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Hörnesite

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Big Photo

Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal), Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District, Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge), Karlovy Vary Region, Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen), Czech Republic
© 2005 M. Kampf

Show Hörnesite Photos (29)



Formula:
Mg
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:White; colorless in ...
Hardness:1
Member of:Vivianite Group
Name:
Named by Wilhelm Haidinger in 1895 in honor of Moriz Hörnes, the elder [July 14, 1815 Wien, Österreich - November 4, 1868 Wien, Österreich), Curator of the Imperial Mineral Cabinet, Vienna, Austria.
Isostructural with:Vivianite Group


Vivianite Group.
Forms solid solution series mainly with annabergite and erythrite.

Classification of Hörnesite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/C.13-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.CE.40

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O about 1:2.5
Dana 8th edition ID:40.3.6.7

40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
3 : A3(XO4)2·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:20.2.4

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
2 : Arsenates of Be, Mg, Ca or Ba
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Type Occurrence of Hörnesite

Type Locality:Ciclova (Csiklova), Oraviţa-Ciclova Cu-Mo-(W) ore field, Banat Mts, Caras-Severin Co., Romania
Year of Discovery:1845
Geological Setting of type material:Oxidized copper-molybdenum deposit
Associated Minerals at type locality:
CalciteGarnet

Occurrences of Hörnesite

Geological Setting:Oxidized arsenic ore deposits.
On fractures in serpentine.
In marble xenoliths.
Post-mine efflorescence on tunnel walls or dump rocks.

Physical Properties of Hörnesite

Lustre:Sub-Vitreous, Silky, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Comment:Luster is pearly on cleavages.
Colour:White; colorless in transmitted light.
Streak:White to colorless
Hardness (Mohs):1
Tenacity:Flexible
Cleavage:Perfect
On {010}, perfect; on {100}, poor.
Density (measured):2.57 - 2.73 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.57 g/cm3
Comment:Density measured on artificial material = 2.609.

Crystallography of Hörnesite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/m {B1 1 2/m} {C2/m} {C1 2/m 1}
Space Group Setting:C2/m
Cell Parameters:a = 10.262Å, b = 13.442Å, c = 4.741Å
β = 104.9°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.763 : 1 : 0.353
Unit Cell Volume:V 631.99 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Crystals prismatic [001] and flattened {010}. Also occurs with a columnar structure; radial-foliated.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
6.692 (100)
3.217 (30)
3.005 (50)
2.779 (30)
2.734 (30)
2.712 (50)
1.692 (25)
Comments:Also ICDD 35-856 (synthetic)

Optical Data of Hörnesite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.563 nβ = 1.571 nγ = 1.596
2V:Measured: 60° , Calculated: 60°
Birefringence:0.033
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.033

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low
Dispersion:strong
Optical Extinction:X=b, Z^c = 31°
Pleochroism:Non-pleochroic

Chemical Properties of Hörnesite

Formula:
Mg
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
Essential elements:As, H, Mg, O
All elements listed in formula:As, H, Mg, O

Relationship of Hörnesite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Erythrite (see here)
Member of:Vivianite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Annabergite
Ni
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
Arupite
Ni
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
Barićite
(Mg,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
Erythrite
Co
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
Köttigite
Zn
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
Manganohörnesite
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
Parasymplesite
Fe
2+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
Vivianite
Fe
2+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.CE.05Chudobaite
(Mg,Zn)
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
8.CE.05Geigerite
Mn
2+
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
8.CE.10Newberyite
Mg(HPO
 
4
) · 3H
 
2
O
8.CE.15Brassite
Mg(HAsO
 
4
) · 4H
 
2
O
8.CE.20Phosphorrösslerite
Mg(HPO
 
4
) · 7H
 
2
O
8.CE.20Rösslerite
Mg(HAsO
 
4
) · 7H
 
2
O
8.CE.25Metaswitzerite
Mn
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.CE.25Switzerite
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 7H
 
