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Hausmannite

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N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese fields, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
© 2001 John H. Betts

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Formula:
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
System:TetragonalColour:Brown-black
Hardness:5½
Name:After J.F.L. Hausmann (1782-1859), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Göttingen, Germany.
This page provides mineralogical data about Hausmannite.

Classification of Hausmannite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/B.05-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.BB.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:7.2.7.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.18.2

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Hausmannite

Type Locality:Oehrenstock (Öhrenstock), Schorte valley (Schurde), Ilmenau, Thuringian Forest, Thuringia, Germany
Year of Discovery:1813

Physical Properties of Hausmannite

Lustre:Sub-Metallic
Colour:Brown-black
Streak:Dark brown
Hardness (Mohs):5½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Very Good
{001} nearly perfect; {112} and {011} indistinct.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):4.83 - 4.85 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.84 g/cm3

Crystallography of Hausmannite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Class (H-M):4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:I41/amd {I41/a 2/m 2/d}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.76Å, c = 9.46Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.642
Unit Cell Volume:V 313.86 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Pseudo-octahedral {001}; {013} usually smooth and bright, {011} often dull and striated parallel to [100]. Massive, granular.
Twinning:Twin plane {112}, often repeated as fivelings; also lamellar.
Crystal Atlas:
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Hausmannite no.3 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Hausmannite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Hausmannite no.13 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

About Crystal Atlas

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Epitaxial Relationships of Hausmannite

Epitaxial Minerals:
Jacobsite
Epitaxi Comments:Oriented intergrowths.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Hausmannite

Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Distinct
Colour in reflected light:Grey-white
Internal Reflections:Deep blood-red to red-brown
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:O = light grey=white; E = dark grey-white
Comments:Lamellar twinning in polished sections often visible.

Chemical Properties of Hausmannite

Formula:
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
Essential elements:Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:Mn, O
Common Impurities:Zn,Fe,Ca,Ba,Mg

Relationship of Hausmannite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.BB.05Brunogeierite
(Ge,Fe)Fe
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Chromite
FeCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cochromite
(Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Coulsonite
FeV
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cuprospinel
Cu
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Filipstadite
(Mn,Mg)
 
2
(Sb
 
.5
Fe
 
.5
)O
 
4
4.BB.05Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Galaxite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Hercynite
FeAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Jacobsite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Manganochromite
(Mn,Fe)(Cr,V)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiocoulsonite
MgV
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiochromite
MgCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesioferrite
MgFe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnetite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Nichromite
(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
4.BB.05Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Trevorite
Ni
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Ulvöspinel
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
4
4.BB.05Vuorelainenite
(Mn,Fe)(V,Cr)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Zincochromite
ZnCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hydrohetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
·H
 
2
O
4.BB.10Iwakiite
Mn(Fe,Mn)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.15Maghemite
Fe
 
2
O
 
3
4.BB.15Titanomaghemite
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,[])
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.20Tegengrenite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Sb
5+
0.5
(Mn
3+
 
,Si,Ti)
 
0.5
O
 
4
4.BB.25Xieite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
 
2
O
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.18.1Manganosite
MnO
7.18.3Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
7.18.4Ramsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
7.18.5Akhtenskite
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
7.18.6Feitknechtite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.7Manganite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.8Groutite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
7.18.9Nsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
7.18.10Pyrochroite
Mn(OH)
 
2
7.18.11Birnessite
(Na,Ca)
 
0.5
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
4
 · 1.5H
 
2
O
7.18.12Aurorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ag,Ca)Mn
4+
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.18.13Cianciulliite
Mn(Mg,Mn)
 
2
Zn
 
2
(OH)
 
10
·2-4H
 
2
O

Other Names for Hausmannite

Synonyms:
ArseniodialytiteBlack ManganeseManganèse oxydé hydratéManganèse oxydé noir brunâtrePyramidales Mangan-Erz
Pyramidal Manganese OreSchwarzer BraunsteinSchwarz-Manganerz
Other Languages:
French:L'oxyde rouge de manganèse
German:Arseniodialytit
Blättricher Schwarz-Braunstein
Gewässertes Manganperoxydul
Glanzbraunstein
Hausmannit
Scharfmanganerz
Russian:Гаусманнит
Spanish:Arseniodialytita
Hausmannita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:None
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Hausmannite

Reference List:Hausmann, J.F.L. (1813): Blättricher Schwarz-Braunstein.- Handbuch der Mineralogie, Vol. 1, p. 293. Göttingen.

Haidnger, W. (1827), Royal Society of Edinburgh, Transactions: 11: 127.

Haidinger, W. (1828), Mineralogische Beschreibung der Manganerze. I. Prismatoïdisches Manganerz, Manganit. II. Pyramidales Manganerz, Hausmannit. III. Untheilbares Manganerz, Psilomelan. IV. Brachytypes Manganerz, Braunit. V. Prismatisches Manganerz, Pyrolusit: Poggendorffs Annalen der Physik und Chemie: 14: 197-211.

Rammelsberg (1865), Ann. Phys.: 124: 521.

Flink (1888), Ak Stockholm, Bh.: 12(7): 40.

Koechlin (1908), Min. Mitt.: 27: 262.

Miser and Fairchild (1920), Washington Academy of Science Journal: 10: 1.

Krüll (1932), Chem. Erde: 7: 473.

Aminoff (1936), Zs. Kr.: 64: 475.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume I: 707, 712-715.

Mineralogy and Petrology: 37: 15-23.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1974): 375.

Internet Links for Hausmannite

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    Localities for Hausmannite

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