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Hisingerite

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Big Photo

Poudrette quarry (Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Desourdy quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire), Mont Saint-Hilaire, Rouville RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
© Bill Lechner

Show Hisingerite Photos (12)



Formula:
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Black, Brownish-black
Lustre:Vitreous, Resinous, GreasyHardness:2½ - 3
Name:
For the Swedish chemist and mineralogist, Wilhelm Hisinger (1765-1852)


Amorphous to poorly crystalline hydrated iron silicate.

Compare neotocite and siderogel.

Classification of Hisingerite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/H.26-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.ED.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
D : Phyllosilicates with kaolinite layers composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
Dana 8th edition ID:71.1.5.2

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
1 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.19.8

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
19 : Silicates of Fe
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Type Occurrence of Hisingerite

Type Locality:Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland, Sweden
Year of Discovery:1828

Occurrences of Hisingerite

Geological Setting:Secondary mineral formed by weathering or deuteric alteration of iron bearing silicates or sulfides.

Physical Properties of Hisingerite

Lustre:Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Black, Brownish-black
Streak:Yellowish brown, green
Hardness (Mohs):2½ - 3
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):2.43 - 2.67 g/cm3

Crystallography of Hisingerite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 5.4Å, b = 9.03Å, c = 14.99Å
β = 98.32°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.598 : 1 : 1.66
Unit Cell Volume:V 723.25 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Massive, compact, minutely spherical.
Comment:Amorphous to poorly crystalline
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
4.45 (s)
3.53 (s)
2.56 (s)
1.71 (s)
1.54 (s)
Comments:Very similar to data of neotocite.

Optical Data of Hisingerite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.715 nγ = 1.730
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.015

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r < v
Comments:RI 1.5-1.6

Chemical Properties of Hisingerite

Formula:
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Fe, H, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, O, Si
Common Impurities:Al,Mg,Ca

Relationship of Hisingerite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.ED.05Dickite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.05Kaolinite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.05Nacrite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.05Odinite
(Fe,Mg,Al,Fe,Ti,Mn)
 
2.4
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.10Halloysite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.10Halloysite-7Å
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Amesite
Mg
 
2
Al(AlSiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Antigorite
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Berthierine
(Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,AlMg)
 
2-3
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Brindleyite
(Ni,Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Al(Si,Al)O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Caryopilite
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Chrysotile
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Cronstedtite
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Fraipontite
(Zn,Al)
 
3
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Greenalite
Fe
 
2-3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Kellyite
Mn
2+
2
Al(AlSiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Lizardite
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Manandonite
LiAl
 
4
(BSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
6
9.ED.15Népouite
(Ni,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Pecoraite
Ni
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Guidottiite
Mn
 
2
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
SiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.20Allophane
(Al
 
2
O
 
3
)(SiO
 
2
)
 
1.3-2
 · 2.5-3H
 
2
O
9.ED.20Chrysocolla
Cu
 
2-x
Al
 
x
(H
 
2-x
Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
 · nH
 
2
O (x < 1)
9.ED.20Imogolite
Al
 
2
SiO
 
3
(OH)
 
4
9.ED.20Neotocite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
9.ED.25Bismutoferrite
Fe
3+
2
Bi(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
9.ED.25Chapmanite
Fe
3+
2
Sb
3+
 
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.19.1Fayalite
Fe
2+
2
SiO
 
4
14.19.2Ferrosilite
FeSiO
 
3
14.19.3Laihunite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
14.19.4Ferro-anthophyllite
☐{Fe
2+
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
14.19.5Ferripyrophyllite
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
14.19.6Greenalite
Fe
 
2-3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
14.19.7Cronstedtite
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4

Other Names for Hisingerite

Synonyms:
CanbyiteSturtite
Other Languages:
German:Hisingerit
Thraulit
Spanish:Hisingerita
Varieties:
Aluminian HisingeriteChrome-Alumina-HisingeriteDegeroite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Hisingerite

Reference List:

- +
Whelan, J.A. and S.S. Goldich (1961): New data for hisingerite and neotocite. Amer. Mineral., 46, 1412-1423.

