatites.

Physical Properties of Graftonite

Lustre:Vitreous, Resinous
Colour:Salmon-pink to reddish brown; nearly colourless in transmitted light.
Comment:Usually dark brown due to alteration.
Streak:White to faintly pinkish.
Hardness (Mohs):5
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
On {010}, good; on {100}, fair, but not eaily observed.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.67 - 3.79 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.72 g/cm3
Comment:Measured values vary with the ratio of Fe:Mn:Ca. 3.775 = measured (from Nickel Plate Mine, SD, USA).

Crystallography of Graftonite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b (P1 1 21/b) [P21/c] {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 8.87Å, b = 11.57Å, c = 6.17Å
β = 99.2°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.767 : 1 : 0.533
Unit Cell Volume:V 625.06 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals are stout prismatic; as rough composite crystals; massive, cleavable.

Epitaxial Relationships of Graftonite

Epitaxial Minerals:
Triphylite
Epitaxi Comments:As coarsely laminated intergrowths with Triphylite, both phases mutually oriented with graftonite {010} [100] parallel to triphylite {102} [010].

Optical Data of Graftonite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.700 nβ = 1.705 nγ = 1.724
2V:Measured: 30° to 60°, Calculated: 56°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.024

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:relatively weak
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X = Colourless
Y = Colourless
Z = Pink

Chemical Properties of Graftonite

Formula:
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
Essential elements:Fe, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Fe, Mn, O, P

Relationship of Graftonite to other Species

Common Associates:
TriphyliteHeterositeFerrisicklerite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
8.AB.05Farringtonite
Mg
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.10Ferrisicklerite
(Fe
3+
 
,LiMn
2+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Heterosite
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Lithiophilite
LiMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Natrophilite
NaMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Purpurite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Sicklerite
(LiMn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Simferite
Li(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Triphylite
LiFe
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.15Sarcopside
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.15Chopinite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.20Beusite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.25Xanthiosite
Ni
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.30Lammerite
Cu
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.35Mcbirneyite
Cu
 
3
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.35Stranskiite
(Zn,Cu)
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.40Lyonsite
Cu
 
3
Fe
 
4
(VO
 
4
)
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
19.12.1Metaswitzerite
Mn
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.2Bermanite
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.12.3Natrophilite
NaMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
19.12.4Sidorenkite
Na
 
3
Mn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
|CO
 
3
]
19.12.5Niahite
(NH
 
4
)(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)[PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
19.12.6Robertsite
Ca
 
3
Mn
3+
4
[(OH)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.12.7Pararobertsite
Ca
 
2
Mn
3+
3
[O
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
19.12.8Sinkankasite
H
 
2
Mn
2+
 
Al[OH|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.9Mangangordonite
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.10Heterosite
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
19.12.11Purpurite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
19.12.12Wolfeite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
19.12.13Triploidite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
19.12.14Lipscombite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.12.15Frondelite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
19.12.16Rockbridgeite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
19.12.17Kryzhanovskite
MnFe
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
·H
 
2
O
19.12.18Landesite
Mn
2+
3-x
Fe
3+
x
[(OH)
 
x
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · (3-x)H
 
2
O
19.12.19Phosphoferrite
(Fe,Mn)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
19.12.20Reddingite
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
19.12.21Earlshannonite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.22Hureaulite
(Mn,Fe)
 
5
H
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.23Switzerite
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·7H
 
2
O
19.12.24Laueite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.25Pseudolaueite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.26Strunzite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.27Stewartite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.28Alluaudite
(Na,Ca)Mn
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.29Ferroalluaudite
(Na,Ca)Fe
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.30Fillowite
{Mn
2+
 
}{Na
 
8
}{Ca
 
4
Na
 
4
}{(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
43
}[PO
 
4
]
 
36
19.12.31Johnsomervilleite
{Ca}{Na
 
6
[ ]
 
2
}{Ca
 
6
Na
 
2
}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
43
}[PO
 
4
]
 
36
19.12.32Wicksite
NaCa
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
4
MgFe
3+
 
[PO
 
4
]
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.33Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)
{KNa}{Mn
2+
 
[ ]}{Ca}{Na
 
3
}{Mn
2+
13
}{Al}[(OH)
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
12
]
19.12.34Sarcopside
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.12.35Ludlamite
(Fe,Mn,Mg)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.37Wilhelmvierlingite
CaMnFe
3+
 
[OH|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.38Fairfieldite
Ca
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.39Beusite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.12.40Messelite
Ca
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.41Jahnsite-(CaMnFe)
CaMn
2+
 
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.42Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)
CaMn
2+
 
