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Hydromagnesite

Big Photo

Arensberg Mt., Zilsdorf, Hillesheim, Eifel Mts, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
© JDehove

Show Hydromagnesite Photos (33)
Formula:
Mg
 
5
[(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Colourless to white; ...
Hardness:3½
Name:In allusion to the composition, being a HYDRated MAGNESium carbonate.


A low-temperature hydrothermal mineral occurring in veinlets in serpentine and altered magnesium-rich igneous rocks; also as an alteration product of brucite in periclase marbles.

Classification of Hydromagnesite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/E.01-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:5.DA.05

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
A : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:16b.7.1.1

16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : Miscellaneous
Hey's CIM Ref.:11.3.7

11 : Carbonates
3 : Carbonates of Mg
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Type Occurrence of Hydromagnesite

Type Locality:Castle Point, Hoboken, Hudson Co., New Jersey, USA
Year of Discovery:1827
Associated Minerals at type locality:
DolomiteBruciteArtiniteAragonite

Occurrences of Hydromagnesite

Geological Setting:Low-temperature, hydrothermal environments in serpentine and altered magnesium-rich igneous rocks.

Physical Properties of Hydromagnesite

Lustre:Vitreous, Silky, Pearly, Earthy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Colourless to white; colourless in transmitted light
Hardness (Mohs):3½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
On {010}.
Parting:Possible parting on {100}.
Density (measured):2.236 g/cm3

Crystallography of Hydromagnesite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 10.11Å, b = 8.94Å, c = 8.38Å
β = 114.58°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.131 : 1 : 0.937
Unit Cell Volume:V 688.78 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals small, occurring as tufts, rosettes, or crusts of acicular or bladed crysta;s elongated [001] and flattened {100}. Massive, chalky.
Twinning:Twin plane {100} and composition face {100}. Twinning very common, polysynthetic.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Hydromagnesite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.523 nβ = 1.527 nγ = 1.545
2V:Measured: 30° to 90°, Calculated: 52°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.022

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low
Dispersion:none

Chemical Properties of Hydromagnesite

Formula:
Mg
 
5
[(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
Essential elements:C, H, Mg, O
All elements listed in formula:C, H, Mg, O

Relationship of Hydromagnesite to other Species

Common Associates:
PyroauriteOpalMagnesiteDolomiteDeweylite
CalciteBruciteArtiniteAragonite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
5.DA.05Dypingite
Mg
 
5
[OH|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
5.DA.05Giorgiosite
Mg
 
5
[(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.05Widgiemoolthalite
Ni
 
5
[(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
] · 5H
 
2
O
5.DA.10Artinite
Mg
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|CO
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
5.DA.10Indigirite
Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
[(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
] · 15H
 
2
O
5.DA.10Chlorartinite
[Mg
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(H
 
2
O)(OH)]Cl · H
 
2
O
5.DA.15Otwayite
Ni
 
2
CO
 
3
(OH)
 
2
·H
 
2
O
5.DA.15Zaratite
Ni
 
3
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
5.DA.20Kambaldaite
NaNi
 
4
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
·3H
 
2
O
5.DA.25Callaghanite
Cu
 
2
Mg
 
2
[(OH)
 
6
|CO
 
3
] · 2H
 
2
O
5.DA.30Claraite
(Cu,Zn)
 
3
[(OH)
 
4
|CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.35Hydroscarbroite
Al
 
14
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
36
·nH
 
2
O
5.DA.35Scarbroite
Al
 
5
(OH)
 
13
CO
 
3
·5H
 
2
O
5.DA.40Caresite
Fe
2+
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|CO
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
5.DA.40Quintinite
Mg
 
4
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
12
CO
 
3
H
 
2
O
5.DA.40Charmarite
Mn
2+
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|CO
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Barbertonite
Mg
 
6
(Cr,Al)
 
2
[(OH)
 
16
|CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Brugnatellite
Mg
 
6
Fe
3+
 
[(OH)
 
13
|CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Chlormagaluminite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|(Cl
 