Clark, A.M., A.J. Easton, and M. Mount (1978): A study of the neotocite group. Mineral. Mag., 42, 279-280, M26-M27.

Eggleton, R.A., J.H. Pennington, R.S. Freeman, and I.M. Threadgold (1983): Structural aspects of the hisingerite-neotocite series. Clay Minerals, 18, 21-31.

Clays and Clay Minerals (1984): 32: 272.

Journal of the Czech Geological Society, Prague (1996): 41 (1-2), 7-14.

Clays and Clay Minerals, 46 (4), 400-413, 1998.

Internet Links for Hisingerite

Search Engines:
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    • External Links:
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  • Look for Hisingerite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Hisingerite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Hisingerite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
    • Mineral Dealers:
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  • Find Hisingerite on www.crystalclassics.co.uk
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    • Localities for Hisingerite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		Birch BH Book
    Minerals of Broken Hill, Worner, Dr H. K. and Mitchell, R. W., eds.
    • Tasmania
      • Waratah district
        • Waratah
    		Bottrill, unpub.
      • Zeehan District
        • Dundas mineral field
    		Ralph Bottrill pers comm
    • Victoria
      • City of Greater Geelong
    		Clays and Clay Minerals 36:327-336
    • Western Australia
      • Leonora Shire
        • Agnew
    		Agnew Gold Mine. Technical Short Form Report; Goldfields Ltd; 31/12/2011
      • Westonia Shire
        • Westonia
    		Simpson, E.S., (1948) Minerals of Western Australia. Volume 1-3. Government Printer, Perth.
    Bolivia
     
    • Cochabamba Department
      • Ayopaya Province
    		Alfredo Petrov collection; Laszlo Horvath collection
        • Independencia
    		Alfredo Petrov and Jaroslav Hyrsl collections
    • Oruro Department
      • Dalence Province
        • Huanuni
    		[MinRec 32:472]
        • Santa Fé Mining District
    		[MinRec 32:475]
    • Potosí Department
      • Rafael Bustillo Province (Bustillos Province)
        • Llallagua
    		[MinRec 32:474]; Hyrsl, J. & A. Petrov (2006): Famous Mineral Localities: Llallagua, Bolivia. Mineralogical Record. 37: 117-162
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Chaudière-Appalaches
        • Montmagny RCM
          • St-Fabien-de-Panet
    		Sabina (1992) GSC Misc. Report 46, 62
      • Mauricie
        • Mékinac RCM
    		Sabina, A.P. (1983) Rocks & minerals for the collector: Kingston Ontario to Lac Saint-Jean, Quebec. GSC Misc. Report 32, 73-74.
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Horváth, L and Gault, R.A. (1990), The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire Quebec. Mineralogical Record: 21: 284-359.
    Chile
     
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Collahuasi District
    		Sulphides analysed by geology dep. of company; sulphates, phosphates, analysed by Bob Jenkins (Usa) 2007
    China
     
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Ulanhad League (Chifeng Prefecture)
        • Hexigten Banner (Keshiketeng Co.)
    		Ottens, B. and G. Neumeier (2012) The Huanggang Mine, Inner Mongolia, China. Mineralogical Record 43:529-563
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
    		Josef Vajdak (2008) Mineral News, 24, #3, 15.
      • Pardubice Region
    		Povondra, P.: Minerály neotokit – hisingerotivé řady z Chvaletic v Železných horách. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 29-30.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
    		Fojt, B., Hladíková, J., Kalenda, F.: Zlaté Hory ve Slezsku – největší rudní revír v Jeseníkách. Část 2.: C. Geologie D. Mineralogie E. geochemie stabilních prvků. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2001, roč. 86, s. 3 - 58.
    Finland
     
