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Helvite

Big Photo

Navegadora Mine (Navegador Mine; Orozimbo Mine), Penha do Norte, Conselheiro Pena, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Southeast Region, Brazil
© Dick Dionne

Show Helvite Photos (113)
Formula:
Mn
2+
4
Be
 
3
[S|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
System:IsometricColour:Golden yellow, brown, ...
Hardness:6 - 6½
Name:from Latin 'helvus' = 'yellow', for the colour


Helvite Group. Danalite-Helvite Series, and the Genthelvite-Helvite Series.

Classification of Helvite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/J.12-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.FB.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
B : Tektosilicates with additional anions
Dana 7th edition ID:76.2.4.1
Dana 8th edition ID:76.2.4.1

76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
2 : Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.9.4

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
9 : Silicates with sulphide or sulphite
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Type Occurrence of Helvite

Co-type Localities:Brüder Lorenz Mine, Breitenbrunn, Breitenbrunn District, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany
Friedefürst Mine, Breitenbrunn, Breitenbrunn District, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany
Year of Discovery:1804

Occurrences of Helvite

Geological Setting:Granites, pegmatites, gneisses, contact zones, skarns.

Physical Properties of Helvite

Lustre:Vitreous, Resinous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Golden yellow, brown, red, gray-yellow, yellow-green
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 6½
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=741 - 873
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Distinct on {111} {111}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.2 - 3.44 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.23 g/cm3

Crystallography of Helvite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):4 3m - Hextetrahedral
Space Group:P4 3n
Cell Parameters:a = 8.29Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 569.72 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Tetrahedra, dodecahedra, octahedra
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Helvite

Type:Isotropic
RI values: n = 1.728 - 1.749
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000 - Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:High

Chemical Properties of Helvite

Formula:
Mn
2+
4
Be
 
3
[S|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
Essential elements:Be, Mn, O, S, Si
All elements listed in formula:Be, Mn, O, S, Si
Common Impurities:Al,Fe,Zn,Ca

Relationship of Helvite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Genthelvite (see here)
Forms a series with Danalite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.FB.05Afghanite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
8
[(Cl
 
2
,SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
] · 0.5H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Bystrite
(Na,K)
 
7
Ca[(S
 
3
)
 
1.5
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
] · H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Cancrinite
Na
 
6
Ca
 
2
[(CO
 
3
)
 
2
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
] · 2H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Cancrisilite
Na
 
7
[CO
 
3
|Al
 
5
Si
 
7
O
 
24
] · 3H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Davyne
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
[(Cl
 
2
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
]
9.FB.05Franzinite
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
[(SO
 
4
)
 
2
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
] · 0.5H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Giuseppettite
(Na,K,Ca)
 
7-8
[(SO
 
4
,Cl)
 
1-2
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
]
9.FB.05Hydroxycancrinite
Na
 
8
[(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
] · 2H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Liottite
(Na,K)
 
16
Ca
 
8
[Cl
 
4
|(SO
 
4
)
 
5
|(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
3
]
9.FB.05Microsommite
Na
 
4
K
 
2
Ca
 
2
[Cl
 
2
|SO
 
4
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
]
9.FB.05Pitiglianoite
Na
 
6
K
 
2
[SO
 
4
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
] · 2H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Quadridavyne
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
[Cl
 
4
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
]
9.FB.05Sacrofanite
(Na,K)
 
98
Ca
 
20
(Si
 
84
Al
 
84
O
 
336
)(SO
 
4
)
 
26
Cl
 
2
·8H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Tounkite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
8
[Cl|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
] · H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Vishnevite
(Na,K)
 
8
[(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
] · 2H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Marinellite
(Na,K)
 
42
Ca
 
6
[Cl
 
2
|(SO
 
4
)
 
8
|(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
6
] · 3 H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Farneseite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
56
[(SO
 
4
)
 
12
|Al
 
42
Si
 
42
O
 
168
] · 6H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Alloriite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
26
Ca
 
4
[Cl
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
6
|(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
4
]
9.FB.05Fantappièite
[Na
 
82.5
Ca
 
33
K
 
16.5
]
 
132
(Si
 
99
Al
 
99
O
 
396
)(SO
 
4
)
 
33
·4H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Balliranoite
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
(Si
 
6
Al
 
6
O
 
24
)Cl
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
9.FB.05IMA2009-028
Na
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(CO
 
