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Hollandite

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Königsberg Mt., Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
© Peter Haas

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Formula:
Ba(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
System:MonoclinicColour:Silvery-grey to greyish ...
Hardness:4 - 6
Member of:Cryptomelane Group
Name:After T.H. Holland (1868-1947), Director, Geological Survey of India.


Chemically similar to romanèchite.

Classification of Hollandite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.08-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DK.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
K : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures
Dana 8th edition ID:7.9.1.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
9 : AB8X16
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.4.17

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
4 : Oxides of Be, Mg and the alkaline earths
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Type Occurrence of Hollandite

Type Locality:Kajlidongri mine, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Year of Discovery:1906

Physical Properties of Hollandite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Silvery-grey to greyish black, black
Streak:Black
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 6
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Prismatic.
Parting:Crystals readily break parallel to [001] into striated chips or fibers.
Density (measured):4.95 g/cm3

Crystallography of Hollandite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:a = 10.02Å, b = 2.87Å, c = 9.72Å
β = 91.03°
Ratio:a:b:c = 3.491 : 1 : 3.387
Unit Cell Volume:V 279.48 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals short prismatic, terminated by a flat pyramid. Massive, fibrous.
Twinning:Reported (non-specific).
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
4.864 (5)
3.522 (35)
3.460 (35)
3.178 (58)
3.143 (100)
3.101 (98)
3.069 (58)
2.760 (11)
2.506 (4)
2.412 (73)
2.244 (11)
2.212 (17)
2.204 (25)
2.181 (32)
2.173 (24)
2.153 (29)
1.9986 (7)
1.9865 (2)
1.9812 (2)
1.9706 (14)
1.9035 (5)
1.8601 (18)
1.8506 (8)
1.8310 (6)
1.8220 (24)
1.7611 (6)
1.7298 (6)
1.7191 (2)
1.6946 (6)
1.6917 (6)
1.6707 (21)
1.6212 (20)
1.6142 (13)
1.5654 (5)
1.5514 (23)
1.5411 (20)
Comments:JCPDS 34-174

Optical Data of Hollandite

Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Strong
Colour in reflected light:White
Pleochroism:Weak

Chemical Properties of Hollandite

Formula:
Ba(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
Essential elements:Ba, Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:Ba, Mn, O
Common Impurities:Fe,Pb,K,Na

Relationship of Hollandite to other Species

Member of:Cryptomelane Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Coronadite
Pb(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
Cryptomelane
K(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
Manjiroite
(Na,K)Mn
 
8
O
 
16
 · nH
 
2
O
Strontiomelane
SrMn
4+
6
Mn
3+
2
O
 
16
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.DK.05Akaganeite
β-Fe
3+
 
O(OH,Cl)
4.DK.05Ankangite
Ba(Ti,V
3+
 
,Cr)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.05Coronadite
Pb(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.05Manjiroite
(Na,K)Mn
 
8
O
 
16
 · nH
 
2
O
4.DK.05Mannardite
Ba
 
x
Ti
 
8-2x
V
 
2x
O
 
16
·2-xH
 
2
O
4.DK.05Priderite
(K,Ba)(Ti,Fe)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.05Redledgeite
Ba
 
x
([Cr,Fe,V]
3+
2x
Ti
 
8-2x
)O
 
16
4.DK.05Henrymeyerite
BaFe
2+
 
Ti
 
7
O
 
16
4.DK.10Cryptomelane
K(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.10Romanèchite
(Ba,H
 
2
O)
 
2
Mn
 
5
O
 
10
4.DK.10Todorokite
(Ca,K,Na,Mg,Ba,Mn)(Mn,Mg,Al)
 
6
O
 
12
 · 3H
 
2
O
4.DK.10Strontiomelane
SrMn
4+
6
Mn
3+
2
O
 
16
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.4.1Bromellite
BeO
7.4.2Behoite
Be(OH)
 
2
7.4.3Clinobehoite
Be(OH)
 
2
7.4.4Chrysoberyl
BeAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.5Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S
Mg
 
3
Al
 
8
BeO
 
16
7.4.6Magnesiotaaffeite-6N’3S
Mg
 
2
BeAl
 
6
O
 
12
7.4.7Periclase
MgO
7.4.8Brucite
Mg(OH)
 
2
7.4.9Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.10Meixnerite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
18
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.4.11Lime
CaO
7.4.12Portlandite
Ca(OH)
 
