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Groutite

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Holbrook, Navajo Co., Arizona, USA
© D. Richerson

Show Groutite Photos (30)
Formula:
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
System:OrthorhombicColour:bluish black, jet black
Hardness:3½ - 4
Name:For Frank Fitch Grout (1880-1958), petrologist, University of Minnesota, USA
This page provides mineralogical data about Groutite.

Classification of Groutite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/F.06-80
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.FD.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
D : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:6.1.1.3

6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
1 : XO(OH)
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.18.8

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Groutite

Co-type Localities:Mahnomen pit, Ironton, Cuyuna North Range, Crow Wing Co., Minnesota, USA
Sagamore Mangan No. 2 pit, Ironton, Cuyuna North Range, Crow Wing Co., Minnesota, USA
Year of Discovery:1945

Physical Properties of Groutite

Lustre:Adamantine, Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:bluish black, jet black
Streak:dark brown
Hardness (Mohs):3½ - 4
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=630 - 711 kg/mm2
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {010}
Less perfect {100}
Density (measured):4.144 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.172 g/cm3

Crystallography of Groutite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 4.56Å, b = 10.7Å, c = 2.87Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.426 : 1 : 0.268
Unit Cell Volume:V 140.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Wedge- or lens-shaped crystals
Twinning:Reported

Optical Data of Groutite

Type:Biaxial
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:X= very dark brown to black
Y= yellowish brown

Chemical Properties of Groutite

Formula:
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
Essential elements:H, Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:H, Mn, O

Relationship of Groutite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.FD.05Spertiniite
Cu(OH)
 
2
4.FD.10Bracewellite
CrO(OH)
4.FD.10Diaspore
AlO(OH)
4.FD.10Goethite
α-Fe
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FD.10Guyanaite
CrO(OH)
4.FD.10Montroseite
(V,Fe)O(OH)
4.FD.10Tsumgallite
GaO(OH)
4.FD.15Manganite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FD.20Yttrotungstite-(Y)
YW
 
2
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
4.FD.20Yttrotungstite-(Ce)
(Ce,Nd,Y)W
 
2
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
4.FD.25Frankhawthorneite
Cu
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|TeO
 
4
]
4.FD.30Khinite
Cu
 
3
Pb[(OH)
 
6
|TeO
 
4
]
4.FD.30Parakhinite
Cu
 
3
Pb[(OH)
 
6
|TeO
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.18.1Manganosite
MnO
7.18.2Hausmannite
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.18.3Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
7.18.4Ramsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
7.18.5Akhtenskite
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
7.18.6Feitknechtite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.7Manganite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.9Nsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
7.18.10Pyrochroite
Mn(OH)
 
2
7.18.11Birnessite
(Na,Ca)
 
0.5
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
4
 · 1.5H
 
2
O
7.18.12Aurorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ag,Ca)Mn
4+
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.18.13Cianciulliite
Mn(Mg,Mn)
 
2
Zn
 
2
(OH)
 
10
·2-4H
 
2
O

Other Names for Groutite

German names:
Groutit
Russian names:
Гроутит
Spanish names:
Groutita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:Manganese ore

References for Groutite

Reference List:American Mineralogist (1947): 32: 654-659.

Acta Crystallographica: 24: 1233-1236.

Kohler, T., Armbruster, T., and Libowitzky, E. (1997) Hydrogen bonding and Jahn-Teller distortion in groutite, α-MnOOH, and manganite, γ-MnOOH, and their relations to the manganese dioxides ramsdellite and pyrolusite. Journal of Solid State Chemistry: 133: 486-500.