2
,CO
 
3
)] · 2H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Manasseite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
16
|CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Sjögrenite
Mg
 
6
Fe
3+
2
[(OH)
 
16
|CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.45Zaccagnaite
Zn
 
4
Al
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
12
·3H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Comblainite
(Ni
 
x
,Co
 
1-x
)(OH)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
(1-x)/2
·nH
 
2
O
5.DA.50Desautelsite
Mg
 
6
Mn
3+
2
[(OH)
 
16
|CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Hydrotalcite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
16
|CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Pyroaurite
Mg
 
6
Fe
3+
2
[(OH)
 
16
|CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Reevesite
Ni
 
6
Fe
3+
2
[(OH)
 
16
|CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Stichtite
Mg
 
6
Cr
 
2
[(OH)
 
16
|CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.50Takovite
Ni
 
6
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
16
|CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
5.DA.55Coalingite
Mg
 
10
Fe
3+
2
[(OH)
 
24
|CO
 
3
] · 2H
 
2
O
5.DA.60Karchevskyite
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
11.3.1Magnesite
MgCO
 
3
11.3.2Barringtonite
MgCO
 
3
·2H
 
2
O
11.3.3Nesquehonite
MgCO
 
3
·3H
 
2
O
11.3.4Lansfordite
MgCO
 
3
·5H
 
2
O
11.3.5Pokrovskite
Mg
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|CO
 
3
]
11.3.6Artinite
Mg
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|CO
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
11.3.8Giorgiosite
Mg
 
5
[(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
11.3.9Dypingite
Mg
 
5
[OH|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
11.3.10Eitelite
Na
 
2
Mg(CO
 
3
)
 
2
11.3.11Mcguinnessite
(Mg,Cu)
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|CO
 
3
]

Other Names for Hydromagnesite

Synonyms:
Hydrocarbonate of MagnesiaHydromagnesite (of Wachmeister)HydromagnocalciteIdromagnesitePencatite
Predazzite
German names:
HydromagnesitIdromagnesitLancasterit
Japanese names:
ハイドロマグネサイト
Russian names:
Гидромагнезит
Spanish names:
HydromagnesitaIdromagnesitaLancasterita
Varieties:
Leesbergite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:None.

References for Hydromagnesite

Reference List:Wachmeister (1827) Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm, Handlingar: 18.

von Kobell (1835) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 4: 80.

Silliman (1850) American Journal of Science: 9: 216 (as Lancasterite).

Weinschenk (1897) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 27: 570.

Brugnatelli (1899) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 31: 54.

Kramm (1910) Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society: 49: 344.

Wells (1910) American Journal of Science: 30: 189.

Zambonini, Ferruccio (1910) Mineralogia Vesuviana. 368 pp., Naples: 95.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 89.

Rogers (1923) American Journal of Science: 6: 37.

Hintze, Carl (1926) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3A]: 3522.

Fenoglio, M. (1927) Boll. Soc. geol. Ital.: 46: 13.

Levi and Ghiron (1932) Gazzetta chimica italiana, Rome: 62: 218.

Callaghan (1933) University of Nevada Bull. 27: 7.

Fenoglio M. (1936) Ricerche sull'idromagnesite. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma 257-284.

Meixner (1937) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 363.

Kisselev (1938) Ann. Inst. Mines Leningrad: 11: 59 [Min. Abs. (1946): 9: 267].

Meixner (1938) Zentralblatt Mineralien: 8.

Cummings (1940) Bulletin of the British Columbia Department of Mines, No. 4.

Caillère (1943) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 66: 55.

Murdoch, Joseph (1951), Unit cell of hydromagnesite: (abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 62: 1465.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 271-274.

Murdoch, Joseph (1954), The unit cell of hydromagnesite: (abstract): American Mineralogist: 37: 296-297; …American Mineralogist: 39: 24-29 (1954).

Mineralogical Record (1973): 4: 18-20.

Acta Crystallographica: B33: 1273-1275.