2
7.4.13Mayenite
Ca
 
12
Al
 
14
O
 
33
7.4.14Hydrocalumite
Ca
 
2
Al(OH)
 
7
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.4.15Marokite
CaMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.16Ranciéite
(Ca,Mn)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.4.18Romanèchite
(Ba,H
 
2
O)
 
2
Mn
 
5
O
 
10
7.4.19Todorokite
(Ca,K,Na,Mg,Ba,Mn)(Mn,Mg,Al)
 
6
O
 
12
 · 3H
 
2
O

Other Names for Hollandite

Other Languages:
German:Hollandit
Russian:Голландит
Spanish:Hollandita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Hollandite

Reference List:

- +
Fermor (1906), Transactions of the Min. Geol. Institute of India: 1: 76.

Fermor (1908), Geological Survey of India, Records: 36: 295.

Fermor (1909), Geological Survey of India, Mem.: 37: 87.

Fermor (1917), Geological Survey of India, Records: 48: 103.

Orcel and Pavlovitch (1931), Bull. soc. min.: 54: 134.

Schneiderhöhn and Ramdohr (1931): 2: 514.

Frondel, C. and Heinrich (1942), American Mineralogist: 27: 48.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 743-744.

American Mineralogist (1953): 38: 1056-1065.

Post J. E., Von Dreele R. B., Buseck P. R. (1982), Symmetry and Cation Displacement in Hollandites: Structure Refinements of Hollandite, Cryptomelane and Priderite. Acta Crystallographica: B38: 1056-1065.

Miura, H. (1986) The crystal structure of hollandite. Mineralogical Journal of Japan: 13(3): 119-129.

Internet Links for Hollandite

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    • Localities for Hollandite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Angola
     
    • Huambo Province
      • Bailundo City Council
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • Namibe Province
      • Tombwa City Council
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		Birch BH Book
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Mt Babbage area (Inlier)
    		P.-A. Wulser unpublished data
          • Puttapa
    		Elliott, P. (1991): Minerals from the Beltana mine, Puttapa, South Australia. Mineral. Rec. 22, 449-456.
        • South Flinders Ranges
          • Martins Well
    Austria
     
    • Burgenland
      • Großpetersdorf
        • Badersdorf
    		Ertl, A. (2002): Ranciéit, Hollandit und Braunit von Steinbruch Holler, Badersdorf, Burgenland. In: Niedermayr, G. et al. Neue Mineralfunde aus Österrich Li. Carinthia II, 192/112, 215-244.
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Friesach
          • Olsa
    		Eur.J.Mineral. 17(1), 163-172(2005)
        • Hüttenberg
      • Gurktaler Alpen Mts
        • St Veit an der Glan
          • Sonntagsberg Mt.
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Kals valley
    		Neinaveie, M. H. (1979): Schichtgebundene Metallanreicherungen in den Schieferhüllen und in der Matreier Zone Osttirols. Unpubl. Dissertation, Universität Innsbruck, xx pp.
    Uwe Kolitsch
    Belgium
     
    • Luxembourg Province
      • Stavelot Massif
        • Vielsalm
          • Salm-Château
    		W. Schreyer et al. , Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 141, Issue 5, 2001, pp. 560-571.
    Bolivia
     
    • Santa Cruz Department
      • Sandoval Province
        • La Gaiba District
    		Josep Sanchez-Lafuente collection.
    Bosnia and Herzegovina
     
    • Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      • Sarajevo Canton
        • Ilijaš municipality
    		Vujanovic, V. (1962): Mineralogy and genesis of the manganese ore deposits of Cevljanovic, Bosnia. Glasnik Prirod. Muzeja Beogradu (1962), 16-17 (Ser. A), 219-263.
    Brazil
     
    • Bahia
    		Varentsov, I.M. (1996): Manganese ores of supergene zone: Geochemistry of formation. Springer (Berlin, Heidelberg, New York), 342 pp.
    Bulgaria
     
    • Burgas Oblast (Bourgas Oblast)
    		Banushev, B. and Vasileva, M. (1994): New manganese ore showings in the Eastern Srednogorie. Dokladi na Bulgarskata Akademiya na Naukite 47, 33-36.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		Min. Mag. 60, 403
    China
     
