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Hausmannite

Big Photo

N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kalahari manganese fields, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
© 2001 John H. Betts

Show Hausmannite Photos (39)
Formula:
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
System:TetragonalColour:Brown-black
Hardness:5½
Name:After J.F.L. Hausmann (1782-1859), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Göttingen, Germany.
This page provides mineralogical data about Hausmannite.

Classification of Hausmannite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/B.05-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.BB.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:7.2.7.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.18.2

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-1832.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Hausmannite

Type Locality:Oehrenstock (Öhrenstock), Ilmenau, Thuringian Forest, Thuringia, Germany
Year of Discovery:1813

Physical Properties of Hausmannite

Lustre:Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent on thin edges
Colour:Brown-black
Streak:Dark brown
Hardness (Mohs):5½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Very Good
{001} nearly perfect; {112} and {011} indistinct.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):4.83 - 4.85 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.84 g/cm3

Crystallography of Hausmannite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Class (H-M):4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:I41/amd (I41/a 2/m 2/d)
Cell Parameters:a = 5.76Å, c = 9.46Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.642
Unit Cell Volume:V 313.86 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Pseudo-octahedral {001}; {013} usually smooth and bright, {011} often dull and striated parallel to [100]. Massive, granular.
Twinning:Twin plane {112}, often repeated as fivelings; also lamellar.
Crystal Atlas:
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Hausmannite no.3 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Hausmannite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Hausmannite no.13 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

About Crystal Atlas

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Epitaxial Relationships of Hausmannite

Epitaxial Minerals:
Jacobsite
Epitaxi Comments:Oriented intergrowths.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Hausmannite

Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Distinct
Colour in reflected light:Grey-white
Internal Reflections:Deep blood-red to red-brown
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:O = light grey=white; E = dark grey-white
Comments:Lamellar twinning in polished sections often visible.

Chemical Properties of Hausmannite

Formula:
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
Essential elements:Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:Mn, O
Common Impurities:Zn,Fe,Ca,Ba,Mg

Relationship of Hausmannite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.BB.05Brunogeierite
(Ge,Fe)Fe
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Chromite
FeCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cochromite
(Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Coulsonite
FeV
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cuprospinel
Cu
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Filipstadite
(Mn,Mg)
 
2
(Sb
 
.5
Fe
 
.5
)O
 
4
4.BB.05Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Galaxite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Hercynite
FeAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Jacobsite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Manganochromite
(Mn,Fe)(Cr,V)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiocoulsonite
MgV
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiochromite
MgCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesioferrite
MgFe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnetite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Nichromite
(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
4.BB.05Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Trevorite
Ni
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Ulvöspinel
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
4
4.BB.05Vuorelainenite
(Mn,Fe)(V,Cr)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Zincochromite
ZnCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Tegengrenite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Sb
5+
0.5
(Mn
3+
 
,Si,Ti)
 
0.5
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hydrohetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
·H
 
2
O
4.BB.10Iwakiite
Mn(Fe,Mn)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.15Maghemite
Fe
 
2
O
 
3
4.BB.15Titanomaghemite
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,[])
 
2
O
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.18.1Manganosite
MnO
7.18.3Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
7.18.4Ramsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
7.18.5Akhtenskite
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
7.18.6Feitknechtite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.7Manganite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.8Groutite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.9Nsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
7.18.10Pyrochroite
Mn(OH)
 
2
7.18.11Birnessite
(Na,Ca)
 
0.5
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
4
 · 1.5H
 
2
O
7.18.12Aurorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ag,Ca)Mn
4+
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.18.13Cianciulliite
Mn(Mg,Mn)
 
2
Zn
 
2
(OH)
 
10
·2-4H
 
2
O

Other Names for Hausmannite

Synonyms:
ArseniodialytiteBlack ManganeseManganèse oxydé hydratéManganèse oxydé noir brunâtrePyramidales Mangan-Erz
Pyramidal Manganese OreSchwarzer BraunsteinSchwarz-Manganerz
French names:
L'oxyde rouge de manganèse
German names:
ArseniodialytitBlättricher Schwarz-BraunsteinGewässertes ManganperoxydulGlanzbraunsteinHausmannit
Scharfmanganerz
Russian names:
Гаусманнит
Spanish names:
ArseniodialytitaHausmannita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:None
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Hausmannite

Reference List:Hausmann, J.F.L. (1813): Blättricher Schwarz-Braunstein.- Handbuch der Mineralogie, Vol. 1, p. 293. Göttingen.

Haidnger, W. (1827), Royal Society of Edinburgh, Transactions: 11: 127.

