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Harmotome

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Bellsgrove Quarry (Strontian Barytes Mine; Middleshop mine), Strontian, North West Highlands (Argyllshire), Scotland, UK
© Steve Rust

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Formula:
(Ba
 
0.5
,Ca
 
0.5
,K,Na)
 
5
[Al
 
5
Si
 
11
O
 
32
] ·12H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Colorless, white, grey, ...
Hardness:4 - 5
Name:From the Greek for "joint" and "cutting," as the twin crystals


Zeolite Group. Harmotome-Phillipsite-Ca Series.

Classification of Harmotome

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/J.25-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.GC.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
C : Chains of doubly-connected 4-membered rings
Dana 8th edition ID:77.1.3.5

77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.12.9

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
12 : Aluminosilicates of Sr, Ba and Zn
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Type Occurrence of Harmotome

Type Locality:St Andreasberg, St Andreasberg District, Harz Mts, Lower Saxony, Germany
Year of Discovery:1801

Occurrences of Harmotome

Geological Setting:Cavities in basalts, phonolites, trachyites, gneisses and some hydrothermal veins.

Physical Properties of Harmotome

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Colorless, white, grey, pink, yellow, brown
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 5
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Distinct on {010}, poor on {001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):2.41 - 2.47 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.448 g/cm3

Crystallography of Harmotome

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/m {P1 1 21/m} {P21/m} {P1 21/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 9.8688(21) Å, b = 14.1295(7) Å, c = 8.7092(9) Å
β = 124.74°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.698 : 1 : 0.616
Unit Cell Volume:V 997.95 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Crystals elongate or tabular, frequently twinned.
Twinning:Repeated on {001} {021} {110}
Structure
  Reference
Stuckenschmidt E Fuess H Kvick A (1990) Investigation of the structure of harmotome by X-ray (293 K, 100 K) and neutron diffraction (15 K) Sample: 293 K. European Journal of Mineralogy 2:861-874.

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More Crystal Structures
Click here to view more crystal structures at the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Optical Data of Harmotome

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.503 - 1.508 nβ = 1.505 - 1.509 nγ = 1.508 - 1.514
2V:Measured: 43° , Calculated: 80°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.005 - 0.006

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low
Dispersion:weak

Chemical Properties of Harmotome

Formula:
(Ba
 
0.5
,Ca
 
0.5
,K,Na)
 
5
[Al
 
5
Si
 
11
O
 
32
] ·12H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, Ba
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ba, Ca, H, K, Na, O, Si
Common Impurities:Na,Ca

Relationship of Harmotome to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Phillipsite-Ca (see here)
Member of Group:
Zeolite Group:
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.GC.05Amicite
K
 
2
Na
 
2
Al
 
4
Si
 
4
O
 
16
·5H
 
2
O
9.GC.05Garronite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
5
Al
 
12
Si
 
20
O
 
64
·27H
 
2
O
9.GC.05Gismondine-Ca
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
·4H
 
2
O
9.GC.05Gobbinsite
Na
 
4
(Ca,Mg,K
 
2
)Al
 
6
Si
 
10
O
 
32
·12H
 
2
O
9.GC.05Gismondine
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]·4.5H
 
2
O
9.GC.10Phillipsite-Ca
(Ca
 
0.5
,K,Na,Ba
 
0.5
)
 
4-7
[Al
 
4-7
Si
 
12-9
O
 
32
.
 
 12H2O
9.GC.10Phillipsite-K
(K,Na,Ca
 
0.5
,Ba
 
0.5
)
 
4-7
[Al
 
4-7
Si
 
12-9
O
 
32
]
.
 
 12H
 
2
O
9.GC.10Phillipsite-Na
(Na,K,Ca
 
0.5
,Ba
 
0.5
)
 
4-7
[Al
 
4-7
Si
 
12-9
O
 
32
] · 12H
 
2
O
9.GC.10Flörkeite
(K
 
3
Ca
 
2
Na)[Al
 
8
Si
 
8
O
 
32
]·12H
 
2
O
9.GC.15Merlinoite
(K,Na)
 
5
(Ca,Ba)
 
2
Al
 
9
Si
 
23
O
 
64
·23H
 
2
O
9.GC.20Mazzite-Mg
K
 
2
Mg
 
2
Ca
 
1.5
Al
 
9.5
Si
 
26.5
O
 
72
·28H
 
2
O or near
9.GC.20Mazzite-Na
Na
 
4
[Al
 
4
Si
 
14
O
 
36
]
 
2
 · 30H
 
2
O
9.GC.25Perlialite
K
 
9
Na(Ca,Sr)[Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
6
 · 15H
 
2
O
9.GC.30Boggsite
Ca
 
8
Na
 
3
(Si,Al)
 
96
O
 
192
·70H
 
2
O
9.GC.35Paulingite-Ca
(Ca,K
 
2
,Na
 
2
,Ba)
 
5
[Al
 
10
Si
 
35
O
 
90
] · 45H
 
2
O
9.GC.35Paulingite-K
(K
 
2
,Ca,Na
 
2
,Ba)
 
5
[Al
 
10
Si
 
35
O
 
90
] · 45H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
16.12.1Stronalsite
SrNa
 
2
[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
 
2
16.12.2Slawsonite
(Sr,Ca)[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
16.12.3Brewsterite
16.12.4Celsian
Ba[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
16.12.5Paracelsian
Ba[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
16.12.6Cymrite
BaAl
 
2
Si
 
2
(O,OH)
 
8
·H
 
2
O
16.12.7Edingtonite
Ba[Al
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
10
] · 4H
 
2
O
16.12.8Banalsite
BaNa
 
2
[Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
 
2
16.12.10Hyalophane
(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
8
]
16.12.11Balipholite
BaLiMg
 
2
Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
 
2
16.12.12Armenite
BaCa
 
2
Al
 
6
Si
 
9
O
 
30
·2H
 
2
O
16.12.13Wellsite
(Ba,Ca,K
 
2
)Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
·6H
 
2
O
16.12.14Merlinoite
(K,Na)
 
5
(Ca,Ba)
 
2
Al
 
9
Si
 
23
O
 
64
·23H
 
2
O
16.12.15Anandite
(Ba,K)(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
[(O,OH)
 
2
|(Si,Al,Fe)
 
4
O
 
10
]
16.12.16Fraipontite
(Zn,Al)
 
3
[(OH)
 
4
|(Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
]
16.12.17Sauconite
Na
 
0.3
Zn
 
3
(Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
(OH)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
16.12.18Minehillite
(K,Na)
 
2-3
Ca
 
28
Zn
 
4
Al
 
4
Si
 
40
O
 
112
(OH)
 
16
16.12.19Hendricksite
K(Zn,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
3
[(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
]
16.12.20Baileychlore
(Zn,Fe,Al,Mg)
 
6
(Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
(OH)
 
8

Other Names for Harmotome

Synonyms:
AndreoliteAndréolitheBarytes HarmotomeErcinite
Other Languages:
Dutch:Harmotoom
French:Andréasbergolite
German:Harmotom
Andreolit
Ercinit
Italian:Armotomo
Polish:Harmotom
Russian:Гармотом
Spanish:Andréasbergolita
Andreolita
Ercinita
Ukrainian:Гармотом
Varieties:
Morvenite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Harmotome

Reference List:Klaproth, M.H. (1797): Untersuchung des Kreuzsteins vom Harz, Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, Zweiter Band, Rottmann Berlin, 80-83

Acta Crystallographica: B30: 2426-2433.

Internet Links for Harmotome

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Harmotome in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Harmotome details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Harmotome

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