2
O
8.CE.30Lindackerite
CuCu
 
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8-9H
 
2
O
8.CE.30Ondrušite
CaCu
 
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
8.CE.30Veselovskýite
ZnCu
 
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 9H
 
2
O
8.CE.30Pradetite
CoCu
 
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 9H
 
2
O
8.CE.30Klajite
MnCu
 
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 9-10H
 
2
O
8.CE.35Bobierrite
Mg
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.40Annabergite
Ni
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.40Arupite
Ni
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.40Barićite
(Mg,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.40Erythrite
Co
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.40Ferrisymplesite
Fe
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
 · 5H
 
2
O
8.CE.40Köttigite
Zn
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.40Manganohörnesite
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.40Parasymplesite
Fe
2+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.40Vivianite
Fe
2+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.40Pakhomovskyite
Co
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.45Symplesite
Fe
2+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.50Cattiite
Mg
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 22H
 
2
O
8.CE.55Koninckite
Fe
3+
 
PO
 
4
 · 3H
 
2
O
8.CE.60Kaňkite
FeAsO
 
4
 · 3.5H
 
2
O
8.CE.65Steigerite
Al(VO
 
4
) · 3H
 
2
O
8.CE.70Metaschoderite
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(VO
 
4
) · 6H
 
2
O
8.CE.70Schoderite
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(VO
 
4
) · 8H
 
2
O
8.CE.75Malhmoodite
FeZr(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.CE.75Zigrasite
MgZr(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.CE.75Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Zigrasite)
CaZr[PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.CE.80Santabarbaraite
Fe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
 · 5H
 
2
O
8.CE.85Metaköttigite
(Zn,Fe,Fe)
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8(H
 
2
O,OH)
8.CE.85Metavivianite
Fe
2+
3-x
Fe
3+
x
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)x · (8-x)H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
20.2.1Bearsite
Be
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH) · 4H
 
2
O
20.2.2Brassite
Mg(HAsO
 
4
) · 4H
 
2
O
20.2.3Rösslerite
Mg(HAsO
 
4
) · 7H
 
2
O
20.2.5Weilite
Ca(HAsO
 
4
)
20.2.6Johnbaumite
Ca
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
OH
20.2.7Haidingerite
CaHAsO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
20.2.8Pharmacolite
Ca(HAsO
 
4
) · 2H
 
2
O
20.2.9Sainfeldite
CaCa
 
2
Ca
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
20.2.10Vladimirite
Ca
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
20.2.11Guérinite
Ca
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 9H
 
2
O
20.2.12Ferrarisite
Ca
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 9H
 
2
O
20.2.13Rauenthalite
Ca
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
20.2.14Phaunouxite
Ca
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 11H
 
2
O
20.2.15Mcnearite
NaCa
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)(HAsO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
20.2.16Bergslagite
CaBeAsO
 
4
(OH)
20.2.17Adelite
CaMg(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.2.18Talmessite
Ca
 
2
Mg(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
20.2.19Irhtemite
Ca
 
4
Mg(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
20.2.20Camgasite
CaMg(AsO
 
4
)(OH) · 5H
 
2
O
20.2.21Picropharmacolite
Ca
 
4
Mg(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 11H
 
2
O
20.2.22Bariopharmacosiderite
Ba
 
0.5
Fe
3+
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O

Other Names for Hörnesite

Synonyms:
Hoernesite
Other Languages:
German:Hörnesit
Simplified Chinese:砷镁石
Spanish:Hörnesita

Other Information

Other Information:Soluble in acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Hörnesite

Reference List:

- +
Haidinger (1860) Jb. geol. Reichsanst. Wien: 11: 41 (as Hörnesit).

Haidinger (1860) Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Sitzber.: 40: 18 (as Hörnesit).

von Hauer (1860) Jb. Geol. Reichsanst. Wien: 11: 10.

de Schulten (1903) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 26: 81.

Zambonini (1919) Com. geol. ital., mem.: 7: 127.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 86.

Wolfe (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 806.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 755-756.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen (1980): 138: 98.