Haidinger, W. (1828), Mineralogische Beschreibung der Manganerze. I. Prismatoïdisches Manganerz, Manganit. II. Pyramidales Manganerz, Hausmannit. III. Untheilbares Manganerz, Psilomelan. IV. Brachytypes Manganerz, Braunit. V. Prismatisches Manganerz, Pyrolusit: Poggendorffs Annalen der Physik und Chemie: 14: 197-211.

Rammelsberg (1865), Ann. Phys.: 124: 521.

Flink (1888), Ak Stockholm, Bh.: 12(7): 40.

Koechlin (1908), Min. Mitt.: 27: 262.

Miser and Fairchild (1920), Washington Academy of Science Journal: 10: 1.

Krüll (1932), Chem. Erde: 7: 473.

Aminoff (1936), Zs. Kr.: 64: 475.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume I: 707, 712-715.

Mineralogy and Petrology: 37: 15-23.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1974): 375.

Internet Links for Hausmannite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Hausmannite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Hausmannite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Hausmannite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    • Queensland
      • Mt Isa - Cloncurry area
        • Cloncurry District
          • Cloncurry
    		http://www.crocoite.com/census/minerals/hausmannite.xml
    • South Australia
      • Eyre peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		No reference listed
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Barossa Valley
            • Angaston
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen Mts
        • Lesach valley
          • Podlanig
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Kaprun valley
          • Mooserboden reservoir
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
        • Stubach valley
          • Fellern
            • Ferschbach valley
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
      • Lungau
        • Taurach valley
          • Fuchs Alp - Fuchs lake area (incl. Schwarz Alp; Schwarz lake; Kohlsberg Alp)
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Bolivia
     
    • El Beni Department
      • Itenez Province
    		Salomon Rivas & Federico Ahlfeld: Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 1998)
    • Santa Cruz Department
      • Chiquitos Province
    		Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa (2007) Guia a los Yacimientos Metaliferos de Bolivia. (Minera San Cristobal S.A. & Empresa Minera Unificada S.A., La Paz)
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
    		No reference listed
    China
     
    • Fujian Province
      • Longyan Prefecture
        • Liancheng Co.
          • Liancheng Mn deposit
    		http://www.mineralmundi.com/miaoqian-10106589.htm
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Chongzuo Prefecture
        • Daxin Co.
    		Zeng, Y., and Liu, T. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 153-163.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Ya'an Prefecture
        • Hanyuan Co.
    		Fan, D., Hein, J.R., and Ye, J. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 135-151.
    Fan, D., Hein, J.R., and Ye, J. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 135-151.
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Bayin'gholin (Bayingolin; Bayinguoleng) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Luntai (Bügür) Co.
    		http://www.mineralmundi.com/motuosala-10003742.htm
    • Yunnan Province
      • Honghe Autonomous Prefecture
        • Jianshui Co.
          • Lu village
    		http://www.mineralmundi.com/baixian-10106586.htm
      • Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Yanshan Co.
    		http://www.mineralmundi.com/dounan-10003711.htm
    France
     
    • Franche-Comté
      • Haute-Saône
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
    		Perseil, E. A. (1967): Manganese mineralization of the Upper Devonian in Las Cabesses (Ariege). Comptes Rendus du Congres National des Societes Savantes, Section des Sciences 91 (Part 2), 313-321.
      • Haute-Garonne
        • Argut-Dessus
    		 Inventaire minéralogique de la France numero 8 Haute Garonne pages 20 et 21
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
        • Aure Valley
          • Nabias
    		European J. Mineralogy, 11/5, 879-890
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Gengenbach
          • Haigerach valley
    		Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald
        • Oberkirch
          • Ödsbach
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Titisee-Neustadt
          • Eisenbach
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Triberg
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Villingen
          • Unterkirnach
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • St Roman
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Zell am Harmersbach
          • Harmersbach valley
            • Schottenhöfe
    		No reference listed
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Spessart Mts
          • Hösbach
            • Sailauf
              • Hartkoppe Mt.
    		Lorenz, J. (1991): Die Mineralien im Rhyolithsteinbruch von Sailauf, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 42, 1-38
    • Hesse
      • Limburg
        • Steeden
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Wetzlar
        • Rodheim-Bieber
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Peine
        • Bülten-Adenstedt
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Hunsrück Mts
        • Saarburg
          • Greimerath
    		Aufschluß 76/2 & 88/5
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz Mts
        • Wernigerode
          • Elbingerode
    		Lapis 2003(2), 13-20
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
    		No reference listed
    • Thuringia
      • Harz Mts
        • Nordhausen
          • Ilfeld
    		MOHS, F. (1824): Pyramidales Mangan-Erz.- Grundriss der Mineralogie, vol. II, p. 484-486
      • Thuringian Forest
        • Friedrichroda
          • Gottlob Hill
    		[MinRec 32:417]
        • Ilmenau
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    HAUSMANN, J.F.L. (1813): Blättricher Schwarz-Braunstein.- Handbuch der Mineralogie, Vol. 1, p. 293. Göttingen
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
    		No reference listed
    India
     
