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Humite

Big Photo

Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy
© Don Volkman 02/06

Show Humite Photos (30)
Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
[(F,OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
System:OrthorhombicColour:White, yellow, dark ...
Lustre:VitreousHardness:6
Name:After Sir Abraham Hume (1749-1838), English connoisseur and collector of gems, minerals and artwork.


Humite Group.

Classification of Humite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/B.04-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.AF.50

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:52.3.2c.1

52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.1.11

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
1 : Silicates with fluoride (not containing Al)
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Type Occurrence of Humite

Type Locality:Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy
Year of Discovery:1813

Physical Properties of Humite

Lustre:Vitreous
Colour:White, yellow, dark orange or brown.
Hardness (Mohs):6

Crystallography of Humite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:a = 10.24Å, b = 20.72Å, c = 4.73Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.494 : 1 : 0.228
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,003.58 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Humite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.607 - 1.643 nβ = 1.619 - 1.653 nγ = 1.639 - 1.675
2V:Measured: 68° to 81°, Calculated: 70° to 78°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.032

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:weak

Chemical Properties of Humite

Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
[(F,OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
Essential elements:F, Mg, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:F, Fe, H, Mg, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Al,Mn,Ca

Relationship of Humite to other Species

Related to:
  • Humite Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

    - +
    9.AF.05Sillimanite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.10Andalusite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.10Kanonaite
    Mn
    3+
     
    		Al[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.15Kyanite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.20Mullite
    Al
     
    8
    		[(O,OH,F)|(Si,Al)O
     
    4
    		]
     
    4
    9.AF.20Krieselite
    (Al,Ga)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|GeO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.23Boromullite
    Al
     
    9
    		Si
     
    2
    		BO
     
    19
    9.AF.25Yoderite
    Mg(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		[O|OH|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.AF.30Magnesiostaurolite
    (Mg,Li,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    1.5-2
    		Al
     
    9
    		[O
     
    6
    		|(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.30Staurolite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Zn)
     
    1.5-2
    		Al
     
    9
    		[O
     
    6
    		|(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.30Zincostaurolite
    (Zn,Li,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    <2
    		Al
     
    9
    		[O
     
    6
    		|(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.35Topaz
    Al
     
    2
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.40Norbergite
    Mg
     
    3
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.45Alleghanyite
    Mn
    2+
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.AF.45Chondrodite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.AF.45Reinhardbraunsite
    Ca
     
    5
    		[(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.AF.45IMA2008-045
    Ca
     
    5
    		(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		F
     
    2
    9.AF.50Manganhumite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    7
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.AF.55Clinohumite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    9
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.55Sonolite
    Mn
    2+
    9
    		[(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.55Hydroxylclinohumite
    Mg
     
    9
    		[(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.60Leucophoenicite
    Mn
    2+
    7
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.AF.65Ribbeite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.AF.70Jerrygibbsite
    Mn
    2+
    9
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.75Franciscanite
    Mn
    2+
    6
    		(V
    5+
     
    		,[])
     
    2
    		[(O,OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    9.AF.75Örebroite
    Mn
    2+
    3
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Sb
    5+
     
    		)[(O,OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.75Welinite
    Mn
    2+
    6
    		(W
    6+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    2
    		[(O,OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    9.AF.80Ellenbergerite
    Mg
     
    6
    		Al
     
    6
    		Ti[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(HSiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.85Chloritoid
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)Al
     
    2
    		[O|(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.85Magnesiochloritoid
    MgAl
     
    2
    		[O|(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.85Ottrélite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)Al
     
    2
    		[O|(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.90Poldervaartite
    CaCa[SiO
     
    3
    		OH](OH)
    9.AF.90Olmiite
    CaMn
    2+
     
    		[SiO
     
    3
    		(OH)](OH)
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

    - +
    17.1.1Hectorite
    Na
     
    0.3
    		(Mg,Li)
     
    3
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(F,OH)
     
    2
    17.1.3Agrellite
    NaCa
     
    2
    		[F|Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    17.1.4Apophyllite-(NaF)
    NaCa
     
    4
    		[F|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    20
    		] · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    17.1.5Apophyllite-(KF)
    KCa
     
    4
    		[(F,OH)|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    20
    		] · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    17.1.6Apophyllite-(KOH)
    KCa
     
    4
    		[(OH,F)|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    20
    		] · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    17.1.7Hsianghualite
    Ca
     
    3
    		Li
     
    2
    		Be
     
    3
    		[F
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    17.1.8Leucophanite
    NaCaBeSi
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		F
    17.1.9Norbergite
    Mg
     
    3
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    17.1.10Chondrodite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    17.1.12Clinohumite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    9
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    17.1.13Canasite
    K
     
    2
    		Na
     
    4
    		Ca
     
    5
    		(Si
     
    12
    		O
     
    30
    		(OH,F)
     