3
)·3.5H
 
2
O
9.FB.10Bicchulite
Ca
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
SiO
 
6
]
9.FB.10Danalite
Fe
2+
4
Be
 
3
[S|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
9.FB.10Genthelvite
Zn
 
4
Be
 
3
[S|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
9.FB.10Haüyne
(Na,Ca)
 
4-8
[Al
 
6
Si
 
6
(O,S)
 
24
](SO
 
4
,Cl)
 
1-2
9.FB.10Kamaishilite
Ca
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
SiO
 
6
]
9.FB.10Lazurite
(Na,Ca)
 
8
[(S,SO
 
4
,Cl
 
2
)|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
]
9.FB.10Nosean
Na
 
8
[SO
 
4
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
]
9.FB.10Sodalite
Na
 
8
[Cl
 
2
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
]
9.FB.10Tsaregorodtsevite
N(CH
 
3
)
 
4
[AlSi
 
5
O
 
12
]
9.FB.10Tugtupite
Na
 
4
[Cl|BeAlSi
 
4
O
 
12
]
9.FB.10Helvine
9.FB.15Marialite
Na
 
4
[Cl|(AlSi
 
3
O
 
8
)
 
3
]
9.FB.15Meionite
Ca
 
4
[CO
 
3
|(Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
)
 
3
]
9.FB.15Silvialite
(Ca,Na)
 
4
[(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)|(Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
)
 
3
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
17.9.1Lazurite
(Na,Ca)
 
8
[(S,SO
 
4
,Cl
 
2
)|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
]
17.9.2Jasmundite
Ca
 
11
[O
 
2
|S|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]
17.9.3Genthelvite
Zn
 
4
Be
 
3
[S|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
17.9.5Danalite
Fe
2+
4
Be
 
3
[S|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
76.2.4.3Genthelvite
Zn
 
4
Be
 
3
[S|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]

Other Names for Helvite

Synonyms:
HelvineTetrahedral Garnet
Other Languages:
German:Helvin
Helvit
Russian:Гельвин
Spanish:Helvita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Helvite

Reference List:Mohs, F. (1804) Des Herrn JAC. FRIED. VON DER NULL Mineralienkabinett, nach einem, durchaus auf äussere Kennzeichen gegründeten Systeme geordnet, beschrieben, und durch Hinzuthuung vieler, dem gegenwärtigen Zustande der Mineralogie angemessener, erläuternder Anmerkungen und nöthiger Berichtigungen, als Handbuch der Oryctognosie brauchbar gemacht. Wien. Vol. 1, p. 92-93.

Freiesleben, J.C. (1817): Helvin.- Geognostische Arbeiten, Band 6.

Freyberg, Craz & Gerlach, p. 126-129.

Werner, A.G. (1817): Letztes Mineral-System.- Freyberg & Wien, p. 2 and 29.

American Mineralogist (1985): 70: 186-192.

Internet Links for Helvite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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  • Helvite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Helvite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
      • Sierra de Córdoba
    		Rimann, E. (1928) Bodenbenderite, a new mineral from Argentina. Sitzungsber. Abhandl. Naturwiss. Gesell. Isis, Dresden. Festschrift fuer Richard Baldauf, 42-51.
    • Jujuy
      • Aguilar district
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Rosebery district
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
        • Rosebery
    • Western Australia
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Coolgardie
          • Barbara-Surprise group
    		Grguric, B. A. & Downes, P. J. (2008): Pegmatite minerals from the Barabara mine, Coolgardie, Western Australia. Australian J. of Mineralogy 14, 55-60.
      • Pilbara Region
    		AmMin 13:457
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Horn
          • Gars am Kamp
            • Maiersch
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Styria
      • Mitterdorf
        • Veitsch
          • Kleinveitsch
            • Kaiblinggraben
    		Postl W. et al. (1998)
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Ziller valley
          • Zamser Grund (Zams valley)
            • Schrammacher Mt.
    		Orlandi, P., Campostrini, I. (2005): Zibaldone. Aggiornamenti di mineralogia Italiana 2004. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2005, 184-191.
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Doce valley
          • Conselheiro Pena
            • Penha do Norte
    		Rocks & Minerals (2009) 84:42-45
    Bulgaria
     
    • Smolyan Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
        • Madan ore field
          • Krushev dol mine
    		Berylium mineralisation in Pb-Zn ore deposit Krushev dol, Madan district, Bulgaria Zh. Janakieva, Ch. Nachev, Sh. Sirakov . “Geosciences 2008”, Proceedings.; Min Rec (2009) 40:66
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Horváth, L and Gault, R.A. (1990), The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire Quebec. Mineralogical Record: 21: 284-359.
    China
     