    • Guangdong Province
      • Yunfu Prefecture
        • Luoding Co.
    		Jian-Wei Li, Vasconcelos, P., Wei Zhang, Xiao-Dong Deng, Duzgoren-Aydin, N., Dai-Rong Yan, Jian-Qiang Zhang, and Ming-An Hu (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42(4), 361-383.
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Chongzuo Prefecture
        • Daxin Co.
    		Dairong Yan, Jianwei Li, Mingan Hu, and Yinsheng Lang (2006): Geological Science and Technology Information 25(3), 61-67.
      • Fangchenggang Prefecture
        • Fangcheng District
    		Yinsheng Lang, Jianwei Li, Xiaodong Deng, Wei Zhang, Dairong Yan, and Lei Chen (2007): Mineral Deposits 26(5), 527-540
      • Qinzhou Prefecture
        • Qinnan District
    		Yinsheng Lang, Jianwei Li, Xiaodong Deng, Wei Zhang, Dairong Yan, and Lei Chen (2007): Mineral Deposits 26(5), 527-540
    • Hubei Province
      • Huanggang Prefecture
        • Luotian Co.
          • Hejiawan
    		Jingqu Yao (1992): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 11(3), 257-266
    Jingqu Yao (1992): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 11(3), 257-266
      • Suizhou Prefecture
        • Sui Co.
          • Xihe
      • Wuhan Prefecture
        • Huangpi District
    		Jingqu Yao (1992): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 11(3), 257-266
    Costa Rica
     
    • Guanacaste Province
    		Halbach, P.; Gursky, H. J.; Gursky, M. M.; Schmidt-Effing, R.; Maresch, W. V. (1992): Composition and formation of fossil manganese nodules in Jurassic to Cretaceous radiolarites from the Nicoya Ophiolite Complex (NW Costa Rica). Mineralium Deposita 27, 153-160.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Liberec Region
    		Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • South Moravia Region
        • Tišnov
    		Exnar, P., Doubek, Z.: Hollandit a kryptomelan z oblasti Lažánek a Maršova u Tišnova. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1998, roč. 6, s. 175 - 177.
    Fiji
     
    Skiba, W. J. (1964): Geological studies in southwest Viti Levu. I. Petrology of the principal rock types. II. The manganese deposits. Fiji, Geol. Surv. Dept., Mem. 1, 1-56.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Sélestat (Schlettstadt)
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Ébreuil
          • Échassières
    		Le Règne Minéral, (33), 5-25.
      • Cantal
        • Aurillac
          • Maurs
      • Haute-Loire
        • Lubilhac
    		P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989 ; F.H. Forestier : "Les Péridotites Serpentinisées de France", Fascicule IV, BRGM, 1964
    • Lorraine
      • Vosges
        • Gérardmer
    		Weil, R. & Siat, A. (1958): Characteristics of the Haut-Poirot manganese deposit. Compt. rend. 247, 937-940 (in French).
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
    		"Les minéralisations associées au volcanisme andésitique de Biot-Villeneuve Loubet (Alpes Maritimes)" P. ROSTAN ,2005
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Pforzheim
          • Neuenbürg District
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Titisee-Neustadt
          • Eisenbach
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Hammereisenbach
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
    K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Schwandorf
          • Wölsendorf Fluorite mining District
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Hesse
      • Taunus Mts
        • Friedberg
          • Ober-Rosbach (Oberrosbach)
    		Magma 1984(2), 31-41
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Sundern
          • Allendorf
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Siegerland
        • Müsen
    		Reinhardt, M. (2010): Die Mineralien der Grube Wildermann bei Müsen im Siegerland. Lapis 35 (11), 13-28; 54
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Wolfstein
    		Lapis 2001(6), 13-40
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Ehrenfriedersdorf
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Langenberg
            • Graul
              • Gottes Geschick Vereinigt Feld Mine
    		http://www.dergraul.de
    XRD and SEM-EDX analysis (T. Witzke)
      • Oberlausitz
        • Kamenz
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
          • Andros Island
            • Vasilikon Mt
    		No reference listed
          • Milos Island (Melos)
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		LAPIS 24 (7/8) 1999; Wendel, W. and Markl, G. (1999) Lavrion: Mineralogische Klassiker und Raritäten für Sammler. LAPIS 24 (7/8):34-52
    No reference listed
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Rudabányai Mts.
        • Rudabánya
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
      • Zempléni Mts.
        • Erdőhorváti
    		GEODA, 1999
    • Fejér Co.
      • Bakony Mts.
    		Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Bakony Mts.
    		Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    India
     