    4
    17.1.14Charoite
    (K,Na)
     
    5
    		(Ca,Ba,Sr)
     
    8
    		(Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    15
    		)
     
    2
    		(Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    16
    		)(OH,F)·H
     
    2
    		O
    17.1.15Cuspidine
    Ca
     
    4
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    17.1.16Bultfonteinite
    Ca
     
    2
    		[F|HSiO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    17.1.17Zeophyllite
    Ca
     
    4
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    		(OH,F)
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    17.1.18Rowlandite-(Y)
    (Y,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Ce)
     
    3
    		[O|(F,OH)|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    17.1.19Yuksporite
    (K,Ba)NaCa
     
    2
    		(Si,Ti)
     
    4
    		O
     
    11
    		(F,OH)·H
     
    2
    		O
    17.1.20Yftisite-(Y)
    (Y,Dy,Er)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Sn)O(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(F,OH)
     
    6
    17.1.21Mosandrite
    (Ca,Na,Ce)
     
    12
    		(Ti,Zr)
     
    2
    		[F
     
    4
    		|(OH)
     
    6
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    17.1.22Hiortdahlite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		(Zr,Ti)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    17.1.23Burpalite
    Na
     
    2
    		CaZr[F
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    17.1.24Seidozerite
    Na
     
    8
    		Zr
     
    3
    		Ti
     
    3
    		Mn
    2+
    2
    		[O|F|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    4
    17.1.25Thorosteenstrupine
    CaMnThSi
     
    4
    		O
     
    11
    		(OH)F·6H
     
    2
    		O
    17.1.26Zircophyllite
    (K,Na)
     
    3
    		(Mn,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    7
    		(Zr,Ti)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    24
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    7
    17.1.27Jinshajiangite
    BaKNaCaTi
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
    6
    		Mn
     
    2
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    4
    		O
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    8
    		F
     
    2
    17.1.28Rosenbuschite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		(Zr,Ti)[O|F|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    17.1.29Narsarsukite
    Na
     
    2
    		(Ti,Fe)Si
     
    4
    		(O,F)
     
    11
    17.1.30Sonolite
    Mn
    2+
    9
    		[(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]

    Other Names for Humite

    Synonyms:
    Umite
    Other Languages:
    German:Humit
    Umit
    Russian:Гумит
    Spanish:Humita
    Umita

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Humite

    Reference List:American Mineralogist: 56: 1155-1173.

    Internet Links for Humite

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    • External Links:
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  • Look for Humite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Humite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Humite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Humite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Humite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Zeehan district
        • Mt Heemskirk mineral field
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Koralpe Mts
        • Ettendorf
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Brazil
     
    • Northeast Region
      • Paraíba
        • Borborema mineral province
          • Catingueira
    		Souza Neto, J.A., Legrand, J.M., Volfinger, M., Pascal, M.-L., and Sonnet, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 185-205.
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Tongling Prefecture
        • Tongling Mining District
          • Shizishan ore field
    		Yuanming Pan and Ping Dong (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15, 177-242.
          • Tongguanshan ore field
    		- Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, and Chengsi Bi (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 14, 227-249.
          • Xinqiao ore field
    		Yuanming Pan and Ping Dong (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15, 177-242.
    • Hebei Province
      • Chengde Prefecture
        • Xinglong Co.
    		http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of03-220/DATABASE/lode_deposits.txt
    • Hubei Province
      • Huangshi Prefecture
        • Daye Co.
          • Edong Mining District
    		Yuanming Pan and Ping Dong (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15, 177-242.
    Jianwei Li, Xinfu Zhao, Meifu Zhou, Vasconcelos, P., Changqian Ma, Xiaodong Deng, de Souza, Z.S., Yongxin Zhao, and Gang Wu (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 315-336.
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Baotou League
        • Darhan Muminggan United Banner
          • Bayan Obo
            • Bayan Obo (Bayun-Obo; Baiyunebo) deposit
    		Zhang Peishan, Yang Zhuming, Tao Kejie, and Yang Xueming (1996): \"Mineralogy and Geology of Rare Earths in China\", Science Press (Beijing), 226 pp.
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Yudu Co.
    		Baogui Zhang (1996), In: Tu Guangzhi (Ed.): Geochemistry of strata-bound deposits in China. Science Press (Beijing), 240-253.
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Dalian Prefecture
        • Wafangdian Co.
    		Matsuda, K. (1969) Copper-bearing contact deposits of Hua-tung-kou, Fu Hsien, Feng-tien province, Manchuria (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, vol. 2, pp 414-422, Tokyo University Press).
      • Huludao Prefecture
        • Jianchang Co.
    		http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of03-220/DATABASE/lode_deposits.txt
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
        • Aure Valley
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Spessart Mts
          • Aschaffenburg
            • Gailbach
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Arnschwang
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		[Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23,58]
            • Ercolano
              • San Vito
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
            • Pollena - Trocchia area
    		Carati M., 1982. Guida alla mineralogia vesuviana. Guide Calderini, Bologna.
      • Phlegrean Volcanic Complex
        • Salerno Province
          • Sarno
            • Lavorate (Nocera)
    		Balassone, G., et al. (2002): Re-examination of fluosiderite an unknown mineral from southern Italy: equal to fluorite-rich Chondrodite, European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 14, 151-155
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Novate Mezzola
          • Codera Valley
    		D. Colzada - V. De Michele - località mineralogiche consigliate: S. Giorgio di Novate Mezola (SO) - Notizie del Gruppo Min. Lombardo - Milano - Vol 1 - (March, 1973) pagg. 10-11
    Madagascar
     
