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Heterosite

Big Photo

Rose Quartz Crystal Locality (Pegmatite 24), Newry, Oxford Co., Maine, USA
© 2002 John H. Betts

Show Heterosite Photos (31)
Formula:
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
System:OrthorhombicColour:Deep rose to reddish ...
Hardness:4 - 4½
Name:From the Greek έτερος for "another", probably in allusion to the species being the second containing manganese from the same locality.


Triphylite Group, Heterosite-Purpurite Series

The species of this series are secondary minerals formed by oxidation of iron and or manganese with the simultaneous leaching of lithium. Intermediate alteration products were once thought to be valid minerals, but they were merely part of a continuous process of alteration: Ferrisicklerite and Sicklerite. The Fe:Mn value has not been observed to vary much from the primary triphylite to the secondary heterosite. Heterosite is frequently artificially colored bright purple through acid treatment.

Classification of Heterosite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/A.02-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.AB.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:38.4.1.1

38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.12.10

19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Heterosite

Type Locality:Les Hureaux, Saint-Sylvestre, Haute-Vienne, Limousin, France
Year of Discovery:1825

Occurrences of Heterosite

Geological Setting:Secondary mineral in complex granitic pegmatites replacing triphylite.

Physical Properties of Heterosite

Lustre:Dull, Earthy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Comment:Satiny on fresh fracture surfaces; dull when altered on surface.
Colour:Deep rose to reddish purple.
Comment:Dark brown to brown-black when altered.
Streak:Pale purple
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 4½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
On {100}, good; on {010} imperfect. Cleavage surfaces curved or crinkled at times.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):3.4 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.67 g/cm3

Crystallography of Heterosite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 5.83(1) Å, b = 9.79(1) Å, c = 4.769(5) Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.596 : 1 : 0.487
Unit Cell Volume:V 272.19 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Cleavable blocky masses

Optical Data of Heterosite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.860(1) nβ = 1.890(1) nγ = 1.910(1)
2V:Measured: 37°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.050

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v very strong
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:X = Greenish gray, gray to rose-red
Y = Deep blood-red to purplish red
Z = Deep blood-red to purplish red
Comments:Optic axis sections may exhibit anomalous green interference colours.

Chemical Properties of Heterosite

Formula:
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
Essential elements:Fe, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Fe, Mn, O, P
Common Impurities:Mn

Relationship of Heterosite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Purpurite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.AB.05Farringtonite
Mg
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.10Ferrisicklerite
(Fe
3+
 
,LiMn
2+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Lithiophilite
LiMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Natrophilite
NaMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Purpurite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Sicklerite
(LiMn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Simferite
Li(Mg,Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.10Triphylite
LiFe
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.15Sarcopside
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.15Chopinite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.20Beusite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.20Graftonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.25Xanthiosite
Ni
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.30Lammerite
Cu
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.30IMA2009-002
Cu
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.35Mcbirneyite
Cu
 
3
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.35Stranskiite
(Zn,Cu)
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.40Lyonsite
Cu
 
3
Fe
 
4
(VO
 
4
)
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
19.12.1Metaswitzerite
Mn
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.2Bermanite
Mn
2+
 
(H
 
2
O)
 
4
[Mn
3+
2
(OH)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
19.12.3Natrophilite
NaMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
19.12.4Sidorenkite
Na
 
3
Mn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
|CO
 
3
]
19.12.5Niahite
(NH
 
4
)(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)[PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
19.12.6Robertsite
Ca
 
3
Mn
3+
4
[(OH)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.12.7Pararobertsite
Ca
 
2
Mn
3+
3
[O
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
19.12.8Sinkankasite
H
 
2
Mn
2+
 
Al[OH|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.9Mangangordonite
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.11Purpurite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
19.12.12Wolfeite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
19.12.13Triploidite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
19.12.14Lipscombite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.12.15Frondelite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
19.12.16Rockbridgeite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
19.12.17Kryzhanovskite
MnFe
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
·H
 
2
O
19.12.18Landesite
Mn
2+
3-x
Fe
3+
x
[(OH)
 
x
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · (3-x)H
 
2
O
19.12.19Phosphoferrite
(Fe,Mn)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
19.12.20Reddingite
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
19.12.21Earlshannonite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.22Hureaulite
(Mn,Fe)
 
5
(PO
 
3
OH)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.23Switzerite
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·7H
 
2
O
19.12.24Laueite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.25Pseudolaueite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.26Strunzite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.27Stewartite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.28Alluaudite
(Na,Ca)Mn
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.29Ferroalluaudite
(Na,Ca)Fe
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.30Fillowite
{Mn
2+
 