    • Andhra Pradesh
    		Rao, J. S. R. Krishna; Kasipathi, C. (1985): Occurrence of todorokite from Adilabad Manganese Mines, Andhra Pradesh. Current Science 54, 862.
      • Vizianagaram District
    		Econ Geol (1980) 75:1083-1104
    Econ Geol (1980) 75:1083-1104
    Rao, J. S. R. Krishna; Murty, D. S. N. (1968): Minerals, textural features, and paragenesis of the manganese ore from Garbham, Srikakulum district, Andhra Pradesh. Mineral Wealth 4 (2), 13-16.
    Econ Geol (1980) 75:1083-1104
    • Madhya Pradesh
    		Shukla, K. D.; Anandalwar, M. A. (1973): Geology and manganese ore deposits of the Balaghat-Ukwa area, Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh. Bulletins of the Geological Survey of India, Series A: Economic Geology 22, 1-65.
      • Bhandara District
    		MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, DECEMBER 1984, VOL. 48, PP. 558-60
      • Jabalpur Division
        • Chhindwara District (Chindawara District; Chindwara District)
    		Roy, S., and Purkait, P.K. (1968): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 20, 86-114.
      • Jhabua District
    		Nayak, V. K. (1966): Mineralogy and genesis of the manganese ores of Kajlidongri mine, district Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, India. Economic Geology 61, 1280-1282.
    • Maharashtra
      • Bahdra District
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1968 36 : 1034-1036.
      • Nagpur Division
    		Tom Loomis specimen
    • Orissa
      • Sundargarh District (Sundergarh District)
    		Nicholson, K., Nayak, V. K., Nanda, J. K. (1997): Manganese ores of the Ghoriajhor-Monmunda area, Sundergarh District, Orissa, India: geochemical evidence for a mixed Mn source. Geological Society Special Publication 119 (Manganese Mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits), 117-121.
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Wicklow
      • Blessington
        • Kilbride
    Israel
     
    Hans Niedermeier (2000) Mineralien Welt, 11, #5, 58-62.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Brown P., essene E.J., Peacor D.R. (1978) - The mineralogy and petrology of Manganese-rich rocks from St. Marcel, Piedmont (AND THAT'S A MISTAKE OF REGION), Italy -Contr. Mineral. petrol. (Springer), Vol. 67, n. 3, pp. 227-232
    • Liguria
      • La Spezia Province
        • Casella-Quaratica
    		Di Lisi S., Natucci A., Passarino G., 2004. Cristalli di braunite nelle ricerche minerarie di Riccò del Golfo. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 28, 4: 204-211
        • Vara Valley
          • Borghetto Vara
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    • Lombardy
      • Varese Province
        • Ceresio Valley
    		Guastoni A., Pezzotta F., Demartin F., 2004. Contributo alla mineralogia del granofiro di Cuasso al Monte: recenti determinazioni su esemplari del MSNM. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 28, 4: 194-202.
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Corsaglia Valley
          • Frabosa Soprana
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Montaldo di Mondovì
            • Borgata Oberti
              • Frazze and Rocconi localities
    		Cabella, R., Lucchetti, G. and Marescotti, P. (1999): Occurrence of LREE- and Y-arsenates from a Fe-Mn deposit, Ligurian Briançonnais Domain, Maritime Alps, Italy. Can. Mineral. 37, 961-972. Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Cadoni, M., Armellino, G., Piccoli, G.C., Ambrino, P., Blass, G., Odicino, G., Ciuffardi, M. (2011): Montaldo di Mondovì Minerali della miniera di manganese e ferro. Micro, 9, 4-21.
        • Varaita Valley
          • Bellino
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Stazzema
    		Carcangiu et al., 1992. Stratigrafia, mineralogia e metamorfismo di un orizzonte residuale triassico nelle Alpi Apuane: "Formazione delle Brecce di Seravezza". Plinius, 8: 140-141.
    Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di Laurea inedita, Università di Pisa; Orlandi, P. & Campostrini, I. (2005): Zibaldone. Aggiornamenti di mineralogia italiana 2004. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2005, 184-191.
    Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di Laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido
      • Shiribeshi Province
        • Yoichi
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Ono
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Miyagi Prefecture
          • Miyazaki-cho
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Shikoku Island
      • Ehime Prefecture
    		Fukushima, H., Minakawa, T. & Nishio, D. (2005): Ba-rich tweddillite from the Kamisugai mine in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, Shikoku, Japan. Ganseki Kobutsu Kagaku 34, 69-76. (in Japanese)
        • Uma-gun
          • Doi
    		Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan)
    No reference listed
    Jordan
     