Internet Links for Hydromagnesite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Hydromagnesite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Hydromagnesite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Hydromagnesite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Princess Elizabeth Land
        • Ingrid Christensen Coast
    		Gore, D.B., Nichols, G.T., Lehmann, C.E.R., Burgess, J.S., Baird, A.S.&, Creagh, D.C. (2000) An atlas of surficial salts of the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica: composition, distribution and origin ANARE Report 143. 146 pp
    Australia
     
    • Australian Capital Territory
      • Brindabella Mts
        • Cotter
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. IV
    • Tasmania
      • Huon district
        • Weld river
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
      • Trial Harbour district
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Victoria
      • Bundoora
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hirt
          • Griesserhof (Gulitzen; Gullitzen)
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Gurktaler Alpen Mts
        • St Veit an der Glan
          • Launsdorf
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Stubach valley
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Salzburg
        • Untersberg massif
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Fischbacher Alpen Mts
        • St. Jakob-Breitenau
    		Bojar, H.-P. & Postl, W. (2005)
      • Leoben
        • Kraubath
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
          • St Stefan
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Virgen valley
          • Prägraten
            • Dorferbach valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
    		Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994); Schnorrer, G. & Poeverlein, R. (2008): Schwaz-Brixlegger Fundstellen. 6. Die Minerale des Gratlspitz bei Brixlegg in Tirol. Aufschluss 59, 7-28.
    Belgium
     
    • Liège Province
      • Verviers
        • Plombières-Vieille Montagne District
          • Plombières (Bleyberg)
    		van Tassel, R., (1979): Minéraux artificiels ou de néoformation à Plombières et Sclaigneaux, Belgique, Bulletin de la Societe Belge de Géologie, 88 (4), 273-279
    • Namur Province
      • Andenne
    		No reference listed
    Bolivia
     
    • Cochabamba Department
      • Chapare Province
    		Wet chemistry analysis by Dr. Fritz Berndt
    Brazil
     
    • Northeast Region
      • Bahia
        • Poções
    		The Mineralogical Record v 8.5 pg 383
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Atlin Mining Division
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 230, 273.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273.
    • Ontario
      • Hastings Co.
        • Bancroft District
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
          • Dungannon Township
    		Ref: Sabina (1986) Geol. Survey of Canada, Misc. Report 39, 11-14.
      • Nipissing District
        • Mattawan Township
          • Mattawan
    		Geological Survey Of Canada Paper 70-50.
    • Québec
      • Mégantic Co.
        • Coleraine Township
    		SABINA, A.P. (1967) Geological Survey of canada Paper, 66-51, 170p
      • Stanstead Co.
        • Wakefield
    		Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 41
    • Yukon Territory
      • Dawson Mining District
    		MinRec 23:4-47
    No reference listed
    China
     
    • Qinghai (Chinghai) Province
      • Hainan Autonomous Prefecture
    		Sun Da-peng, Li Bing-xiao, Ma Yua-hua, and Lin Qun-zhu (2002): Journal of Salt Lake Research 10(4), 1-12.
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Bayin'gholin (Bayingolin; Bayinguoleng) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Ruoqiang (Qakilik; Chaqiliq) Co.
    		Xiao Huiliang, Zhou Jiyuan, Wang Henian, Cui Bingfang, and Chen Shizhong (2003): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 22(3), 280-288.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
    		 Petr Paulis (2001): Die interessanten mineralogische Fundstellen in Mahren und Schlesien; Kuttna, Kutná Hora p69-73
      • South Moravia Region
        • Oslavany
          • Biskoupky
    		KOVÁŘ O., LOSOS Z., (2005): Artinit z hadcového lomu u Biskoupek u Oslavan, západní Morava – nový minerál pro Českou republiku. – Bull. mineral.-petrolog. Odd. Nár. Muz., 13, 137-139, Praha.
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Kaiserstuhl
        • Sasbach
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273.
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Maroldsweisach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Stolberg
    International Association of Collectors of Slag
      • Sauerland
        • Arnsberg
          • Hüsten
    		D. Pawlowski: "Mineralfundstellen im Sauerland", Weise (Munich), 1991
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Hillesheim
          • Zilsdorf
    		Beyer, H., Eine Magnesium-Mineralparagenese als Folge primärer biologischer Stoffanlage und sekundärem vulkanischen Erhitzungsprozeß am Arensberg / Eifel, Der Aufschluß SB 30, 1980
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
    		[Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Neue Mineralienfunde aus der Eifel und dem Siegerland, Mineralien-Welt 10/3, 23, 1999] [A. Wittern: Mineralfundorte in Deutschland, Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001]
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
            • Lavrion Mines
    		No reference listed
          • Sounion area
            • Sounion Mines
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999); J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2002): Neufunde von Laurion aus den Jahren 2001 und 2002. Aufschluss 53 (5-6), 363-371.
    Hungary
     