    • Fujian Province
      • Zhangzhou Prefecture
        • Yunxiao Co.
          • Tongbei
    		http://www.smartminerals.com/cina2004/art_fujian.htm and Ottens, B., 2005. Tongbei. Spessartine localities, Fujian Province, China. Mineralogical Record, 36 (1): 35-43
    • Gansu (Ganzu) Province
      • Jiuquan Prefecture
        • Subei Co.
    		Feng-Jun Nie, Si-Hong Jiang, Peng Hu, and Yi Zhang (2004): Mineral Deposits [Kuangchuang Dizhi] 23(1), 11-19.
    • Guangdong Province
      • Heyuan Prefecture
        • Lungchuan (Longchuan) Co.
    		Tron, J. (2003): "Vor Ort" in China: Roter Quartz & Hämtit aus Jinlong. Lapis 28 (6), 52-53
    • Hubei Province
      • Huangshi Prefecture
        • Daye Co.
          • Edong Mining District
    		http://www.smartminerals.com/cina2004/art_hubei.htm
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Linwu Co.
          • Xianghualing Sn-polymetallic ore field
    		Huang et al. (1988): Hsianghualing rocks, mineral deposits and minerals. Beijing Sci. Techn. Publ. Bur. (Beijing), 255 pp.
        • Yizhang Co.
    		Ottens, B., and Cook, R.B. (2005): Rocks & Minerals 80(1), 46-57.
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Dayu Co.
          • Xihuashan intrusion
    		Berthold Ottens (2009) Lapis, 34, #10, 31-41.
    Giuliani, G., Li, Y.D., and Sheng, T.F. (1988): Mineralium Deposita 23, 24-33.
        • Quannan Co.
    		Raimbault, L., and Bilal, E. (1993): Canadian Mineralogist 31, 119-127.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Pardubice Region
    		Novák, F., Jansa, J.: Parageneze nerostů s helvínem z chvaletického ložiska. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1965, roč. 10, č. 1, s. 75-79.
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    		Dubru. M, (1986) Pétrologie et géochimie du marbre à brucite et des borates associés au gisement de tungstène de Costabonne, (Pyrénées orientales, France) 930p
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
        • Aure Valley
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Tittling
            • Matzersdorf
            • Stützersdorf
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Breitenbrunn District
          • Antonsthal
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 + Tröger, S. (2006): "Unverhofft Glück": Helvin-Neufund bei Antonsthal im sächsischen Erzgebirge. LAPIS 31 (2), 38-39
          • Breitenbrunn
    		J.C. Freiesleben (1817): Helvin.- Geognostische Arbeiten, Band 6. Freyberg, Craz & Gerlach, p. 126-129
    J.C. Freiesleben (1817): Helvin.- Geognostische Arbeiten, Band 6. Freyberg, Craz & Gerlach, p. 126-129
        • Johanngeorgenstadt District
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Beierfeld
    		Lapis, 16 (6), 13-20+58.
      • Oberlausitz
        • Görlitz
    		www.minmax.net
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
        • Ilimaussaq complex
          • Kangerdluarssuq (Kangerdluarssuk; Kangerdluarsuk) Firth
            • Head of Kangerdluarssuq
    		Bohse, H., Petersen, O., Niedermayr, G. (2001): Notes on Leucophanite from the Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 119-121
          • Tasseq area
    		Bohse, H., Petersen, O., Niedermayr, G. (2001): Notes on Leucophanite from the Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 119-121
    Italy
     
    • Latium
      • Viterbo Province
        • Vico Lake
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 86, pages 1066–1075, 2001
    No reference listed
    Carlini, R., Signoretti, E., 2003. Località minori del vulcano Vicano: Villa S.Giovanni in Tuscia e Mazzocchio. Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 33-41
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
        • Novate Mezzola
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Beura-Cardezza
    		Vanini F. (2000): Beura e Villadossola: nuovi ritrovamenti. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, XXIV, 2, 123-124.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
            • San Piero in Campo
    		Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp.
    F. Pezzotta (1994) - Helvite of a M.te Capanne pluton pegmatite (Elba island, Italy): chemical, X-ray diffraction data and description of the occurrence. - Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei, Rend., 9: 355-362.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Gifu Prefecture
    		Endo, S. (2008) Chigaku Kenkyu, 57, 3-10.
        • Nagano prefecture
          • Nagawa-mura
    		Yoshinaga, M. (1959) Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu University, Ser. D, 9, 47-53.
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
          • Kiryuu City
        • Tochigi Prefecture
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Kinki region
        • Shiga prefecture
          • Hikone
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
          • Iwaki
    		Mineralogical Journal Vol. 18 (1996) , No. 4 pp 155-160
        • Iwate prefecture
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Qaraghandy Oblysy (Karaganda Oblast')
      • Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert)
    • Zhezqazghan Oblysy (Dzezkazgan Oblast'; Dzhezkazgan Oblast'; Djezkazgan Oblast'; Jezkazgan Oblast')
      • Balqash (Balkhash; Karatas; Prebalkhashie) Region
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Issyk-Kul'skaya Oblast
      • Inyl'chek Range
        • Muzeinyi Valley
    		L.A. Pautov data
    Malawi
     