    • Wadi Arabah (Wadi Araba)
    		Qatar Univ. Sci. J. 21:101-117.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Aktobe Province (Aqtöbe Oblysy; Aktubinskaya Oblast')
      • Urals
        • Kempirsai Cr deposit
    		Am.Min.79,388(1994)
    Madagascar
     
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Amoron'i Mania Region
        • Ambatofinandrahana District
    		Hyrsl, J. & Niedermayr, G. (2003): Magic World: Inclusions in Quartz. Bode Verlag, Haltern.
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aldama
    		Cross, B. & Culp Zeitner J. (2006), Geodes Natures Treasures, P.26
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • East Camp
    		Megaw, P.K.M., 1990b, Geology and geochemistry of the Santa Eulalia mining district, Chihuahua, Mexico.: Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Arizona, 549 p
    • Michoacan
      • Mun. de Coalcomám
    Morocco
     
    • Meknès-Tafilalet Region
      • Er Rachidia Province
    		Kristalle specimen
      • Khénifra Province
        • Midelt
          • Upper Moulouya lead district
            • Mibladene (Mibladén; Mibladan; Miblanden)
    		Dennis Tryon
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Imini area
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:65-79
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:65-79
    Econ Geol (1988) 83:93-117
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:65-79
    Econ Geol (1986) 81:65-79
    • Tadla-Azilal Region
      • Azilal Province
    		Varentsov, I.M. (1996): Manganese ores of supergene zone: Geochemistry of formation. Springer (Berlin, Heidelberg, New York), 342 pp.
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Mineralogical Record: 22: 421.
    Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 368 pp. (in English)
    Norway
     
    • Akershus
      • Hurdal
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 74
      • Nannestad
        • Hurdalsjøen
    		Larsen, A.O.(1978): Tangen manganforekomst. NAGS-nytt 5(4),15-18
    • Buskerud
      • Kongsberg
    		Nordrum, F. S. (2003): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2002-2003. STEIN 30 (2), 4-10
    Pakistan
     
    • Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North-West Frontier Province)
      • Peshawar
        • Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri
    		The Mineralogical Record, Volume 35 Number 3, p. 212
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Kaczawskie Mts
    		Paulo A. 1970: Minerały niklu i bizmutu w żyłach kruszcowych okolicy Chełmca (Góry Kaczawskie, Dolny Śląsk). Polska Akademia Nauk - Oddział w Krakowie, Komisja Nauk Mineralogicznych, Prace Mineralogiczne 24, 61-82
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Košice Co.
        • Medzev
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
      • Rožňava Co.
        • Rožňava (Rosenau)
          • Čučma
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    South Africa
     
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Kromdraai 209 JR farm
    		Rocks & Minerals 83:5 pp 410-421
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Teruel
        • Camañas
    		Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
    • Catalonia
      • Girona (Gerona)
        • La Selva
          • Maçanet de la Selva
    		Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
    • Murcia
      • Cartagena
        • Sierra Minera de Cartagena-La Unión
          • San Ginés de la Jara
            • Cabezo de San Ginés
    • Valencian Community
      • Castellón
        • Chóvar
          • El Hembrar
    		Adrián Pesudo
    Sweden
     
    • Lappland
    		No reference listed
    Alan Goldstein collection.
    Wilke Band 4 Skandinavien
    Dr H-J Wilke. Band 4 Skandinavien
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Albula Valley
        • Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass)
          • Tinizong (Tinzen)
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 243.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Turtmann Valley
        • Pipjitälli
    		The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 44, pp. 000 (2006) page 205
    Tanzania
     
    • Dodoma Region
      • Kongwa
    		www.min.uni-kiel.de/petrographie/schenk/projekte/tansania/mautia/dmg_mautia.pdf.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Threlkeld District
            • Blencathra
    		Mineralisation in the upper Glenderamackin Valley, Mungrisdale, Cumbria, UK Journal of Mines & Minerals, number 29, 2008
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd (Merionethshire)
        • Llanycil
          • Mynydd Nodol
    		National Museum of Wales database
          • Pantllwini
    		national Museum of Wales Collection
    USA
     
