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Hydroniumjarosite

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Big Photo

Outalpa Mine (Carson's Claim; Golden Dewdrop Mine), Outalpa Station, Olary Province, South Australia, Australia
© Arliguie M

Show Hydroniumjarosite Photos (4)



Formula:
(H
 
3
O)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
System:TrigonalColour:Amber-yellow to dark ...
Lustre:Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, ResinousHardness:4 - 4½
Member of:Jarosite Subgroup
Name:In allusion to its composition with the dominant HYDRONIUM (H3O+) cation and its relationship to JAROSITE.


Alunite Group, Jarosite subgroup.

Typically ocherous, amber to dark brown granular masses or crystalline to earthy crusts.

Identification of this mineral requires quantitative infra-red spectroscopy (IR) in order to confirm the dominance of hydronium ions. A combination of XRD and EDS techniques is not sufficient (Anatoly Kasatkin, pers. commun.; see: http://www.mindat.org/mesg-7-208364.html).

Classification of Hydroniumjarosite

IMA status:Approved
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.BC.10

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 7th edition ID:30.2.5.3
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.10.19

25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
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Type Occurrence of Hydroniumjarosite

Co-type Localities:Thorez mine, Wałbrzych District, Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie), Poland
Staszic Mine, Rudki, Nowa Słupia District, Świętokrzyskie Mts (Holy Cross Mts), Świętokrzyskie, Poland

Occurrences of Hydroniumjarosite

Geological Setting:In the oxidized zones of sulfide deposits as a secondary mineral.

Physical Properties of Hydroniumjarosite

Lustre:Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Resinous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Comment:Glistening.
Colour:Amber-yellow to dark brown.
Streak:Pale yellow
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 4½
Hardness Data:Measured
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Distinct on {0001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):2.9 - 3.26 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.01 g/cm3

Crystallography of Hydroniumjarosite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:R3m {R3 2/m}
Cell Parameters:a = 7.17Å, c = 16.6Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.315
Unit Cell Volume:V 739.06 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:3
Morphology:Tiny crystals, usually pseudo-cubic {01-13}, or tabular {0001}. Typically granular masses, crusts or coatings; may also be fibrous, nodular, concretionary, pulverent or earthy.
Twinning:None reported.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
5.93(20)
5.08(60)
3.66(20)
3.12(70)
3.08(100)
2.27(20)
1.981(30)
1.831(30)

Optical Data of Hydroniumjarosite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 1.820 nε = 1.820
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:Dichroic:
O = Deep yellow
E = Light yellow

Chemical Properties of Hydroniumjarosite

Formula:
(H
 
3
O)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Essential elements:Fe, H, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, O, S

Relationship of Hydroniumjarosite to other Species

Member of:Jarosite Subgroup
Other Members of Group:

- +
Ammoniojarosite
(NH
 
4
)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Argentojarosite
AgFe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Jarosite
KFe
3+
 
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Natrojarosite
NaFe
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Plumbojarosite
Pb
 
0.5
Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.BC.05D'Ansite
Na
 
21
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
10
Cl
 
3
7.BC.10Alunite
KAl
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Ammonioalunite
(NH
 
4
)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Ammoniojarosite
(NH
 
4
)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Argentojarosite
AgFe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Beaverite-(Cu)
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Dorallcharite
(Tl,K)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Huangite
Ca
 
0.5
Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Jarosite
KFe
3+
 
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Minamiite
(Na,Ca
 
0.5
,K)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Natroalunite
(Na,K)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Natrojarosite
NaFe
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Osarizawaite
Pb(Al,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Plumbojarosite
Pb
 
0.5
Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Schlossmacherite
(H
 
3
O,Ca)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
,AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Walthierite
Ba
 
0.5
Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Beaverite-(Zn)
Pb(Fe
3+
2
Zn)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.15Ye'elimite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
6
(SO
 
4
)O
 
12
7.BC.20Atlasovite
K(BiO)Cu
 
6
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
O
 
3
Cl
7.BC.20Nabokoite
KCu
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
(Te
4+
 
O
 
3
)OCl
7.BC.25Chlorothionite
K
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)Cl
 