    • Orissa
      • Koraput District
    		Mineralium Deposita (1997) 32 (1), 79-93
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
            • Torre del Greco
    		- Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
    Mariano Carati - Guida alla mineralogia vesuviana - Calderini, Bologna, 1982
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
    		Redazionale (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia del Ferrania Club, 19 , 3-5.
    Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia.
            • Reppia
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (4), 131
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    • Tuscany
      • Siena Province
        • Murlo
          • Pompana
    		R. Meli (1999): I minerali del Fosso della Chiesa, Murlo (Siena) - Riv. Mineral. Ital., 23, 2: 103-105
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Aichi Prefecture
          • Kita-Shidara-gun
            • Shidara
    		Am. Min. 89, 232-238
        • Gifu Prefecture
    		Lee, D. E. (1955)
    Donald E. Lee (1955)
        • Nagano Prefecture
          • Kami-Ina-gun
    		Lee, D. E. (1955); Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Yamanashi Prefecture
          • Shimobe
    		mineralhunters.hp.infoseek.co.jp/kusama.html
      • Chugoku Region
        • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    		Lee, D. E. (1955)
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Kiryuu City
    		Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia V. 15, 2003)
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Takanomine mine
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu City
            • Urayama
    		K. Nishikubo, T. Yamada, A. Harada, M. Takizawa, K. Tange, Y. Kosuge, R. Miyawaki, and S. Matsubara (2005) "Rambergite from the Hirogawara mine, Urayama, Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan"
        • Tochigi Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Tanuma
    		Collection of NHM, Vienna
        • Tokyo Prefecture
          • Nishi-Tama-gun
            • Okutama
    		N. Aikawa (1987) Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University, 30, 1-13.
    Bull. Kanagawa pref. Mus. (Nat. Sci.), 22, 25-32 (1993)
      • Kinki Region
        • Kyoto Prefecture
          • Kita-Kuwata-gun
    		Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto)
        • Shiga Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
          • Iwaki
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Iwate Prefecture
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Shimohei-gun
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated by the Geological Survey of Japan)
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Nambu, M. & Tanida, K. (1961): On the progressive alteration of manganese dioxide minerals in the Toyoguchi Mine, Iwate Prefecture. Ganseki Kobutsu Kosho Gakkaishi 45, 39-48. (in Japanese)
    • Kyushu Island
      • Kagoshima Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Miyazaki Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    • Shikoku Island
      • Ehime Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.; Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Mexico
     
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Mapimí
        • Mapimí
    		Mineralogical Record (2003) 34:5 The Ojuela Mine
    Panczner (1987): 226.
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
    		No reference listed
        • Tachgagalt (Tachguagalt)
    		FAVREAU G. & DIETRICH J.E. (2006) Tachgagalt (Maroc), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 93, 37-71. (in French)
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Mineralogical Record: 22: 421.
    Norway
     
    • Nord-Trøndelag
    		No reference listed
    • Telemark
      • Tokke
        • Botnedal
    		Westerveld (1961, p. 215); Van der Wel (1974, p. 84); Neumann (1985, p. 59).
    Oman
     
    • Al Batinah (Ad Batinah) Region
    		AmMin 85:242-250
    • Semail Ophiolite
      • Khawr Fakkan Massif
        • Bani Hamid area
    		Am. Min., Volume 85, 242–250, 2000
    Republic of Macedonia
     
    • Kratovo-Zletovo ore District
    		Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 171–184 (2004)
    Russia
     
    No reference listed
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Štiavnica Mts
    		Ďuďa R.,Kotuľak P., Káňa R., 1993: Bergbau und Mineralien von Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz), Slowakei. Emser Hefte, 14, 3, 1-70, Haltern
    • Nitra Region
      • Štiavnické Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		MinRecord 9:137-153
    [Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302]
        • N'Chwaning Mines
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302.]
    Minerals of South Africa
    • Northwest Province
      • Marico District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Hedemora
        • Garpenberg
    		Kjell Gatedal
    • Dalsland
      • Åmål
        • Strandhem ore field
    		No reference listed
    • Lappland
      • Gällivare
    		No reference listed
    • Småland
      • Jönköping
        • Ödestugu
    		No reference listed
    • Värmland
      • Arvika
    		No reference listed
      • Filipstad
    Rocks & Minerals (1987): 62: 166; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 782, 857, 927; Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
    Kjell Gatedal
        • Nordmark
    		Min.Mag.(1978) 42, 133-136
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 900, 1021; Mineralogical Record: 32: 311.
    Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 207; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 806.; Mineralogical Magazine (1998) 62 (3), 395-407
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1027; Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 4, 2000
        • Pajsberg
    		K.Gatedal
    No reference listed
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		No reference listed
      • Lindesberg
    Kjell Gatedal
    Switzerland
     