}{Na
 
8
}{Ca
 
4
Na
 
4
}{(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
43
}[PO
 
4
]
 
36
19.12.31Johnsomervilleite
{Ca}{Na
 
6
[ ]
 
2
}{Ca
 
6
Na
 
2
}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
43
}[PO
 
4
]
 
36
19.12.32Wicksite
NaCa
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
4
MgFe
3+
 
[PO
 
4
]
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.33Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)
{KNa}{Mn
2+
 
[ ]}{Ca}{Na
 
3
}{Mn
2+
13
}{Al}[(OH)
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
12
]
19.12.34Sarcopside
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.12.35Ludlamite
(Fe,Mn,Mg)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.36Graftonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.12.37Wilhelmvierlingite
CaMnFe
3+
 
[OH|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.38Fairfieldite
Ca
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.39Beusite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.12.40Messelite
Ca
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.41Jahnsite-(CaMnFe)
CaMn
2+
 
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.42Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)
CaMn
2+
 
Mn
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.43Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)
CaMn
2+
 
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.44Keckite
CaMnMn
2+
2
Fe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
(H
 
2
O)
 
7
19.12.45Stanfieldite
Ca
 
7
Ca
 
2
Mg
 
9
[PO
 
4
]
 
12
19.12.46Laubmannite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
Fe
3+
6
[(OH)
 
3
|PO
 
4
]
 
4
19.12.47Zodacite
Ca
 
4
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
19.12.48Hagendorfite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Fe
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.49Maghagendorfite
NaMn(Mg,Fe,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.50Varulite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Mn
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.51Griphite
Na
 
4
Li
 
2
Ca
 
6
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
19
Al
 
8
[(F,OH)|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
 
8
19.12.52Attakolite
(Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)
 
4
[(OH)
 
4
|(SiO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)|(HPO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
19.12.53Arrojadite-(KFe)
{KNa}{Fe
2+
 
[ ]}{Ca}{Na
 
2
[ ]}{Fe
2+
13
}{Al}[(OH)
 
2
|HPO
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
11
]
19.12.54Lun'okite
(Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
2
OH·4H
 
2
O
19.12.55Eosphorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Al[(OH)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
19.12.56Ernstite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)Al[(OH,O)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
19.12.57Childrenite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al[(OH)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
19.12.58Bobfergusonite
Na
 
2
Mn
 
5
FeAl(PO
 
4
)
 
6
19.12.59Qingheiite
NaMn
3+
 
Mg(Al,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
 
3
19.12.60Whiteite-(CaFeMg)
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.61Whiteite-(CaMnMg)
CaMn
2+
 
Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.62Whiteite-(MnFeMg)
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.63Rittmannite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)Mn
2+
 
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.64Zanazziite
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Fe)(Mg,Fe,Al)
 
4
Be
 
4
[(OH)
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
6
] · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.65Samuelsonite
(Ca,Ba)Ca
 
8
Fe
2+
2
Mn
2+
2
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
10
]

Other Names for Heterosite

Synonyms:
FerripurpuriteHetepositeHeteroziteNa-heterositeNeopurpurite
PseudotriplitePurpurite (of Graton and Schaller)Soda-Heterosite
Other Languages:
German:Hetepozit
Heterosit
Melanchlor
Russian:Гетерозит
Spanish:Heterosita

Other Information

Other Information:Readily soluble in HCl.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Heterosite

Reference List:Alluaud in: Vauquelin (1825) Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris: 30: 294 (as Heteposite).

Alluaud (1826) Ann. sc. Nat.: 8: 346 (as Heterosite and Heterozite).

Fuchs (1839) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 17: 160 (as Melanchlor).

Blum, J.R. (1845) Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, 2nd. Edition: 537 (as Pseudotriplite).

Graton and Schaller (1905) American Journal of Science: 20: 146 (as Purpurite).

Schaller (1907) American Journal of Science: 24: 152 (as Ferripurpurite).

Pisani in: Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et des ses colonies, Paris. 5 volumes: vol. 4: 470.

Schaller, Waldemar Theodore (1911), Notes on purpurite and heterosite: USGS Bull. 490: 72-79.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 84, 124.

de Jesus (1933) Com. Serv. Geol. Portugal: 19: 65 (as Neopurpurite).

Quensel (1937) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 59: 77 (as Na-heterosite).

Björling and Westgren (1938) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 60: 67.

Mason (1941) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 63: 117.

Fisher (1945) South Dakota Geological Survey Report 50.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 675-677.

American Mineralogist (1972): 57: 45-51.