    • Zomba District
    		Guastoni A., Pezzotta F., Demartin F., 2003. Le pegmatiti di Zomba-Malosa (Malawi). Riv. Mineral. Ital., 27 (2): 66-77.
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • West Camp
            • Francisco Portillo
    		Panczner (1987):94-366.
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Mineralogical Record: 22: 421.
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Drammen
    		Nordli, Ø. (1997): Ny E 134 Drammen- Nedre Eiker. Mineraler fra veiutbyggingen. STEIN 24 (3), 116-121
      • Lier
        • Lierskogen
    		Oftedal, I. & Sæbø, P.Chr. (1963): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway No.18. Classification of some Norwegian members of the Helvine group. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 43, 405-409
        • Sylling
    		V.M.Goldschmidt (1911): Die Kontaktmetamorphose im Kristianiagebiet, p 394-397
      • Modum
        • Åmot
    		Oftedal, I. & Sæbø, P.Chr. (1963): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway No.18. Classification of some Norwegian members of the Helvine group. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 43, 405-409
      • Øvre Eiker
        • Gunhildrud
    		Hurum, J. H; Jahren, J.; Berg, H.-J. & Bjerkgaard, T. (1997): En eksotisk pegmatitt i kambrosiluren ved Eikeren, Buskerud. STEIN 24 (3), 125-128
    • Nordland
      • Meløy
        • Holandsfjord
    		Oftedal,I.(1950):"En litiumførende granittpegmatitt i Nordland".Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 28,234-237. (in norwegian)
    • Oppland
      • Gran
    		Wiik, G. H.(2007): En helvin til i syenitten. STEIN 34 (4), 31
      • Lunner
        • Grua Mining District
    		Oftedal, I. & Sæbø, P.Chr. (1963): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway No.18. Classification of some Norwegian members of the Helvine group. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 43, 405-409
    • Oslo
      • Grorud
        • Bånkall
    		L. O. Kvamsdal (1998): Mineralene fra Nordmarkitt og Grefsensyenitt i Oslofeltet. AS Merkur-Trykk, Oslo.
    • Telemark
      • Drangedal
        • Tørdal
    		Raade, G. & Kristiansen, R. (2000a): Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Skrifter Norsk Bergverkmuseum 17:19-25
      • Porsgrunn
        • Bjørkedalen
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Knut Eldjarn
        • Langangen
          • Kokkersvold - Blåfjell
    		Larsen, A. O. (1988): Helvite group minerals from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 68. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68: 119-124 ; Am Min 68:5-6 pp 628-633
          • Rønningen (Skredderrønningen)
    		Burvald, Ingulv (1993): To forekomster av nefelin-syenitt-pegmatitt i Telemark. STEIN 20 (3), 176-179; Larsen, A. O. (1988): Helvite group minerals from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 68. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68: 119-124
          • Slevolden
    		T. Engvoldsen (1990).
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Siktesøya
    		Larsen, A. O. (1988): Helvite group minerals from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 68. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68: 119-124
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen (Strandåsen)
    		Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100; Larsen, A. O. (1988): Helvite group minerals from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 68. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68: 119-124
    A. O. Larsen, A. Åsheim and R. A. Gault, 2005.
      • Skien
        • Fossum Iron Mines
    		Larsen, A.O. (1993): Fossum jernverk. STEIN 20 (2), 112-116
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Hedrum
          • Lågendalen
    Andersen, F. (1993): Hedrum pukkverk i Lågendalen. STEIN 20 (4), 236-238
        • Langesundsfjorden
    Larsen, A. O. (1988): Helvite group minerals from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 68. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68: 119-124
          • Stokkøya (Stokø; Stockö; Stocköe)
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. p. 57; Larsen, A. O. (1988): Helvite group minerals form syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 68. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68: 119-124
        • Tjølling
          • Håkestad
    		Larsen, A. O. (1988): Helvite group minerals from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 68. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68: 119-124; Nordrum, F.S. (2001): Noen funn av mineraler i Norge 2000-2001. STEIN 28 (2): 13- 19
          • Klåstad
          • Stålaker
    		Hansen,R.(1981)."Mineralnotater". NAGS-nytt 8(4),18 (in norwegian)
        • Tvedalen
    		Larsen, A. O. (1988): Helvite group minerals from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 68. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68: 119-124; Nordrum, F.S. (2002): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2001-2002. STEIN 29 (2): 4-10;
    Personally collected by Peter Andresen in 2007.
    Engvoldsen, T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Collection of Alf Olav Larsen./ Nordrum, F. S. (2007): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2006-2007. STEIN 34 (2), 14-26
          • Tuften (Tuften 1 Quarry; Tuften 2 Quarry)
    		Collection of Peter Andresen.
    Kamphaug,E. (1987): Wikmanitt (sic!) fra Vevja-bruddet i Tvedalen. NAGS-nytt 14 (4),27. ; Larsen, A. O. (1988): Helvite group minerals from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Region, Norway. Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway no 68. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68: 119-124
        • Vardaasen
    		Andersen, F., Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. Mineralien-Welt 7(4), 21-100
      • Re
        • Ramnes
    		Andersen, F. & Berge, S. A. (1994): Himberg pukkverk, Ramnes, Vestfold. STEIN 21 (2), 96-102
      • Sande
        • Rien
    		Oftedal, I. & Sæbø, P.Chr. (1963): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway No.18. Classification of some Norwegian members of the Helvine group. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 43, 405-409
      • Sandefjord
        • Vesterøya
    		Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 20, 50-59
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection
    Pakistan
     