    • Southern Finland Region
      • Helsinki
        • Laajasalo
          • Kaitalahti
    		[var: Degeroite] Holmberg, H. J. (1857): Mineralogischer Wegweiser durch Finland. Bidrag till Finlands naturkännendom, etnografi och statistik. Vol 1. Finska Vetenskaps-societeten. (p.4)
    France
     
    • Aquitaine
      • Dordogne
        • Nontron
    		Cuchet, S., Ansermet S. & Meisser, N. (2008) L'embreyite et l'hisingerite du filon du Cantonnier, Nontron, Dordogne (France), Le Règne Minéral, 84, 23-24.
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Hauzenberg
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Waldkirchen
            • Röhrnbach
    		Habel, M. (2009): Der Granodioritbruch der Fa. Josef Uhrmann OHG, Steinerleinbach bei Röhrnbach. Mineralien-Welt 20 (2), 66-86.
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Oberschulenberg
    		Lapis, 11 (1), 9-18+42
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Palatinate
        • Kusel
          • Reichweiler
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Marienberg District
          • Lauta
    		Hajek, W. (2010): Kristallwelten Marienberg. Weise Verlag, München.
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		No reference listed
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
    		[Mineralogical Record - Vol 24 No 2]
    Hungary
     
    • Heves Co.
      • Mátra Mts.
        • Recsk
    		Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min.Spec., 1993
    Israel
     
    • Negev
    		Vapnik, Y., Sokol, E., Murashko M., Sharygin V. (2006): The enigma of Hatrurim. Mineralogical Almanac, 10, 69-77.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido
      • Kitami
    		Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (conserved by the Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Yamanashi Prefecture
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Niimi City
            • Ohsa-osakabe
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
        • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan); T. Sudo and T. Nakamura (1952) American Mineralogist, 37, 618-621
      • Kanto Region
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu City
            • Ohtaki-mura
              • Nakatsugawa
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Kinki Region
        • Nara Prefecture
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
        • Wakayama Prefecture
    		T. Sudo and T. Nakamura (1952) American Mineralogist, 37, 618-621
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Esashi City
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Kamaishi City
    		Imai, N. (1976) journal of the Japan Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 71, 255-263.
    • Kyushu Region
      • Fukuoka prefecture
        • Munakata
    		Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (curated at Geological Survey museum, Japan)
      • Kagoshima Prefecture
        • Suzuyama District
    		T. Sudo and T. Nakamura (1952) American Mineralogist, 37, 618-621
      • Miyazaki prefecture
        • Hinokage-cho
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (conserved by the Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Nansei Archipelago
        • Okinawa Prefecture
          • Okinawa Island
            • Yanbaru region
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • East Camp
    		Panczner (1987): 77-395.
          • West Camp
            • Francisco Portillo
    		Panczner (1987):94-366.
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Iveland
        • Ljosland
          • Knipan (Knipane)
    		Breivik, H., Myre, K. & Gunnufsen, K. (2010): Gammelt og nytt, stort og smått fra Storsynken, Knipane, Iveland. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 43: 88-93
    • Oppland
      • Lom
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, (p. 98).
    Wilke, H.-J. (1976): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 4: Skandinavien. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 370 pp. (p.124)
    • Østfold
      • Hobøl
        • Mjærum
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 218.
    • Sør-Trøndelag
      • Klæbu
    		Selbekk R.S. (2010): Norges mineraler. En revidert utgave av Norges mineraler (Neumann 1985). Tapir-NGU-NHM, p.233
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen
    		Larsen, A.O. & Erambert, M. (2005): Neotocite and hisingerite from nepheline syenite pegmatites in the Larvik plutonic complex, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30:68-71
    • Vest-Agder
      • Farsund
    		Nordrum, F. S. (2007): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2006-2007. STEIN 34 (2), 14-26
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Tjølling
          • Klåstad
    		Dietrich, R.V. (1961): Contributions to the Mineralogy of Norway No. 12. Hisingerite in "dark" Larvikite. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. 41: 95-108
          • Viksfjord
    		Dietrich, R.V. (1961): Contributions to the Mineralogy of Norway No. 12. Hisingerite in "dark" Larvikite. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. 41: 95-108
    Romania
     