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    Localities for Heterosite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
      • San Alberto Department
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2006) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina, Vol. 2, p 428 (Asociación Mineralógica Argentina)
    • Salta
      • Nevados de Palermo
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    AmMin 84:1674-1679
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Farnell Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 676.
    • Victoria
      • East Gippsland Shire
        • Omeo
            • Glen Wills
    		Personally collected by Ryan Eagle in 2009
    Museum Victoria Natural Sciences Collection
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Koralpe Mts
        • Moschkogel Mt. - Weinebene area
          • Brandrücken
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Millstatt lake ridge
        • Spittal
          • Millstatt lake
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Bolivia
     
    • La Paz Department
      • Larecaja Province
        • Chacapa
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
    Alfredo Petrov collection and ID
    Brazil
     
    • Northeast Region
      • Paraíba
        • Borborema mineral province
          • Frei Martinho
    		[MinRec 22:183]
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Doce valley
          • Divino das Laranjeiras
            • Linópolis
    		Cassedanne, J.P. (1983): Famous mineral localities: The Córrego Frio mine and vicinity, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 14 (4): 227-237 [ p.233-4]
          • Galiléia
            • Laranjeiras
    		No reference listed
    [MinRec 12:69]
            • Sapucaia do Norte
    		AmMin 89:1087
    Cassedanne, J.P. & Baptista, A. (1999): Famous Mineral Localities: The Sapucaia Pegmatite Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 30: 347-360 + 365
          • Mendes Pimentel
    		Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Ellena, J. (2006): Matioliite, the Mg-analog of burangaite, from Gentil mine, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 91, 1932-1936.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
    		Povondra, P., Pivec, E. (eds.) et al.: Přibyslavice peraluminuous granite. Acta universitatis carolinae, Geologica, 1987, no. 3, s . 183 – 283.
      • Plzeň Region
        • Domažlice (Taus)
          • Otov
    		Čech F., Staněk J., Dávidová Š. (1981): Minerály pegmatitů. - in: Bernard J.H. [ed.]: Mineralogie Československa. Academia, Praha.
    Finland
     
    • Etelä-Suomen Lääni
      • Orivesi
        • Eräjärvi area
    		No reference listed
      • Tammela
    		H-J Wilke (1976) Mineralfundstellen, Band 4, Skandinavien
    H-J Wilke (1976) Mineralfundstellen, Band 4, Skandinavien
    • Länsi-Suomen Lääni
      • Kemiö (Kimito) Island
    		GFF (1899) 21, 639-640
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
    		P. Keller, F. Fontan, F. Velasco Roldan, J.C. Melgarejo i Draper : "Stanekite a new Phosphate Mineral in Pegmatites at Karibib (Namibia) and French Pyrénées (France)", European Journal of Mineralogy, 1977, 9, 475-482
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Bessines-sur-Gartempe
    		http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeldemine/listes%20mineraux.html
        • Razès
          • Chanteloube
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 771.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 676; Boisson, J. M. (1988) - Les monts d'Ambazac, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, (2), 3-33.
    Guide geologique de la Haute Vienne, musee municipal de Limoges, Limoges, 1967
        • Saint-Sylvestre
    		Annal. Chim. Phys. (1825): 30, 294; Annal. Sci. Nat. (1826); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 676.
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Auzat
    		Inventaire Minéralogique de la France Ariège T.2 éditions BRGM
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
        • Aure Valley
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) Aperçu minéralogique de la vallée d'Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées, Le Règne minéral, 47, 5-21. (in french)
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Zwiesel
            • Rabenstein
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 676; Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Pleystein
    		Dill, H.G., Weber, B. (2009), Pleystein-City on Pegmatite, 4th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, Recife, Brazil.
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya [Eastern-Kazakhstan] Oblast')
      • Kalba Range
        • Belogorskii Town
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Madagascar
     
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Amoron'i Mania Region
        • Ampandramaika-Malakialina Pegmatite Field
          • Ambatofinandrahana District
    		Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
        • Okatjimukuju farm (Friedrichsfelde farm)
    		P. Keller and O. von Knorring, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 567-593.
        • Usakos
    Portugal
     
    • Vila Real District
      • Vila Pouca de Aguiar
    • Viseu District
      • Mangualde
        • Chãs de Tavares
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 676.
    Van King
    Rwanda
     
    Can Min (2004) 42, (3), 697-704
    The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 36,pp. 355-366 (1998)
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Namaqualand
        • Kenhardt District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    South Korea
     
    • Jeollabuk-do (Cholla-pukto; Jeonrabugdo)
      • Changsu-gun
        • Kyenae-myon
    		Kinosaki, Y. (1940) Jour. Min. Soc. Korea, 23, 11.
    Spain
     