    • Alabama
      • Cherokee Co.
    		Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
      • Clay Co.
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
        • Shinbone Valley
    		Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
      • Cleburne Co.
        • Rock Run Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Arizona
      • Coconino Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 194, 252; Crittenden, M.D., et al (1962), Studies of manganese oxide minerals-VI. Thallium in some manganese oxides, Am.Min.: 47: 1461-1467.
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Hayden area
              • Chilito
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 252; Keith, S.B. (1972), Mineralogy and paragenesis of the 79 mine lead-zinc-copper deposit, Min.Rec.: 3: 247-264.
        • Sierra Ancha Mts
          • Sierra Ancha District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 194, 252; Crittenden, M.D., et al (1962), Studies of manganese oxide minerals - VI. Thallium in some manganese oxides, Am.Min.: 47: 1461-1467; Hewett, D.F., et al (1963), Deposits of the manganese oxides: supplement, Econ.Geol.: 58: 1-51.
      • Greenlee Co.
        • Big Lue Mountains (Big Laue Mountain)
    		"Microminerals from the Big Lue Mountains", Ron Gibbs, 13th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium, November 14-15, 1992.
      • Mohave Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of AZ, 3rd. ed.: 188; Mouat, M.M. (1962), Mn Oxides from the Artillery Mts area, AZ, Am.Min.: 47: 744-757.
          • Artillery Peak
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 252, 279.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 252, 351.
          • Maggie Canyon
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 252; Mouat, M.M. (1962), Mn oxides from the Artillery Mts area, AZ: Am.Min.: 47:744-757.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 252.
      • Pima Co.
        • Tohono O'odom (Papago) Indian Reservation
          • Cimarron & Sheridan Mts
            • Cimarron District (Salt Well District)
              • Sheridan Mts
                • Drew Spring Well
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mammoth District
          • Mammoth
            • Tucson Wash
    		R. O. Meyer collection.
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 250.
        • Mineral Mountain District
          • Superior area
            • Reymert Canyon
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 165, 188, 252.
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Bradshaw Mts (Bradshaw Range)
          • Castle Creek District
            • Castle Creek area
    		MRDS database Dep. ID #10026926, RDS ID #M001111.
      • Yuma Co.
        • Little Horn Mts
          • Sheep Tanks District
            • Kofa Game Range
              • Sheep Tanks Mine (Sheep Tank Mine; Resolution group)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 253.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 164.
    • California
      • Riverside Co.
        • Whitewater
    		David Singer: Highly oxidized rocks from the San Gorgonio Pass, California; Petrologic and thermodynamic calculations. (Senior honors thesis, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan; advisors: Eric Essene and Casey Donohue).
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Cady Mts
          • Afton
    		http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/FILES/DENDRITE/Index.htm
    • Colorado
      • Douglas Co.
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 13, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
      • Lake Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Saguache Co.
        • Crystal Hill District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
          • La Garita
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Rocks & Minerals (July-August, 2002)
    • Georgia
      • Bartow Co.
        • Cartersville District
    		Rocks & Min.: 64:185.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    MinMag 58:589
    • Michigan
      • Gogebic Co.
        • Gogebic iron range
          • Ironwood
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
      • Keweenaw Co.
        • Copper Harbor
    		Rocks & min.: 58:111.
    • Montana
      • Madison Co.
        • Cherry Creek District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Las Vegas District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Red Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Golconda District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Virgin Valley District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Washoe Co.
        • Pyramid District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada; Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology NBMG Open-File Report 96-3 By Stephen B. Castor, Christopher D. Henry, Lisa A. Shevenell
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
        • Groton
    		Rocks & Min. (Sept/Oct 1981)
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Ronald Gibbs, Microminerals from the Big Lue Mountains, 13th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium, November 14-15, 1992
      • Hidalgo Co.
        • Red Hill District
    		NMBMMR Bull 87 Mineral and Water Resources of New Mexico
      • Luna Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Socorro Co.
    		[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    USGS: Geological Survey Circular 553
        • Socorro Peak District
    		NMBMMR Bull 87 Mineral and Water Resources of New Mexico
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • North Carolina
      • Mecklenburg Co.
        • Charlotte
    		Jason B Smith
    • Tennessee
      • Johnson Co.
        • Shady Valley District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Texas
      • Jeff Davis Co.
        • Chispa
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
      • Swisher Co.
    		Am Min 72:1211-1224
    • Utah
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • East Tintic District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Amelia Co.
        • Winterham
    		[Virginia Minerals, Vol 46:2]
      • Craig Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
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