    • Maramureș Co.
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sangilen Upland
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
        • Kavalerovo Mining District
    		[MinRec 32:8]
    Rogulina, L.I., and Sveshnikova, O.L. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(1), 60-74.
    American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 432-435
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages
              • Kirovskii apatite mine (Kirovsky Mine; Kirovskii Mine; Kirov Mine)
    		Pekov, I. et al (2003): New Data on Minerals: 38: 20-33.
            • Rasvumchorr Mt
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Pavel Kartashov specimens.
          • Lovozero Massif
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Falun
    		No reference listed
      • Smedjebacken
    		No reference listed
    • Gästrikland
      • Hofors
    		No reference
    • Lappland
      • Malå
    		No reference listed
    • Östergötland
      • Åtvidaberg
    		No reference listed
      • Valdemarsvik
    		Sandström, F. (2007): Skrikerum. Litiofilen 24 (1), 22-38
    • Uppland
      • Norrtälje
        • Väddö
      • Östhammar
        • Dannemora
    		No reference listed
      • Vaxholm
        • Resarö
    		No reference listed
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Nordmark district
          • Finnshytteberg ore field (Finnshytte)
    		No reference listed
        • Nyttsta ore field
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
        • Persberg district
          • Pajsberg
    		No reference listed
          • Yngshytte ore field
    • Västerbotten
      • Boliden
    		Kjell Gatedal
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		No reference listed
      • Lindesberg
    		No reference listed
      • Ljusnarsberg
      • Nora
      • Norberg
      • Skinnskatteberg
    		Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol. 46, No. 4, 400-413, 1998.
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Saint-Luc
    		Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer)
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Gwennap
            • St Day United Mines (Poldice Mines)
    		No reference listed
          • Kea
            • Baldhu
    		No reference listed
        • Liskeard District
          • Linkinhorne
            • Minions
    		No reference listed
        • Mount's Bay District
          • Paul
    		No reference listed
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Carrock Fell
    		No reference listed
    Ukraine
     