    • Pest Co.
      • Budai Mts.
        • Budapest
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    Iran
     
    • Kerman Province
      • Baft District
    		No reference listed
    Israel
     
    Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Cogne Valley
        • Cogne
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273; Del Caldo A.,Moro C.,Gramaccioli C.M.,Boscardin M.-Guida ai Minerali-Fratelli Fabbri Editori (1973)
    C.M. Gramaccioli (1975)-Minerali alpini e Prealpini-Edizioni Atlas Bergamo
    C.M. Gramaccioli (1975)-Minerali alpini e Prealpini-Edizioni Atlas Bergamo
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
          • Monte Somma
            • Ercolano
              • San Vito
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
            • Pollena - Trocchia area
    		Carati M., 1982. Guida alla mineralogia vesuviana. Guide Calderini, Bologna.
          • Mt. Vesuvius
            • Terzigno
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
      • Salerno Province
        • Sarno
          • Lavorate
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273, 755.
    • Latium
      • Rome Province
    		Caponera, I., Fiori, S., Pucci, R., & Signoretti, E. (2007). I minerali dei Colli Albani. Un aggiornamento sugli ultimi dieci anni di ricerche. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (2), 74-91.
    De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol
    Onorato E. - Idromagnesite di Ariccia (Parco Chigi, Lazio). Periodico di Miner. vol I, 1930 pp. 223-224.
        • Tivoli
    		No reference listed
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Borzoli
    		Giuseppe Pipino - L'antica miniera di Monte Ramazzo e i suoi minerali - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, vol. 8, fasc. 3, 1977
    Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia.
      • La Spezia Province
        • Carro
    		M. Boscardin - Informazioni di mineralogia italiana - Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 7, March 1970, p. 5 - (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
    Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia
    M. Boscardin - Informazioni di mineralogia italiana - Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 7, March 1970, p. 5 - (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
    Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia
    • Lombardy
      • Bergamo Province
        • Rossa Valley
    		Del Caldo, A., Moro, C., Gramaccioli, C.M., Boscardin, M. (1973): Guida ai Minerali, Fratelli Fabbri, Ed., Milano, 208 pp.
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Varaita Valley
          • Sampeyre
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Torino Province
        • Ala Valley
          • Balme
    		Maletto G.,Meda F.,Pelizzone G.-I minerali della Val d'Ala -Ellezeta (1976)
        • Canavese District
          • Léssolo
            • Cálea
    		http://www.webmineralshop.com/articoli/brosso_eng.htm
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273.
              • Viù
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Teulada
    		Conti L, Cozupoli D., Lombardi G, Traversa g. 1970 - Segnalazione di Sjögrenite nelle contattiti presso Teulada (Sardegna meridionale) Per. Min. Roma, vol. 39 A, (special volume), pp. 119-127
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Ala
          • Pilcante
    		"Guida mineralogica d'Italia - I vol." V. De Michele, M. Boscardin, G. Scaini pp. 192-194. Ist. Geografico De Agostini Novara - 1975
        • Fassa Valley
          • Monzoni Mts
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
        • Fiemme Valley
          • Predazzo
            • Canzoccoli
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
            • Latemar Group
    		Giulia Zanoni (1980) - Minerali del Gruppo del Latemar (Trento) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, n. 3, 1980
    Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Stazzema
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (1), 1-22.
    http://forum.fmal.com/viewtopic.php?t=116
      • Pisa Province
        • Castelnuovo Val di Cecina
    		Brizzi, G., Meli, R., 1989. L'antica miniera di Montecastelli e i minerali delle rocce circostanti. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 13 (3): 163-178.
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza Province
        • Astico Valley
          • Cogollo del Cengio
    		M. Boscardin: Località mineralogiche consigliate: Le cave della val d'Astico - Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 10, Dec 1970, p. 7 - (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
    M. Boscardin: Località mineralogiche consigliate: Le cave della val d'Astico - Notizie del Guppo Min. Lombardo - 10, Dec 1970, p. 7 - (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
        • Monte di Malo
          • Vanzi
    		Pizzolaro M., De Grandis A. (1989) - Ritrovamenti mineralogici nella cava di Monte Malo (VI) Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, Fasc. 1, pp.66-68
    Lapis, 15 (12), 27-32+50.
        • Tretto di Schio
          • Val Munari
            • Contrade Maglio-Pornaro
    		Ref. Boscardin M. (1988) - I minerali di un nuovo giacimento di contatto presso Schio (VI) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, fasc. 2, pp.73-78
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Aichi prefecture
          • Shinshiro city
      • Kanto region
        • Chiba prefecture
          • Awa-gun
            • Kyonan-cho
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
    • Kyushu Island
      • Fukuoka Prefecture
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
          • Bou Azzer District
            • Agoudal
    		Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Modum
        • Snarum
    		Raade (1970, pers. com.); Neumann (1985, p. 102).
    • Sør-Trøndelag
      • Oppdal
        • Vinstradalen
    		Witsø, T. (2005): Mineraler i Vinstradalen, Oppdal. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 30: 72-73
      • Røros
        • Feragen
    		Raade (1973, pers. com.); Neumann (1985, p. 102).
    Romania
     