    Anthony,Bideaux,Bladhhttp://www.minsocam.org/msa/Handbook/Humite.PDF
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Anosy (Fort Dauphin) Region
        • Amboasary Department
          • Maromby Commune
            • Belafa area
    		Besaire,H. (1966): Gites mineraux de Madagascar. Ann.Geol.Mad. XXXIV
          • Tranomaro Commune
    		Besaire,H. (1966): Gites mineraux de Madagascar. Ann.Geol.Mad. XXXIV p 397
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic
          • Vitim Plateau
            • Biraya and Bya Rivers confluence area (Chara Basin)
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data).
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Ladoga Region
    		No reference listed
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    Spain
     
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Toledo
    		Laverov, N.P., Petrov, V.A., Poluektov, V.V., Nasimov, R.M., Hammer, J., Burmistrov, A.A., and Shchukin, S.I. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(5), 339-361.
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Falun
        • Svärdsjö
      • Hedemora
    		No reference listed
      • Leksand
    • Gästrikland
      • Sandviken
        • Årsunda
    • Östergötland
      • Finspång
        • Hällestad
    		No reference listed
    • Södermanland
      • Katrineholm
        • Sköldinge
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
      • Nyköping
    		No reference listed
    • Uppland
      • Norrtälje
        • Stabby ore field
    		No reference listed
        • Väddö
    		Wilke, H.-J. (1997): Die Mineralien und Fundstellen von Schweden. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 200 pp. (in German)
    No reference listed
      • Filipstad
    		Östra Värmlands Mineral Society,Långban,Sweden
        • Gåsgruvan ore field
    		Rocks & Min.: 63:145; Dana 6:535.
        • Långban
    		Kjell Gatedal
        • Nordmark
    • Västerbotten
      • Skellefteå
        • Burträsk
    		No reference listed
    • Västmanland
      • Lindesberg
    		Kjell Gatedal
      • Ljusnarsberg
        • Kopparberg
    		No reference listed
      • Nora
        • Timansberg
    		Kjell Gatedal
      • Norberg
        • Getback ore field
    		No reference listed
      • Sala
    		Kjell Gatedal
    Switzerland
     
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Riviera
        • Bellinzona
          • Gorduno
    		UHPM Workshop 2001 at Waseda University 3P07 (Page 206-207) http://www.earth.edu.waseda.ac.jp/uhpm/cdrom/abstracts/3p07/3p07.pdf
      • Verzasca Valley
    		UHPM Workshop 2001 at Waseda University 3P07 (Page 206-207) http://www.earth.edu.waseda.ac.jp/uhpm/cdrom/abstracts/3p07/3p07.pdf
    Tajikistan
     
    • Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan (Viloyati Badakhshoni Kuni)
      • Pamir Mts
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Skye
          • Broadford
            • Kilchrist
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Borough
        • Prince of Wales Island
    		Min Rec 35:5 pp383-404, 419-420
    • California
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
    		[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]
    • Colorado
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Bergen Park area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Maine
      • Oxford Co.
        • Norway
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1., p.188.
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
    		Dunn(1995):Pt3:347.
    Dunn(1995):Pt3:347.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Dunn(1995):Pt3:347.
    • New Mexico
      • Luna Co.
    		http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/staff/dunbar/abstract/dm99.html.
    • New York
      • Putnam Co.
        • Brewster
    		The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 94.
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
    • Utah
      • Tooele Co.
        • Deep Creek Mts
          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Vermont
      • Windham Co.
        • Saxton River
    		Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996)
    • Washington
      • Stevens Co.
        • Deer Trail District
          • Adams Mountain
    		Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; R. Derkey, N. Joseph, R. Lasmanis, 1990
    Vietnam
     
    • Yenbai (Yen Bai) Province
    		Garnier, V., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Dubessy, J., Banks, D., Vinh, H.Q., Lhomme, T., Maluski, H., Pêcher, A., Bakhsh, K.A., Long, P.V., Trinh, P.T., and Schwarz, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 169-191.
    Christian Bracke Collection.
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
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