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Hambergite

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Big Photo

Himalaya Mine (Himalaya dikes; Himalaya pegmatite), Gem Hill, Mesa Grande District, San Diego Co., California, USA
© Rob Lavinsky

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Formula:
Be
 
2
(BO
 
3
)(OH)
System:OrthorhombicColour:Colourless, greyish, ...
Hardness:7½
Name:After Axel Hamberg (1863-1933), Swedish mineralogist and geographer, who drew attention to the first specimens.


A pegmatite mineral often occurring with beryl.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Hambergite. Currently in public beta-test.

Classification of Hambergite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/L.02-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:6.AB.05

6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:25.1.1.1

25 : ANHYDROUS BORATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : Monoborates
Hey's CIM Ref.:9.2.1

9 : Borates
2 : Borates of Be and Mg
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-1811.html
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Type Occurrence of Hambergite

Type Locality:Salbutangen, Helgeroa, Langesundsfjorden, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway
Year of Discovery:1890
Geological Setting of type material:Syenite pegmatite
Associated Minerals at type locality:
ZirconSodaliteFluoriteFerro-hornblendeFerro-hornblende
Feldspar GroupBiotiteAnalcime

Occurrences of Hambergite

Geological Setting:Alkali-rich pegmatites (Madagascar); gem gravels (Kashmir).

Physical Properties of Hambergite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Colourless, greyish, yellowish; colourless in transmitted light
Hardness (Mohs):7½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
On {010}; on {100} good.
Density (measured):2.347 - 2.372 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.365 g/cm3

Crystallography of Hambergite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pbca {P21/b 21/c 21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 9.71Å, b = 12.2Å, c = 4.42Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.796 : 1 : 0.362
Unit Cell Volume:V 523.60 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Crystals prismatic [001], frequently flattened {100}. {100} striated [001] with dull and etched terminal faces (large crystals).
Twinning:Twin and composition plane {110}.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Hambergite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.554 - 1.560 nβ = 1.587 - 1.591 nγ = 1.628 - 1.631
2V:Calculated: 87°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.074

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:weak r > v

Chemical Properties of Hambergite

Formula:
Be
 
2
(BO
 
3
)(OH)
Essential elements:B, Be, H, O
All elements listed in formula:B, Be, H, O

Relationship of Hambergite to other Species

Common Associates:
SpodumeneDanburiteBeryl
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
6.AB.10Berborite
Be
 
2
(BO
 
3
)(OH,F) · H
 
2
O
6.AB.15Jeremejevite
Al
 
6
(BO
 
3
)
 
5
(F,OH)
 
3
6.AB.20Warwickite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
Ti(BO
 
3
)
 
2
O
 
2
6.AB.20Yuanfuliite
Mg(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Al,Ti,Mg)(BO
 
3
)O
6.AB.25Karlite
Mg
 
7
(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH,Cl)
 
5
6.AB.30Azoproite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti,Mg)(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.30Bonaccordite
Ni
 
2
Fe
3+
 
(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.30Fredrikssonite
Mg
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.30Ludwigite
Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
 
(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.30Vonsenite
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.35Pinakiolite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Mn
3+
 
(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.40Blatterite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Sb
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.40Chestermanite
Mg
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
,Al,Sb
3+
 
)(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.40Orthopinakiolite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Mn
3+
 
(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.40Takéuchiite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.45Hulsite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Sn)(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.45Magnesiohulsite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Sn,Mg)(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.45Aluminomagnesiohulsite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO
 
3
)O
 
2
6.AB.50Fluoborite
Mg
 
3
(BO
 
3
)(F,OH)
 
3
6.AB.50Hydroxylborite
Mg
 
3
(BO
 
3
)(OH)
 
3
6.AB.55Shabynite
Mg
 
5
(BO
 
3
)(OH)
 
5
(Cl,OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
6.AB.55Wightmanite
Mg
 
5
(BO
 
3
)O(OH)
 
5
 · 2H
 
2
O
6.AB.60Gaudefroyite
Ca
 
4
Mn
3+
2-3
(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)(O,OH)
 
3
6.AB.65Sakhaite
Ca
 
12
Mg
 
4
(BO
 
3
)
 
7
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
Cl
6.AB.70Harkerite
Ca
 
12
Mg
 
4
Al(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
6.AB.75Pertsevite-(F)
Mg
 
2
(BO
 
3
)(F,OH)
6.AB.75Pertsevite-(OH)
Mg
 
2
(BO
 
3
)(OH)
6.AB.80Jacquesdietrichite
Cu
 
2
(H
 
2
BO
 
3
)(OH)
 
3
6.AB.85Painite
CaZrAl
 
9
(BO
 
3
)O
 
15
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
9.2.2Suanite
Mg
 
2
[B
 
2
O
 
5
]
9.2.3Kotoite
Mg
 
3
[BO
 
3
]
 