2
7.BC.30Euchlorine
KNaCu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
O
7.BC.30Fedotovite
K
 
2
Cu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
O
7.BC.35Kamchatkite
KCu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
OCl
7.BC.40Piypite
K
 
2
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
7.BC.45Klyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)(SO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
2
7.BC.45Alumoklyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)(SO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
2
7.BC.50Caledonite
Pb
 
5
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
6
7.BC.55Wherryite
Pb
 
7
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
7.BC.60Mammothite
Pb
 
6
Cu
 
4
AlSb(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
18
Cl
 
4
7.BC.65Linarite
PbCu(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
7.BC.65Schmiederite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
(Se
6+
 
O
 
4
)(Se
4+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)
 
4
7.BC.65Munakataite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
(Se
4+
 
O
 
3
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
7.BC.70Chenite
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.75Krivovichevite
Pb
 
3
Al(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
7
7.BC.80Anhydrokainite
KMg(SO
 
4
)Cl
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.10.1Szomolnokite
FeSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
25.10.2Rozenite
FeSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.10.3Siderotil
FeSO
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
25.10.4Ferrohexahydrite
FeSO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.10.5Melanterite
FeSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
25.10.6Rhomboclase
(H
 
5
O
 
2
)Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
25.10.7Lausenite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·6H
 
2
O
25.10.8Kornelite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 7H
 
2
O
25.10.9Coquimbite
Fe
 
2-x
Al
 
x
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O, x ~0.5
25.10.10Paracoquimbite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O
25.10.11Quenstedtite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 10H
 
2
O
25.10.12Ferricopiapite
Fe
 
5
(SO
 
4
)
 
6
O(OH) · 20H
 
2
O
25.10.13Metahohmannite
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O · 4H
 
2
O
25.10.14Hohmannite
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O · 8H
 
2
O
25.10.15Butlerite
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
25.10.16Parabutlerite
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
25.10.17Amarantite
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O · 7H
 
2
O
25.10.18Fibroferrite
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)(OH) · 5H
 
2
O
25.10.20Römerite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 14H
 
2
O
25.10.21Bílinite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
25.10.22Copiapite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
2
 · 20H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
30.2.5.1Jarosite
KFe
3+
 
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
30.2.5.5Argentojarosite
AgFe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
30.2.5.6Plumbojarosite
Pb
 
0.5
Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6

Other Names for Hydroniumjarosite

Synonyms:
BorgstroemiteCarphosideriteHydroniumjarositKarphosideritePlanoferrite
Utahite (of Damour)
Other Languages:
Finnish:Borgströmite
German:Carphosiderit
Hydronium-Jarosit
Karphosiderit
Russian:Гидрониоярозит
Spanish:Carphosiderita
Karphosiderita

Other Information

Other Information:Insoluble in water. Soluble in HCl.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:None.

References for Hydroniumjarosite

Reference List:

- +
Breithaupt (1827) Journal für Chemie und Physik, Nuremberg: 50: 314 (as Karphosiderite).

Pisani (1864) Comptes rendu de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 58: 242.

Reinsch (1882) Proceedings of the Royal Society, London: 33: 119 (as Cyprusite).

Arzruni (1884) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 7: 126 (on Utahite).

Damour (1884) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 7: 128 (as Utahite (of Damour)).

Deby (1884) Journal of the Royal Mic. Society: [2]: 4: 1: 186.

Bøggild, O.B. (1905) Mineralogia groenlandien, 625pp.. Kjøbenhavn (Meddelelser om Grønland, XXXII): 186.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 65 (on Cyprusite).

Saxén (1921) Medd. Geol. Fören., Helsingfors: 20 (as Borgströmite).

Posnjak and Merwin (1922) Journal of the American Chemical Society: 44: 1977 (artif. mat.).

Saxén (1923) Comm. géol. Finlande, Bull.: 65: 50 (as Borgströmite).

Hendricks (1937) American Mineralogist: 22: 773 (artif. mat.).