    • Castile and Leon
      • Zamora
    • Catalonia
      • Girona (Gerona)
        • Alt Empordà
          • Cadaqués
    		Bareche, E. (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Museu Mollfulleda de Mineralogia - Grup Mineralògic Català, 269 p.
    Sweden
     
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		No reference listed
    • Södermanland
      • Stockholm
        • Haninge
    		Gustafsson, Lars & Otter, Bertil (1991): Mineralförekomster i Stockholmstrakten.Del 2. STEIN 18(4),4-12
    • Uppland
      • Sigtuna
        • Arlanda
    		No reference listed
    • Västerbotten
      • Skellefteå
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 676.
    Switzerland
     
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Lago Maggiore
        • Brissago
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 214.
    USA
     
    • Alabama
      • Coosa Co.
        • Rockford District
          • Two Bit pegmatite
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    Rocks & Minerals: 70(5): 320-333.
    • California
    		San Diego Natural History Museum
        • Pala District
    		Jahns, R. A., and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-Bearing Pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology Special Report 7A, p. 31.
    • Colorado
      • Larimer Co.
        • Crystal Mountain Pegmatite District (Storm Mountain District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
          • Storm Mountain
    		Rocks & Min.: 62: 234.
        • Stove Prairie Area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Connecticut
      • Fairfield Co.
        • Redding
          • Branchville
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 676; Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World
    Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State
      • Middlesex Co.
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.234
    Januzzi, R.E. and Seaman, David M. (1976) Mineral Localities Of Connecticut and Southern New York State and Pegmatite Minerals of the World.
        • Portland
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State; Rocks & Min.: 16: 164-167.
    Rocks & Min.: 16:164-165.
    • Maine
      • Cumberland Co.
        • Baldwin
    		No reference listed
        • Standish
    		ef.: Dana 7:I:320; Rocks & Min.: 62:403-404. King & Foord, 1994: Mineralogy of Maine, V 1, p.282.
      • Knox Co.
        • Warren
    		No reference listed
      • Oxford Co.
        • Greenwood
    		Van King
        • Newry
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2.
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2, with updates by Van King
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; Moore, P. B. in King, V. (ed), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2, p. 333-336.
    "Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1" by King, V.T. & Foord, E.E., Maine Geologic Survey, 1994
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1; King, V, 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, Oxford County, Maine, Mineral News, v. 22 (6), p. 1-3.
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1; King, V, 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, Oxford County, Maine, Mineral News, v. 22 (6), p. 1-3.
        • Norway
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, Analysis of Primary Phosphates ..., Mineralogy of Maine, v. 2.
        • Paris
    "Maine Mineral Localites, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al. , 1998
    No reference listed
        • Peru
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
        • Rumford
    		"Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998)
    No reference listed
    Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1991, Maine Mineral Localities, 2nd edition, Maine Geological Survey, Augusts.
    No reference listed
    Scott Soucey and Tim Blake
    No reference listed
        • Stoneham
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
        • Andover
    		Gleba, 1978. Mass. Mineral & Fossil Loc.
        • North Andover
    		Harvard Mineralogical Museum, Ex. Ed Grew collection
      • Hampden Co.
        • Blandford
    		"Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities" by Plante, A.R., Valley Geology Press, 1992
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Huntington
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 676.
    • New Hampshire
      • Cheshire Co.
        • Alstead
    		No reference listed
        • Walpole
    		P Cristofono collection
      • Grafton Co.
        • Alexandria
    		Rocks & Min.: 17:250.
        • Groton
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 702; Rocks & Minerals: 16: 208-211.
    Whitmore & Lawrence, 2004: The Pegmatite Mines Known As Palermo, p.96.
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Rocks & Min.: 11:37.
        • Rumney
    		No reference listed
      • Strafford Co.
        • Strafford
          • Parker Mt
    		Switzer (1938) The Paragenesis of the Center Strafford, New Hampshire Pegmatite. American Mineralogist 23:811
      • Sullivan Co.
        • Claremont
    		No reference listed
        • Newport
    		No reference listed
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
      • Gaston Co.
        • Bessemer City
    		No reference listed
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Custer
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 297
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    Mineralogical Record: 17: 237-254; Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117.
          • Pringle
            • Cicero Peak
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
        • Needles
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
      • Pennington Co.
        • Hill City District
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
        • Keystone District
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
          • Glendale
    		Rocks & Minerals: 60: 116.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
          • Keystone
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    Rocks & Minerals: 67(6): 380-388.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
        • Oreville District
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
        • Unorganized District
    		Van King specimen
    Mineral and/or Locality
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