2
9.2.4Szaibélyite
Mg
 
2
[(OH)(B
 
2
O
 
4
(OH))]
9.2.5Preobrazhenskite
Mg
 
3
B
 
11
O
 
15
(OH)
 
9
9.2.6Aksaite
Mg[B
 
6
O
 
7
(OH)
 
6
] · 2H
 
2
O
9.2.7Wightmanite
Mg
 
5
(BO
 
3
)O(OH)
 
5
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.2.8Pinnoite
Mg[B
 
2
O(OH)
 
6
]
9.2.9Kurnakovite
Mg(H
 
4
B
 
3
O
 
7
)(OH) · 5H
 
2
O
9.2.10Halurgite
Mg
 
2
[B
 
4
O
 
7
]
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
9.2.11Inderite
Mg(H
 
4
B
 
3
O
 
7
)(OH) · 5H
 
2
O
9.2.12Hungchaoite
Mg(B
 
4
O
 
7
) · 9H
 
2
O
9.2.13Admontite
Mg[B
 
6
O
 
7
(OH)
 
6
] · 4H
 
2
O
9.2.14Mcallisterite
Mg
 
2
[B
 
6
O
 
7
(OH)
 
6
]
 
2
 · 9H
 
2
O
9.2.15Rivadavite
Na
 
6
Mg[B
 
6
O
 
7
(OH)
 
6
]
 
4
 · 10H
 
2
O
9.2.16Kaliborite
KMg
 
2
H[B
 
6
O
 
8
(OH)
 
5
]
 
2
(H
 
2
O)
 
4
9.2.17Iquiqueite
K
 
3
Na
 
4
Mg(CrO
 
4
)B
 
24
O
 
39
(OH) · 12H
 
2
O

Other Names for Hambergite

Other Languages:
German:Hambergit
Russian:Гамбергит
Simplified Chinese:硼铍石
Spanish:Hambergita

Other Information

Other Information:Soluble in HF.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Hambergite

Reference List:

- +
Bäckström (1890) Bihang KVAH Bd. 15:2, pp.23-24.

Bröger (1890) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 16: 65.

Lacroix (1909) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 32: 320.

Goldschmidt and Müller (1910) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 48: 473.

Lacroix (1910) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 33: 49 (analysis by Pisani).

Müller (1910) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 48: 473.

Drugman and Goldschmidt (1912) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 50: 596.

Burton (1913) Records of the Geological Survey of India: 43: 168.

Goldschmidt, V. (1918) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 4: 106.

Zachariasen (1931) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 76: 289.

Payne (1939) Gemmologist, London: 9: 33.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 370-372.

Switzer, G.S., Clarke, R.S., Sinkankas, J., and Worthing, H.W. (1965): Fluorine in hambergite. American Mineralogist: 50: 85-95.

Canadian Mineralogist (1995): 33: 1205-1213.

Grew, E.S., and Anovitz, L.M. (1996) BORON: Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, second edition, as revised (2002).

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 275.

Internet Links for Hambergite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Hambergite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Hambergite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Nuristan Province (Nurestan Province; Nooristan Province; Nuristan)
      • Kamdesh District
    		Lyckberg, P. (2011): Edelstein-Pegmatite in Afghanistan: Paprok. Mineralien-Welt. 22 (3): 46-57
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Waratah district
        • Waratah
    		Bottrill
    Burma (Myanmar)
     
    • Shan State
      • Kyaukme District
    		Van King
    Themelis, Ted, 2008, Gems and Mines of Mogok.
            • Khetchel village (Cache village; Khat Che village)
    		Andreas Ertl, John M. Hughes, Stefan Prowatke, Thomas Ludwig, Franz Brandstätter, Wilfried Körner, and M. Darby Dyar (2007): Tetrahedrally coordinated boron in Li-bearing olenite from “mushroom” tourmaline from Momeik, Myanmar. Can. Mineral. 45, 891-899.
    Canada
     
    • Northwest Territories
      • O'Grady Lake area
    		CanMin 41:117-137
    China
     
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Linwu Co.
          • Xianghualing Sn-polymetallic ore field
    		Huang et al. (1988): Hsianghualing rocks, mineral deposits and minerals. Beijing Sci. Techn. Publ. Bur. (Beijing), 255 pp.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • South Bohemia Region
        • České Budějovice (Budweis)
    		Welser, P.: Minerály pegmatitů a alpské parageneze z Rudolfova u Českých Budějovic. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2002, roč. 10, s. 293-297.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • South Moravia Region
        • Znojmo (Znaim)
    		Cech (1961) Occurrence of stokesite in Czechoslovakia. Mineralogical Magazine: 32: 673-675.
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		Škoda, R., Novák, M., Houzar, S.: Granitické NYF pegmatity třebíčského plutonu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2006, roč. 91, s. 129 - 176.
    Italy
     