    • Northern Areas
      • Astor District (Astore District)
        • Astor valley (Astore valley)
    		Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut); Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
      • Baltistan
        • Skardu District
          • Haramosh Mts.
    		Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut); Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
    Peru
     
    • Ancash Department
      • Bolognesi Province
    		Min. Rec. 28, no. 4 (1997); Hyrsl & Rosales (2003) Mineralogical Record, 34, 241-254.; Hyrsl & Rosales (2003) Mineralogical Record, 34, 241-254.
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Strzegom-Sobótka Massif
        • Świdnica District
    		Feldspat, ExtraLapis, 30 (2006)
    Martens A. 1965: Pilinit und Helvin von Striegau. Der Aufschluss Jg 16, H. 12
    Portugal
     
    • Guarda District
      • Almeida
        • Malpartida
    		Felix Garcia Garcia Mineral Collection
    • Vila Real District
      • Ribeira de Pena
        • Cerva
    		Nuno Afonso collection (XRD-analysed)
    Romania
     
    • Maramures Co.
      • Cavnic (Kapnic; Kapnik)
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Carpathian Reg., 2004
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
    		P.M. Kartashov data
      • Tuva Republic
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Magadanskaya Oblast'
        • Kolyma River Basin
          • Ducat District
            • Omsukchan
              • Ducat ore field
    		Filimonova, L.G., and Chugaev, A.V. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(6), 489-498.
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Ladoga Region
          • Pitkyaranta (Pitkäranta) District
    		P.Kartashov data; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Ilmen Mts
            • Ilmen Natural Reserve
              • Lake Ishkul'
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Madrid
    		Garcia G., Gonzalez C., Bueno A. (2004) - Cadalso de los Vidrios (Madrid), Bocamina, n° 14, pp: 12-46.
      • La Cabrera
    Sweden
     