    CanMin 40:1693-1703.
      • Nucet
    		Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 1693.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Irkutsk
    		[MinRec 32:500]
          • Lake Baikal area
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
        • Tolbachik volcano
          • Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption
    Serbia
     
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Hnúšťa
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
        • Jelšava
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Jaklovce
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
        • Ochtiná
    		Cílek V., Bosák P., Melka K., Žák K., Langrolvá A., Osborne A.,1998: Mineralogické výskumy v Ochtinské aragonitové jeskyni. Aragonit, 3,7 - 12
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Nelspruit District
    		Martini, J.E.J. et al (1997), "Mbobo Mkulu Cave, South Africa", in "Cave Minerals of the World" (1997)
    Spain
     
    • Asturias
      • Salas
        • Carlés
    		JRGL collection
    Sweden
     
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Hjulsjö
    		Kjell Gatedal
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Saint-Luc
    		Dreier, F. (2000): Die Mine des Moulins im Val d'Anniviers (VS), Schweiz. Lapis 25 (7-8), 67-73; 86. (in German)
    Turkey
     
    • Central Anatolia Region
      • Yozgat Province
    		http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/T%FCrkei/Eskisehir/Kirka/Sarikaya
    • Eastern Anatolia Region
      • Erzurum Province
        • Kop Daglari
    		Mineralogical Record, 9(5), 277-287
    Turkmenistan
     