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
    		Gramaccioli C.M., Pilati T. (1977) - Hambergite dell'Elba. Periodico di mineralogia – Roma, pp. 5-9 and Mineralogical Record, 16 (5), 353-363.
    Orlandi, P., & Pezzotta, F. (1997). Minerali dell'Isola d'Elba. Edizioni Novecento Grafico, Bergamo, 249 pp.
    Pezzotta, F., & Guastoni, A. (2007). Hambergite, helvite e pirofanite nelle pegmatiti elbane. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2007, 166-168.
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Vakinankaratra Region
        • Betafo District
          • Ambohimanambola Commune
    		Lacroix, A. (1909): Sur la hambergite de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie, Paris. 32, 320-324; Wilson, W.E. (1989) The Anjanabonoina pegmatite, Madagascar. Mineralogical Record 20: 191-200 Min. Record 20 (1989), p 191-200/
          • Andrembesoa Commune
    		Lacroix, A. (1922): Mineralogie de Madagascar, Tome I. Géologie-Minéralogie descriptive. A.Challamel (Éditeur), Paris. p 338-39 ; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 371.
    Gratacap, L. P. (1916): Some minerals from Madagascar as described in prof. A Lacroix's Mineralogie de France et ses colonies. American Mineralogist, 1: 17-34
        • Sahatany Pegmatite Field (Mt Ibity area)
          • Manandona Valley
    		Extra Lapis nr 17. Madagascar p 54 (german edition); Nizamoff, J.W. et al.(2000): Recent mining at the Antandrokomby pegmatite, Madagascar. 26th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium. Rocks & Minerals, july 2000
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection
    De Ascenção Guedes, R., Lebocey, J., Bayle, L.-D. & Chappero, P.-J. (2011): Munich 2011. Le Règne Minerál. 102, 10-29 [p. 22 + 29]
    Larsen, K. E. (2003): Mineralene i Sahatany pegmatittfelt, Madagaskar. Bergverksmuseets skrifter 25, 5-18 (in norwegian)
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 371; Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive
    Pezzotta, F. (2011): Neufunde in Madagascar-Edle Liddicoatite in Spitzenqualität. ExtraLapis 41, 66-71
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Amoron'i Mania Region
        • Ambatofinandrahana District
          • Mandrosonoro area
            • Ambatovita
    		Pezzotta, F. (2005): Pezzottaite. Ad Ambatovita in Madagascar una scoperta tra avventura e scienza. Rivista Mineralogical Italiana. 30 (2): 88-103
    Mozambique
     
    • Zambezia Province
      • Alto Ligonha District
    		 Thomas, R., Davidson, P. (2010): Hambergite-rich melt inclusions in morganite crystals from the Muiane pegmatite, Mozambique and some remarks on the paragenesis of hambergite. - Mineralogy and Petrology, 100, 3-4, 227-23
    Nepal
     