Internet Links for Groutite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Groutite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Groutite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Groutite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
      • Minas Department
    		Sureda (1978): Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina 33(4):299-324
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Eyre peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		No reference listed
    • Western Australia
      • Pilbara Region
        • Ashburton Shire
    		[MinRec 24:203]
    Min. Record 24,203-218(1993)
    Mineralogical Record 24,203-216,218.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen Mts
        • Bleiberg District
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Canada
     
    • Nova Scotia
      • Hants Co.
        • Walton
    • Québec
      • Richmond Co.
        • Shipton Township
          • Asbestos
    		[MinRec 1979]
    France
     
    • Franche-Comté
      • Haute-Saône
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
    		Perseil, E. A. (1967): Manganese mineralization of the Upper Devonian in Las Cabesses (Ariege). Comptes Rendus du Congres National des Societes Savantes, Section des Sciences 91 (Part 2), 313-321.
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
        • Aure Valley
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Titisee-Neustadt
          • Eisenbach
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Spessart Mts
          • Hösbach
            • Rottenberg
    		Aufschluss 50, 65-78 (1999)
    • Lower Saxony
      • Peine
        • Bülten-Adenstedt
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz Mts
        • Wernigerode
          • Elbingerode
    		Lapis 2003(2), 13-20
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
            • Lavrion Mines
    		No reference listed
    Hungary
     
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Bakony Mts.
        • Eplény
    		Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
        • Úrkút
          • Csárda Hill
    		Szakáll & Jánosi (1996) The Minerals of Hungary
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • La Spezia Province
        • Borghetto Vara
          • Faggiona
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Hiyama Province
    		Hariya (1959) Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 4, 10, 255-262.
    Mexico
     
    • Baja California Norte
    		http://www.minrec.org/pdfs/MR25-General-G_small.pdf
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Mapimí
        • Mapimí
    		Rocks & Min.: 56:247.
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Arendal
        • Arendal Iron Mines
    		Bugge (1962, report 21/9); Neumann (1985, p. 89).
    • Vest-Agder
      • Kristiansand
    		Breivik, H. ; Myre, K. & Larsen, A. O. (2007): Manganforekomster på Sørlandet: Kivikdalen (Kostøl, Ålefjær): Bergverksmuseets Skrift nr 35, 25-31
    Portugal
     
    • Aveiro District
      • Anadia
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
    		Minerals of South Africa
        • N'Chwaning Mines
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302.]
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Murcia
      • Sierra de Cartagena
        • La Unión
          • El Estrecho de San Ginés
    Ukraine
     
    • Kirovohrad Oblast' (Kirovohrads'ka Oblast')
    		Łukasz Kruszewski
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
            • Bisbee
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 240; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 38.
      • Navajo Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 240.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Pinal Mts
          • Pioneer District
            • Superior
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 240.
      • Yuma Co.
        • Kofa Mts (S.H. Mts)
          • Kofa District
            • King of Arizona Mine (King of Arizona property; King of Arizona group of claims; King of Arizona vein; Kofa Mine; Gleason Mine; Homestake claim)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 140.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 240, 315.
            • North Star Mine
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 240, 339, 398.
        • Little Horn Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 240; Cousins, N.B. (1972), Relationship of black calcite to gold and silver mineralization in the Sheep Tanks mining district, Yuma Co., AZ, AZ State Univ. M.S. thesis.
    • Michigan
      • Gogebic Co.
        • Gogebic iron range
          • Wakefield
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
      • Iron Co.
        • Menominee iron range
          • Stambaugh
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Minnesota
      • Crow Wing Co.
        • Cuyuna North Range
          • Ironton
    Amer.Min.(1945) 30, 169
          • Riverton
    		R&M 48:6 p 420
        • Cuyuna Range
    		Min.Rec.: 20(5):390; 21:97; Rocks & Min.: 62:319.
    • Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Candelaria District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Klein, C., Jr: Am.Min.:53:1417 (1968); Klein, C., Jr. & Frondel, C.: Am. Min.:52:858-860 (1967); Dunn(1995):Pt4:593.
    • New Mexico
      • Sierra Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    • New York
      • St Lawrence Co.
    		AmMIn 64:1199-1218
    George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.; George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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