Mn
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.43Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)
CaMn
2+
 
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.44Keckite
(Ca,Mg)(Mn
2+
 
,Zn)
 
2
Fe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.45Stanfieldite
Ca
 
7
Ca
 
2
Mg
 
9
[PO
 
4
]
 
12
19.12.46Laubmannite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
Fe
3+
6
[(OH)
 
3
|PO
 
4
]
 
4
19.12.47Zodacite
Ca
 
4
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
19.12.48Hagendorfite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Fe
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.49Maghagendorfite
NaMn(Mg,Fe,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.50Varulite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Mn
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.51Griphite
Na
 
4
Li
 
2
Ca
 
6
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
19
Al
 
8
[(F,OH)|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
 
8
19.12.52Attakolite
(Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)
 
4
[(OH)
 
4
|(SiO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)|(HPO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
19.12.53Arrojadite-(KFe)
{KNa}{Fe
2+
 
[ ]}{Ca}{Na
 
2
[ ]}{Fe
2+
13
}{Al}[(OH)
 
2
|HPO
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
11
]
19.12.54Lun'okite
(Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
2
OH·4H
 
2
O
19.12.55Eosphorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Al[(OH)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
19.12.56Ernstite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)Al[(OH,O)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
19.12.57Childrenite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al[(OH)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
19.12.58Bobfergusonite
Na
 
2
Mn
 
5
FeAl(PO
 
4
)
 
6
19.12.59Qingheiite
NaMn
3+
 
Mg(Al,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
 
3
19.12.60Whiteite-(CaFeMg)
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.61Whiteite-(CaMnMg)
CaMn
2+
 
Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.62Whiteite-(MnFeMg)
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.63Rittmannite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)Mn
2+
 
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.64Zanazziite
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Fe)(Mg,Fe,Al)
 
4
Be
 
4
[(OH)
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
6
] · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.65Samuelsonite
(Ca,Ba)Ca
 
8
Fe
2+
2
Mn
2+
2
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
10
]

Other Names for Graftonite

Synonyms:
Repossite
German names:
Graftonit
Russian names:
Графтонит
Spanish names:
Graftonita

Other Information

Other Information:Readily soluble in acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Graftonite

Reference List:Penfield (1900) American Journal of Science: 9: 20.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 81.

Berman (1927) American Mineralogist: 12: 170.

Grill (1935) Periodico de Mineralogia-Roma: 6: 19 (as Repossite).

Glass and Fahey (1937) American Mineralogist: 22: 1035.

Switzer (1937) American Mineralogist: 23: 814.

Tatarinov (1937) Micas of the U.S.S.R., Leningrad (Min. Abs. (1946): 9: 30).

Parker, de Quervain and Weber (1939) Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Frauenfeld: 9: 302.

Strunz (1939) Zentralblatt Mineralien: 248.

Frondel, C. (1941) American Mineralogist: 26: 145.

Lindberg (1950) American Mineralogist: 35: 59.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 686-688.

American Mineralogist (1968): 53: 742-750.

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    Localities for Graftonite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Transantarctic Mtns
        • Wisconsin Range
    		AmMin 84:1354-1359
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Spitz
          • Miesling valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Doce valley
          • Galiléia
            • Laranjeiras
    		No reference listed
    [MinRec 12:69]
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
    		No reference listed
    China
     
    • Guangdong Province
      • Shaoguan Prefecture
        • Wengyuan Co.
    		M. Chen and X. Xie, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 325-333.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
    		Povondra, P., Pivec, E. (eds.) et al.: Přibyslavice peraluminuous granite. Acta universitatis carolinae, Geologica, 1987, no. 3, s . 183 – 283.
      • Plzeň Region
        • Domažlice
    		Weber, A.: Fosfáty z pegmatitů jz. Čech. Rozpravy II. třídy České akademie, 1948, roč. 58, č. 1.
        • Domažlice (Taus)
          • Otov
    		Čech F., Staněk J., Dávidová Š. (1981): Minerály pegmatitů. - in: Bernard J.H. [ed.]: Mineralogie Československa. Academia, Praha.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Velké Meziříčí
    		Škoda, R., Staněk, J., Čopjaková, R.: Minerální asociace fosfátových nodulí z granitického pegmatitu od Cyrilova u Velkého Meziříčí, Moldanubikum; část 1 – primární a exsoluční fáze. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2007, 92, 59-74.
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
    		Staněk, J.: Fosfáty železa a manganu z pegmatitů v okolí Borů. Minerál, 1999, roč. 7, č. 4, s. 289-293.
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
    		P. Keller, F. Fontan, F. Velasco Roldan, J.C. Melgarejo i Draper : "Stanekite a new Phosphate Mineral in Pegmatites at Karibib (Namibia) and French Pyrénées (France)", European Journal of Mineralogy, 1977, 9, 475-482
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Zwiesel
            • Rabenstein
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Lecco Province
        • Colico
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 688.
      • Sondrio Province
    		Guastoni, A., et al., Mineralogical Magazine 71,579-585(2007)
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Chiyoda-machi
    		Matsubara, S. & Kato, A. (1980) Koubutsugaku Zasshi, 14, 269-286.
    Madagascar
     