    • Lebap Province
      • South Tien-Shan Mts
        • Kugitangtau Ridge
    		http://fadr.msu.ru/caves/malmin_e.html
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • North Pennines
            • Alston Moor District
              • Nenthead
    		GREEN, D.I., McCALLUM, D. and WOOD, M. (2000) Famous mineral localities: The Brownley Hill Mine, Alston Moor District, Cumbria, England. Mineralogical Record, 31, 231-250.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Coconino Co.
        • Grand Canyon National Park
          • Grand Canyon
            • Nautiloid Canyon
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 255.
    • California
      • Alameda Co.
    		[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
      • Colusa Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273.
    Pelletier, 1962. Mineral Species & Localities of Marin County
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
          • Crestmore quarries
            • Chino Hill
    		Woodford, A.O., Crippen, R.A., and Garner, K.B. (1941) Section Across Commercial Quarry, Crestmore, California. American Mineralogist: 26: 352-381.
            • Sky Blue Hill
    		AmMin 26:352-381
    Woodford, A.O., Crippen, R.A., and Garner, K.B. (1941) Section Across Commercial Quarry, Crestmore, California. American Mineralogist: 26: 352-381.
        • Fontana
    		MinRec 15:273-290; Rocks & Min.: 18:80.
      • San Benito Co.
        • New Idria District
          • Clear Creek area
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    Mineralogical Record: 36(4): 337-363.
        • Sampson Peak
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273.
    San Diego Natural History Museum
      • San Francisco Co.
        • San Francisco
    		rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/hydromagnesite.pdf
      • Santa Clara Co.
        • Del Puerte Creek area
    [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
      • Stanislaus Co.
        • Patterson
    		No reference listed
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Georgetown District
          • Illinois Mine
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • El Paso Co.
        • Manitou District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Clear Creek Canyon
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Indiana
      • Crawford Co.
    • Maryland
      • Baltimore Co.
        • Blue Mount
    		Rocks & Min.:12:247.
      • Cecil Co.
        • State Line District
    		Mineralogical Record Vol 12 #3 May/June 1981 pp149-156
      • Montgomery Co.
        • Rockville
    		minerals of washington d.c. area; L.R. Bernstein
    • Michigan
      • Ontonagon Co.
        • White Pine
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Chalk Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Bristol and Jackrabbit Districts
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Fitting District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264, 273.
      • Nye Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Gabbs District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Hudson Co.
        • Hoboken
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 190, 273; NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt(1900):186; Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index".
    NSS Bulletin 56:27-24 (1994)
      • Doña Ana Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Eddy Co.
        • Carlsbad
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. Rev. Ed., 1996
      • Grant Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    • New York
    		The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 84.
        • Staten Island Borough
    		No reference listed
    George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.; George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.
    George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.; George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.
    Collected by Steve Okulewicz
      • Putnam Co.
        • Brewster
    		Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, 42-43
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
    • Pennsylvania
      • Chester Co.
        • Westtown Township
          • West Chester
    		Mineral collecting in Pennsylvania, 1965 - Lapham & Geyer, pg. 130
      • Lancaster Co.
        • Fulton Township
    		Lapham & Geyer, 1965. Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania
    Personally Collected 4/12/2008, Mark J. Sigouin, Pennsylvania Licenced Professional Geologist
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273; The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania, 1875-1922; Samuel G. Gordon, Pg. 204.
        • Little Britain Township
          • Texas
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273; Mineralogy of Pennsylvania, S. Gordon pg. 69 (ref. Smith and Brush, 1853, 214)
      • Northampton Co.
        • Easton
          • Chestnut Hill
    		Rocks & Min.: 17:344.
    • Rhode Island
      • Providence Co.
        • Lincoln
          • Lime Rock
    		Michael W. Kieron collection
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Jewel Cave National Monument
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills" & Matrix 10:2 pp 81-90
    • Tennessee
      • Sevier Co.
        • Great Smoky Mts
    		Coskren, T. D. & Lauf, R. J. (2000): The Minerals of Alum Cave Bluff, Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee. Mineralogical Record, 31, 163-175.
    • Utah
      • Salt Lake Co.
        • Wasatch Mts
          • Big Cottonwood District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Bath Co.
    		NSS Bulletin 44:90-97 (1982)
      • Lee Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Wythe Co.
        • Wytheville
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Washington
      • Ferry Co.
        • Danville District
          • Danville
    		Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975
    www.dnr.wa.gov/geology/okanogan.htm.
        • Nighthawk District
          • Nighthawk
    		Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part I, Nonmetalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
    • Wisconsin
      • Crawford Co.
        • Prairie du Chien
      • Oneida Co.
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Tashkent (Toshkent) Viloyati
    		Golovanov, I. M.: O nachodke chantita v mestorožděnii Kurgašinkan (UzSSR). Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1959, tom. 124, no. 2, s. 398 - 401.
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Midlands
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 273.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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