    • Crimea Oblast'
      • Crimea peninsula
    		Chukhrov F.V., Gorshkov A.I., Berezovskaya V.V., Sivtsov A.V. (1987) New data on mineralogy of Kerch ores, - Izvestiya AN SSSR, ser. geol., 4, p. 60-77 (in Rus.)
          • Kerchenskyi (Fe)-ore basin
            • Kerchenskoe deposit
              • Katerlez Trough
    		Chukhrov F.V., Gorshkov A.I., Berezovskaya V.V., Sivtsov A.V. (1987) New data on mineralogy of Kerch ores, - Izvestiya AN SSSR, ser. geol., 4, p. 60-77 (in Rus.)
      • Simferopol area
        • Lozovoye Village area
    		Tischenko Alexander
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		No reference listed
        • Tombstone Hills
          • Tombstone District
    		Rob Bowell, lab tested
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Christmas area
              • Christmas
    		R.O. Meyer collection
        • Globe-Miami District
          • Miami-Inspiration District
            • Inspiration
              • Castle Dome area (Castle Dome Mine area; Pinto Valley Mine area)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 251; Peterson, N.P., et al (1951), Geology and ore deposits of the Castle Dome area, Gila Co., USGS Bull. 971; Peterson, N.P. (1947), Phosphate minerals in the Castle Dome copper deposit, AZ, Am.Min.: 32: 574-582.
      • Pima Co.
        • Tohono O'odom (Papago) Indian Reservation
          • Comobabi Mts
            • Cababi District (Comobabi District)
              • Ko Vaya
                • Mildren Mine group
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 251; Williams, S.A, (1963), Oxidation of sulfide ores in the Mildren and Steppe mining districts, Pima Co., AZ, Econ.Geol.: 58: 1119-1125.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 251; Williams, S.A, (1963), Oxidation of sulfide ores in the Mildren and Steppe mining districts, Pima Co., AZ, Econ.Geol.: 58: 1119-1125.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mammoth District
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 252; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181.
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Eureka District
          • Bagdad
            • Bozarth Mesa
    		Anderson, C.A., et al (1955), Geology and ore deposits of the Bagdad area, Yavapai County, Arizona, USGS PP 278: 51.
    • California
      • Kern Co.
        • Kramer District
          • Boron
    		Morgan, V. and Erd, R.C. (1969) Minerals of the Kramer borate district, California California Division of Mines and Geology Mineral Information Service: 22(9): 152, 165, 168; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 66, 438; Cal Div of Mines & Geology "Mineral Information Service: 22(9) (Sept 1969).
      • Riverside Co.
        • Whitewater
    		Alfredo Petrov, field observations, 14-06-2009
      • Sonoma Co.
        • Mayacmas Mts (Mayacamas Mts)
          • West Mayacmas District
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 373; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 355.
        • Santa Rosa
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 219; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 438.
    • Colorado
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Dorchester District
          • Taylor Park
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • Delaware
      • New Castle Co.
        • Wilmington
    		Rocks & Min.:11:216; 21:280-281; AmMin:9(1924):1-5.
    • Idaho
      • Blaine Co.
        • Hailey District
          • Bellevue
            • Minnie Moore and Silver Star-Queens Mine (Queen of the Hills; Relief Claim)
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    • Maine
      • Oxford Co.
        • Paris
    		King, V. T. and Foord, E. E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Descriptive Mineralogy, volume 1, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, USA, pp. 418 + 88 plates. "Maine Mineral Localites, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al. , 1998
        • Peru
    		C. Burtic & R. Dionne collections.
    • Michigan
    		www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
    • Minnesota
      • Crow Wing Co.
        • Cuyuna Range
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
      • St. Louis Co.
    		Bernard J.H. and Hyrsl J. (2004) Minerals and their Localities.
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Fairview District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Goodsprings District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Elko Co.
        • Independence Mountains District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Potosi District
    		Min Rec 10:4 pp219-221
      • Mineral Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Madison
    		Rocks & Min 80:245
      • Grafton Co.
        • Groton
    		Rocks & Min. 80:256 (2005)
    • New Mexico
      • Rio Arriba Co.
        • Petaca District
          • Las Tablas
            • La Jarita Mesa
    		Schreyer, W., and Chinner, G.A. (1966): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 12, 223-244.
    • New York
      • Orange Co.
    		Alfredo Petrov specimen
      • Putnam Co.
        • Southeast Township
          • Brewster
    		Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43 (Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Trainer, 1938).
    Leonard S.Wiener and Sigrid Ballew,1995, Updated by Kenny Gay,2006, A Listing Of North Carolina Minerals,Geologic Note No.4
    Davidson,S.C.,1927,The Hiddenite Occurrence In North Carolina:American Mineralogist,Vol.12,1927,pg.305-307
    • Pennsylvania
      • Lancaster Co.
        • Bart Township
          • Gap
    		Min.Rec.:21:103; Dana 6:1069; Dana 7:I:235,241 & II:490.
    • Utah
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Carroll Co.
        • Southern Section-Blue Ridge Province
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Washington
      • Okanogan Co.
        • Golden Horn Batholith
    		Van King
      • Skagit Co.
        • Mount Vernon
    		Mustoe, G. E. (1996b). Hisingerite—a rare iron mineral from Walker Valley, Skagit County, Washington. Washington Geology v. 24, n. 4 (December, 1996) pp 14-19.
      • Stevens Co.
        • Hunters
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
    • Wisconsin
      • Marathon Co.
        • Rib Mountain
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1987) 62:188-195
        • Wausau pluton
    		Rocks & Min.: 62: 188.
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