Internet Links for Hörnesite

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    • Localities for Hörnesite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hirt
          • Griesserhof (Gulitzen; Gullitzen)
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Karawanken
        • Finkenstein
          • Mallestiger Mittagskogel
    		G. Blass, G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 189./109.:207-209 (1999)
      • Kreuzeck group
        • Dellach im Drautal
          • Glatschach
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Salzburg
      • Saalfelden
        • Leogang
          • Hütten
            • Schwarzleograben
              • Schwarzleo District
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Poeverlein, R. (2008): Euchroit und seine Begleiter vom prähistorischen Bergbau, Leogang, Österreich. Lapis, 33 (5), 13-22.
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
              • Geyer - Silberberg District
                • Silberberg
    		Schnorrer, G. and Poeverlein, R. (2002) Schwaz-Brixlegg-Fundstellen: 2. Die Minerale des Stockerstollens bei Brixlegg in Tirol. Aufschluss, 53, 209-228.
    R. Poeverlein and J. Gröbner (2007): "Der Bergbau Geyer bei Rattenberg in Tirol und seine Mineralien", Lapis 32(2), 34-38.
    Schnorrer, G. & Poeverlein, R. (2005): Schwaz-Brixlegger-Fundstellen: 3. Die Minerale vom Bergbau Maukenötz bei Brixlegg, Tirol. Der Aufschluss, 56, 223-234.
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Doce valley
        • Galiléia
    		No reference listed
    China
     
    • Yunnan Province
      • Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture
        • Nanhua Co.
    		Xianxiao Xiong (1999): Geology of Chemical Minerals 21(2), 76-80
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Příbram
          • Březové Hory (Birkenberg)
            • Black pits deposit
    		No reference listed
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 755; Lapis 2002: (7/8): 63-65.
    Sehrig, M. & Dietel, J. (2011): Silber, Uran, Arsen und Heilquellen: Auf Mineraliensuche in Jáchymov, einem der ältesten Bergwerke der Welt. Lapis 36 (7-8), 67-71; 86.
        • Mariánské Lázně (Marienbad)
    		http://www.mineralos.cz/lokality/plana/plana.htm
          • Slavkovský Les Mts
    		M.E. Ciriotti, 2006, probed EDX+XRD by S. Möckel
      • Ústí Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Klášterec nad Ohří
    		No reference listed
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997
          • Neuenberg
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    Paul De Bondt
    Pierre et Terre 1982
        • Thur valley (Thann valley)
          • Kruth
    		Kolitsch: Aufschluss 2/1997; U. Kolitsch (1997): Neufunde von Mineralien aus einigen Vorkommen der Vogesen, Frankreich: Giromagny, Auxelles-Haut und Kruth 1. Aufschluss 48 (4), 243-256.
    • Corsica
      • Haute-Corse
        • Corte
          • Moïta
            • Matra
    		Van King
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Carcassonne
          • Mas-Cabardès
            • Salsigne
    		Pelison P., Descouens D. (1987), Présence de minéraux de néoformation dans les scories de l'ancienne usine de Villagnère (Aude), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 6-10
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Burgfelsen
    		American Mineralogist: 76: 2021.
            • Heubach Valley
    		No reference listed
        • Schiltach
          • Stammelbach valley
    		[Lapis 1992, 11, p.13-20]
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		U. Kolitsch, G. Blaß, H.-W. Graf und J. Gröbner (2004): Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald. Lapis 29 (2) 18-23; 50. (in German)
    • Hesse
      • Richelsdorf District
        • Süss
          • Richelsdorf Smelter
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz
        • Bad Harzburg
    		Schnorrer, G., (1993): Mineralogische Notitzen VI, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 44, 44-58
        • St Andreasberg District
          • Oder valley
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Niederberg area
        • Heiligenhaus
          • Flandersbach
    		Lapis 1988(1), 16-35
    Lapis 1988(1), 17-35
      • Sauerland
        • Meschede
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
          • Kohlenbach Valley
    		Henrich, M. (2009): Mineralien-Welt 20 (5), 14-27.
        • Müsen
    		Der Aufschluss 2000(2), 71-123
        • Wilnsdorf
    		Lapis, 12 (1), 11-18+42.
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Adenau
          • Antweiler
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Lahn valley
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
          • Frücht
    		Der Aufschluss Vol.55, March/April 2004
      • Siegerland
        • Niederfischbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz
        • Wernigerode
          • Hasserode
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Marienberg District
          • Lauta
    		Hajek, W. (2010): Kristallwelten Marienberg. Weise Verlag, München.
        • Schneeberg District
          • Neustädtel
    		Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
    		No reference listed
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
    		No reference listed
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Phlegrean Volcanic Complex
        • Salerno Province
          • Nocera
            • Lavorate
    		Carati, M., (????): I minerali degli inclusi metamorfosati nel tufo grigio campano, ???
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Ala Valley
              • Balme
    		Barresi A.A., Caiolo M., Ambrino P., Orlandi P., 2003. Mineralogia delle Valli di Lanzo (Piemonte). Hornesite, lollingite, boulangerite e bournonite in un filone idrotermale dell'alta Val d'Ala (TO). Il Cercapietre, 1-2.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Villaputzu
    		G. Ghisolfi collection
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Fluminimaggiore
    		• Stara, P. Rizzo, R., Tanca, G., Vinci A. (1994): Su Zurfuru. 1° parte. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1993, 215-236.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
          • Kawamata
    		Kato et al (1988) Bulletin of the National Science Museum, 14, 87-96.
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
          • Bou Azer District (Bou Azzer District)
            • Aghbar
    		Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
            • Bou Azer
    		Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
            • Ightem
    		Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany
    Portugal
     