    No reference listed
    • St Gallen
      • Alvier Group
        • Sargans
    		Die Mineralien der Schweiz, M. Weibel et al. 1990
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Turtmann Valley
    		The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 44, pp. 000 (2006) page 205
      • Zermatt - Saas Fee area
        • Matter Valley
          • Täsch Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 30-31
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Lezant
    		Famous British Mineral Localities: Greystone Quarry, Lezant, Cornwall. N Elton, D Green, J Hooper & S Weiss. UK Journal of Mines & Minerals No 24, 2004, pp 9-28
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • West Cumberland Iron Field
            • Bigrigg
    		[Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London]
    BMS Database
      • Devon
        • Dartmoor & Teign Valley District
          • Teign Valley
            • Doddiscombsleigh
    		Bernie Millington Collection
      • Somerset
        • Holwell
    		BMS Database
    • Wales
      • Bridgend (Mid Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Porthcawl
    		Criddle & Symes, 1977
      • Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire)
        • Lleyn Peninsula
          • Llanfaelrhys
            • Rhiw
    		No reference listed
    United Arab Emirates
     
    • Fujayrah (Fujairah) Emirate
      • Semail Ophiolite
    		Gnos, E. and Peters, T. (1995) Tephroite-hausmannite-galaxite from a granulite-facies manganese rock of the United Arab Emirates. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 120: 372-377.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		No reference listed
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 244.
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Pikes Peak District
    		MRDS file #10027526.
        • Tip Top District
    		Harrer, C.M (1964), US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8236: 64; MRDS file #10048190.
      • Pima Co.
        • Las Guijas & San Luis Mts
          • Arivaca District (Las Guijas District)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 145, 244; Hewett, D.F. (1972), Manganite, hausmannite, braunite: Features, modes of origin, Econ. Geol.: 67: 83-102.
      • Santa Cruz Co.
        • Patagonia Mts
          • Harshaw District
            • Harshaw
              • Hardshell Gulch
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 244.
        • Santa Rita Mts
          • Tyndall District
            • Cottonwood Canyon
              • Amado
                • Devil's Cash Box
                  • Glove Mine group (Zombie & Zeco claims; Festiago-Franklin; Blacksmith adit)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 244; Olson, H.J. (1966), Oxidation of a sulfide body, Glove mine, Santa Cruz Co., AZ, Econ.Geol.: 61: 731-743; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
    • Arkansas
      • Independence Co.
    		Howard, 1987. Mineral Species of Arkansas
    Jay Ellis Ransom, 1974, Gems and Minerals of America
    • California
      • Humboldt Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • San Luis Obispo Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Santa Clara Co.
        • San Antonio Valley
        • San Jose
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Trinity Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Mad River Ridge
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Colorado
      • Park Co.
        • South Park
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Saguache Co.
        • Alder Limonite Deposit (Round Hill Deposit; Miller Vein Deposit; Decker Creek Deposit)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
        • Blake District (Mirage District; Cotton Creek District)
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Bonanza District (Kerber Creek District)
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Crestone District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Michigan
    		www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
      • Iron Co.
        • Menominee iron range
          • Caspian
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
          • Stambaugh
    		Rocks & Min.:58:109.
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
        • Marquette iron range
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Missouri
      • Madison Co.
        • Fredericktown District
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Dunn, P.J.: The Picking Table:28(2):4-6 (1987); Dunn(1995):Pt4:594-595.
    Dunn(1995):Pt4:595.
    • New Mexico
      • Socorro Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed., 1996
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
    Genth,F.A and Kerr,W.C,1881,Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina,Geologic Survey
    • Oklahoma
      • Coal Co.
        • Bromide
    		Rocks & Min. vol. 72 (1997)
      • Johnston Co.
        • Bromide
    		R&M 72:4 pp 252-264
    • Oregon
      • Polk Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Texas
      • Llano Co.
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
      • Mason Co.
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
        • Fly Gap
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    • Virginia
      • Pittsylvania Co.
        • James River-Roanoke River Mn-Fe-Ba District
    		AmMin 87:690-698 (2002)
    • Washington
      • Clallam Co.
    		Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
    Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
        • Elwah Ranger Station
    		Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
        • Heckles
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.56
        • Lake Crescent
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.38,56,62,79; Rocks & Min.: 17:20.
        • Mount Muller
    		Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
        • Sappho
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
        • Snyder Ranger Station
    		Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
          • Littleton Creek
    		Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
      • Grays Harbor Co.
        • Quinault Lake
    		Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
    Mineral and/or Locality
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