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Amoron'i Mania Region
        • Ampandramaika-Malakialina Pegmatite Field
          • Ambatofinandrahana Departement
    		J.Behier (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Serv. Geol.Mad. A 1871
    J. Behier (1960): Contribution à la Mineralogie de Madagascar. Ann.Geol.Mad. XXIX , p 39
    • Mahajanga (Majunga) Province
      • Betsiboka Region
        • Tsaratanàna Department
          • Andriamena Commune
    		J.Behier(1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Serv. Geol.Mad. A 1871
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Jiménez
    		Meteoritics 28:415 (July, 1993)
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Sowie Mts
    		Pieczka A., Łobos K., Sachanbiński M. 2004: The first occurence of elbaite in Poland. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 35, 3-14
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
    		Tatarinov (1937) Micas of the USSR, Leningrad [Min. Abs. (1946): 9:30]; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 688.
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Aggeneys
    		Mineralogical Magazine 66(6):915-927 (2002)
    Spain
     
    • Castile and Leon
      • Salamanca
    		American Mineralogist 89:110-125 (2004)
    • Catalonia
      • Girona (Gerona)
        • Alt Empordà
          • Cadaqués
    		Bareche, E. (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Museu Mollfulleda de Mineralogia - Grup Mineralògic Català, 269 p.
    Sweden
     
    • Ångermanland
      • Sollefteå
    		Can. Mineral. (1998) 36, 377-394
    • Jämtland
      • Bräcke
    		No reference listed
    • Södermanland
      • Haninge
    Canadian Mineralogist (1998) 36 (2), 377-394
    Gustafsson, Lars & Otter, Bertil (1991): Mineralförekomster i Stockholmstrakten.Del 2. STEIN 18(4),4-12
    Switzerland
     
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Lago Maggiore
        • Brissago
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 688; Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 45
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Independence Co.
    		Meteoritics 28:415 (July, 1993)
    • Colorado
      • Larimer Co.
        • Crystal Mountain Pegmatite District (Storm Mountain District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
          • Storm Mountain
    		Rocks & Min.: 62: 234.
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Haddam
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.234.
        • Portland
    		Rocks & Min.: 70:403
    • Maine
      • Oxford Co.
        • Greenwood
    		"Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998
    • New Hampshire
      • Cheshire Co.
        • Alstead
    		Seaman, David (1976) Pegmatite Minerals of the World
    Harvard Museum of Natural History, no.130841
    American Mineralogist (1964): 49: 1149-1150.
      • Grafton Co.
        • Alexandria
    		No reference listed
        • Grafton
    		No reference listed
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 687; Catalogue of Type Mineral Specimens; Comm. on Museums (IMA)
    No reference listed
        • Groton
    		Rocks & Min.:65:359.
    Meyers & Stewart (1956) Geology of NH, Part 3:Minerals & Mines
    No reference listed
    Cameron, et. al. 1954. Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England.
    Rocks & Minerals: 16: 208-211; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 687.
    Whitmore, R.W. and Lawrence, R.C., Jr. (2004): The Pegmatite Mines Known As Palermo.
    Rocks & Min., May 1999.
    No reference listed
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 687.
    Cameron, et. al. 1954. Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England.
        • Orange
    		No reference listed
        • Rumney
    		No reference listed
      • Hillsborough Co.
        • Deering
    		Rocks & Min. 80:256 (2005)
      • Strafford Co.
        • Strafford
    		Rocks & Min.:64:504.
      • Sullivan Co.
        • Acworth
    		Meyers & Stewart (1956). The Geology of NH: Part III Minerals and Mines. p.32
        • Claremont
    		No reference listed
        • Newport
    		No reference listed
        • Springfield
    		Morrill, 1960. NH Mines and Mineral Localities.
    • New Mexico
      • Cibola Co.
        • Zuni Mountains District
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 76, pages 1985-1989, 1991
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Berne
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
          • Custer
    		Rocks & Min.:60:117.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Keystone
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 680, 687; Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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