    • Kosi Zone (Koshi Zone)
      • Sankhuwasabha District (Sankhuwa Sahba; Shankuwa-Sava)
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection ; Robinson, G. W. & King, V. T. (1993): What’s New in Minerals ? Annual world summary of mineral discoveries covering april 1992 trough april 1993. Mineralogical Record 24: 393
    • Seti Zone
      • Bajhang District
        • Chainpur
    		Korbel & Novak, 1999. Min.Encylopaedia, p.134
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Langangen
          • Kokkersvold
    		Raade, G., Åmli, R., Mladeck, H., Din. V. K., Larsen, A.O. & Åsheim, A. (1983): Chiavennite from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. American Mineralogist. 68: 628-633
          • Rønningen (Skredderrønningen)
    		Burvald, Ingulv (1993): To forekomster av nefelin-syenitt-pegmatitt i Telemark. STEIN 20 (3), 176-179
          • Slevolden
    		Burvald, Ingulv (1993): To forekomster av nefelin-syenitt-pegmatitt i Telemark. STEIN 20 (3), 176-179
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Siktesøya
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Mørje
    		Knut Edvard Larsen collection.
          • Sagåsen
    		Åsheim, A. (1994): Hamberg(itt). STEIN 21 (2), 117-119
    Larsen, A.O., Åsheim, A. and Gault, R. A. (2005): Minerals of the eudialyte group from the Sagåsen larvikite quarry, Porsgrunn, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30: 58-62
    Åsheim, A. (1994): Hamberg(itt). STEIN 21 (2), 117-119
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Langesundsfjorden
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p.
          • Helgeroa
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. p. 67; Bäckström (1890) Bihang KVAH Bd. 15:2, pp.23-24; Neumann (1985) p. 104.
    Uwe Kolitsch (single-crystal XRD)
        • Malerød
    		Andresen, P. : Mineralene fra Midtfjellet larvikittbrudd, Malerød, Larvik. 41-47
        • Stavern (Fredriksvärn)
    		A. O. Larsen (1989).; Åsheim, A. (1994): Hamberg(itt). STEIN 21 (2), 117-119
        • Tjølling
          • Klåstad
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 104)./ Åsheim, A. (1994): Hamberg(itt). STEIN 21 (2), 117-119
          • Stålaker
    		Åsheim, A. (1994): Hamberg(itt). STEIN 21 (2), 117-119
        • Tvedalen
    		Åsheim, A. (1994): Hamberg(itt). STEIN 21 (2), 117-119
    Frode Andersen, find 1990
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Åsheim, A. (1994): Hamberg(itt). STEIN 21 (2), 117-119
    Åmli, R. and Griffin, W.L. (1972): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway, No 47. Three minerals new to Norway: Wickmannite, Leadhillite and Hydrocerussite. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 52: 192-196; Åsheim, A. (1994): Hamberg(itt). STEIN 21 (2), 117-119
    Collection of Peter Andresen.
    Nordrum, F.S. (2001): Noen funn av mineraler i Norge 2000-2001. STEIN 28 (2): 13- 19
    Collection of Knut Edvard Larsen / Nordrum, F. S. (2007): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2006-2007. STEIN 34 (2), 14-26.
    Larsen, A.O. & Erambert, M. (2005): Neotocite and hisingerite from nepheline syenite pegmatites in the Larvik plutonic complex, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30:68-71
    Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 104.
    Åsheim, A. (1994): Hamberg(itt). STEIN 21 (2), 117-119; Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Collection of Peter Andresen /Nordrum, F. S. (2007): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2006-2007. STEIN 34 (2), 14-26; Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Collection of OT Ljøstad.
    K. Eldjarn, 1983. + Åsheim, A. (1994): Hamberg(itt). STEIN 21 (2), 117-119
    Pakistan
     
    • Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas)
      • Astor District (Astore District)
        • Astor valley (Astore valley)
    		Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut); Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
      • Baltistan
        • Skardu District
          • Haramosh Mts.
    		Collection of NHM, Vienna
    Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
    Portugal
     
    • Viseu District
      • Sátão
        • Ferreira de Aves
          • Aldeia Nova
    		Pedro Alves collection
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia)
          • Mama River Basin
            • Maigunda River
    		A.M. Portnov data
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
          • Krasnyi Chikoy
            • Malkhan pegmatite field (Malchan; "Malechansk")
    		[MinRec 32:44]
    International Geological Congress (2008) MRD-06 The Sosedka gem tourmaline-rich mine: Emplacement of extremely chemically heterogeneous pegmatite-forming medium
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Ladoga Region
          • Pitkyaranta (Pitkäranta) District
    		P.Kartashov data; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Tajikistan
     
    • Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan (Viloyati Badakhshoni Kuni)
      • Pamir Mts
        • Khorog Region
          • Shakhdara Range
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
        • Rangkul' Highlands
    		[AmMin 85:1561]; Niedermayr, G. Lyckberg, P. & Jahn, S. (2011): Mineralientage Munchen 2010. Mineralien Welt. 22 (1): 10-31 (p. 14)
          • Rangkul' pegmatite field
    		Niedermayr, G. Lyckberg, P. & Jahn, S. (2011): Mineralientage Munchen 2010. Mineralien Welt. 22 (1): 10-31 (p. 14)
    P,M. Kartashov data; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    USA
     
    • California
      • Riverside Co.
        • Jurupa Mts
          • Jurupa
    		Mineralogical Record: 15: 273-290.
      • San Diego Co.
        • Mesa Grande District
          • Gem Hill
    		Fisher, J., E. E. Foord, and G. A. Bricker, 1999. The geology, mineralogy, and history of the Himalaya mine, Mesa Grande, San Diego County, California. California Geology 52(1):3-18.; Jesse Fisher (2011) Mines and Minerals of the Southern California Pegmatite Province. Rocks & Minerals 86:14-34.
        • Ramona District
          • Ramona
    		Foord, Eugene E. et al (1989), Mineralogy and Paragenesis of the Little Three Mine Pegmatites, Ramona District, San Diego County, California. Mineralogical Record, 20(2): p. 123.
    • Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Fitting District
          • Gillis Range
    		Mineralogical Record: 30: 277-292.
    • Wisconsin
      • Florence Co.
        • Fern
    		The Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Animikie Red Ace Pegmatite, Florence County, Wisconsin. Alexander U. Falster, Wm. B. Simmons, and Karen L. Webber, Recent Research Developments in Mineralogy, 1(1996)
    Mineral and/or Locality
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