    • Södermanland
      • Nynäshamn
    		Gustafsson, Lars & Otter, Bertil (1991): Mineralförekomster i Stockholmstrakten.Del 2. STEIN 18(4),4-12
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
        • Gåsborn
    		MinMag 56, 391
    Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. ; K:Gatedal
        • Pajsberg
    		Kjell Gatedal; Nysten, P. (2004): Harstigen ett mineralogisk eldorado i Bergslagen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 5-13
    • Västmanland
      • Lindesberg
    No reference listed
      • Ljusnarsberg
        • Yxsjö ore field
    		No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Bregaglia Valley (Bergell)
        • Forno Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 212.
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 212.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Austell District
          • Lanivet Area
            • Lanivet
    		No reference listed
            • Tremorebridge
    		[Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London]
        • St Just District
          • Botallack - Pendeen Area
            • Botallack
              • Botallack Mine
    		Kingsbury, A.W.G. (1961) Beryllium minerals in Cornwall and Devon: helvine, genthelvite and danalite. Mineralogical Magazine, 32, 921-940.
            • Trewellard
    		No reference listed
      • Devon
        • Okehampton area (Northern Dartmoor)
    		http://www.mineralman.f9.co.uk/quarries/meldon.htm
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Nome Borough
        • Port Clarence District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Dragoon Mts
          • Middle Pass District
            • Cochise Stronghold
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 245; Warner, L.A., et al (1959), Occurrence of non-pegmatite beryllium in the US, USGS PP 318; Meeves, H.C. (1966), Nonpegmatite beryllium occurrences in AZ, CO, NM, UT and four adjacent states, US Bur. of ines Rept. Inv. 6828.
            • Gordon Camp
    		Keith, Stanton B. (1973), Arizona Bureau of Geology & Mineral Technology, Geol. Sur. Branch Bull. 187, Index of Mining Properties in Cochise Co., AZ: 69 (Table 4); Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 245; Trischka, C., et al (1929), Diatomite in Arizona, Engr. Mining Jour.: 127: 13-14; Meeves, H.C. (1966), Nonpegmatite beryllium occurrences in AZ, CO, NM, UT and four adjacent states, US Bur. Mines Rept. Inv. 6828: 56..
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 245.
    • Arkansas
    		Howard, 1987. Mineral Species of Arkansas, addenda
        • Little Rock
    • California
    		San Diego Natural History Museum
        • Jacumba District
          • Mt. Tule
    		Mineralogical Record 33(5):363-407
        • Pala District
    		Jahns, R. A., and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-Bearing Pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology Special Report 7A, p. 31.
        • Rincon District
          • Rincon Mountain (Boucher Hill)
    		Hanley, J. B. 1951. Economic Geology of the Rincon Pegmatites, San Diego County, California. Department of Natural Resources, California Division of Mines, Special Report 7B: p. 20-23, maps.
    • Colorado
      • Dolores Co.
        • Rico District (Pioneer District)
          • Silver Creek
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Quartz Creek District
          • Ohio City
    		Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 26 (Table A-1).
      • Park Co.
        • Alma District
          • Mount Bross
    		Min News 20:9 pp1,3,10,11
      • San Juan Co.
        • Silverton District
          • Howardsville
    		Rocks & Min.: 63: 366-384.
    • Idaho
      • Boise Co.
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    WC van Laer, 2009
    Wm. C. van Laer.
      • Custer Co.
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
      • Elmore Co.
        • Glens Peak Area
          • Sawtooth Primitive Area
    		WC van Laer, 2009
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    Rocks & Min. 70:246
    • Montana
      • Silver Bow Co.
        • Boulder Mountains Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Butte District
          • Walkerville
    		Rocks & Min.: 16: 244.; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Rocks & Min.: 16: 244, 247.
    Rocks & Min.: 16: 244.; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Rocks & Min.: 16: 244.
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Bartlett
    		Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp242-261
        • Jackson
    		Art Smith (2001) Mineral News, 17, #3, 1-7.
        • Madison
    		Rocks & Min 80:245
      • Grafton Co.
        • Bethlehem
    		Rocks & Minerals Vol.65 No.4
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
        • Bound Ranch District
    		NMBMMR Bull 87 Mineral and Water Resources of New Mexico
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
          • Grand View Camp
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.; Am Min (1948) 33:648-649
      • Luna Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed., 1996
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map Silver City 1x2 Quad
    Min Rec 20:1 p57
      • Sierra Co.
    		Min Rec 20:1 p60
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
    • Texas
      • Hudspeth Co.
        • Quitman Mts
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    • Utah
    		AmMin 47:395
        • Mineral Range
          • Granite and North Granite Districts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Amelia Co.
        • Amelia (Amelia Court House)
    		Rocks & Min.: 60: 165.; Am Min 53:2110
        • Winterham
    		Rocks & Min.: 8:143-144.
      • Amherst Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Hanover Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Wisconsin
      • Florence Co.
        • Fern
    		The Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Animikie Red Ace Pegmatite, Florence County, Wisconsin. Alexander U. Falster, Wm. B. Simmons, and Karen L. Webber, Recent Research Developments in Mineralogy, 1(1996)
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Harare District
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1959 32 : 87-89
    Mineral and/or Locality
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