    • Aveiro District
      • Albergaria-a-Velha
    		J. Marques de Sá & C. Leal Gomes. LES MINES DE CUIVRE ET NICKEL DE PALHAL ET TELHADELA, PORTUGAL. Le Reigne Mineral, nº92. 2010
    Republic of Macedonia
     
    • Roszdan
    		[Rieck, B. (1993) - Famous mineral localities: Allchar, Macedonia, Mineralogical Record, 24 (6), 437-449]
    Romania
     
    • Caras-Severin Co.
      • Banat Mts
        • Oraviţa-Ciclova Cu-Mo-(W) ore field
    		Verhandl.kaiserl.-königl.Reichsanst.Wien,(1859) 11, 41; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 755.
    • Hunedoara Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 755.
    Russia
     
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Adygea (Adygeya) Republic
    		Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2011)
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Córdoba
        • Villanueva de Córdoba
    		Schnorrer, G. (2000): Die Minerale der ehemaligen Grube Espuela de San Miguel bei Villanueva de Cordoba, Prov. Cordoba in Spanien. Der Aufschluss, 51, 211-222. (in German)
    • Aragón
      • Zaragoza
        • Alpartir
    		Calvo, M. (2008). Minerales de Aragón. Prames,Zaragoza. 463 pags.
    • Asturias
      • Salas
        • Carlés
    		JRGL collection
    • Valencian Community
      • Castellón
        • Pavías
    		Adrián Pesudo
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Nordmark (Nordmarksberg)
    		Kjell Gatedal
    No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Malcantone
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 216.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Ayer
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 216.
      • Binn Valley
        • Im Feld (Imfeld; Feld; Fäld)
    		Graeser, et al. (2008) Faszination Lengenbach. KristalloGrafik-Verl., Achberg
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Mohave Co.
        • Hualapai Indian Reservation
    		The Canadian Mineralogist; October 2007; v. 45; no. 5; p. 1177-1188
        • Peach Springs Canyon
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 253; Wenrich, K.J. & H.B. Sutphin (1988), Recognition of breccia pipes in northern Arizona, AZ Bur. Geol. Min. Tech. Fieldnotes: 18:1-5, 11.
    • California
      • Santa Cruz Co.
        • Santa Cruz
    		Mineralogical Record: 17:315
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Table Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Manhattan District
          • Manhattan
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • Washington
      • Skagit Co.
    		www.cannonmicroprobe.com/Mineral_Specimens.htm
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