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 566 (as Carphosiderite).

American Mineralogist (1965): 50: 1595-1607.

Mumme, W. and Scott, T. (1966): The relationships between basic ferric sulfate and plumbojarosite. Am. Mineral. 51, 443-453.

Canadian Mineralogist (1976): 14: 156.

Gaines, Richard V., H. Catherine, W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, Abraham Rosenzweig (1997), Dana's New Mineralogy : The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana: 634.

Drouet, C. and Navrotsky, A. (2003) Synthesis, characterization, and thermochemistry of K-Na-H3O jarosites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 67: 2063-2076.

Basciano,L.C. & Peterson, R.C. (2007): The crystal structure of ammoniojarosite, (NH4)Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6 and the crystal chemistry of the ammoniojarosite–hydronium jarosite solid-solution series. Mineralogical Magazine, 71, 427-441.

I. E. Grey, N. V. Y. Scarlett, P. Bordet, and H. E. A. Brand (2011): Jarosite–butlerite intergrowths in non-stoichiometric jarosites: crystal chemistry of monoclinic natrojarosite–hydroniumjarosite phases. Mineral. Mag. 75, 2775-2791.

Internet Links for Hydroniumjarosite

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    • Localities for Hydroniumjarosite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Queen Maud Land (Dronning Maud Land)
        • Lützow-Holm Bay
          • East Ongul Island
    		Watanuki/ Torii/ Nishiyama/ Morikawa, 1979
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Olary Province
    		Ron Gyllenhammer Collection, E. Schlichter label
        • Outalpa Station
    		SA Govt. Recon. Map(1954).
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Saualpe
        • Lading
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Cyprus
     
    • Paphos District (Pafos District)
      • Polis
        • Kinousa (Kynussa)
    		- Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 566.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
    		 Petr Paulis (2001): Die interessanten mineralogische Fundstellen in Mahren und Schlesien; Kuttna, Kutná Hora p69-73
    Finland
     
    • Eastern Finland Region
      • Joensuu
        • Eno
    		http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM50/AM50_1595.pdf Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 566-567.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Thur valley (Thann valley)
          • Kruth
    		Kolitsch: Aufschluss 2/1997; U. Kolitsch (1997): Neufunde von Mineralien aus einigen Vorkommen der Vogesen, Frankreich: Giromagny, Auxelles-Haut und Kruth 1. Aufschluss 48 (4), 243-256.
    Germany
     
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Bergisches Land
        • Overath
          • Bensberg
            • Altenbrück
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Sauerland
        • Arnsberg
          • Uentrop
    		Lapis, 14 (6), 11-32+50.
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Henrich, M. (2008): Neues von der Grube Eisenzecher Zug. Mineralien-Welt 19 (5), 16-25.
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Freiberg District
          • Freiberg
            • Himmelfahrt Mine
    		XRD and EDX analysis T. Witzke
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		LAPIS 24 (7/8) 1999; Wendel, W. and Markl, G. (1999) Lavrion: Mineralogische Klassiker und Raritäten für Sammler. LAPIS 24 (7/8):34-52
            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
    		No reference listed
              • Hilarion area
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
          • Chaos area
    		No reference listed
          • Soureza area
    		No reference listed
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Langø
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 566.
    Hungary
     
    • Komárom-Esztergom Co.
      • Gerecse Mts.
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Kerry
    		Moreton et al. (1995) Irish J. Earth Sciences, 14, 1-5..
      • Killarney
    		Moreton et al. (1998/9) Irish J. Earth Sciences, 17, 19-24.
    Morocco
     
    • Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz Region
      • Marrakech Prefecture
        • Marrakech
    		Rachid Hakkou, Mostafa Benzaazoua and Bruno Bussière (2008): Acid Mine Drainage at the Abandoned Kettara Mine (Morocco): 1. Environmental Characterization. Mine Water and the Environment, 27, 145-159.
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Wałbrzych District
    		Bull.acad.polonaise, geol.geogr. 8,95-99(1960)
    Ł. Kruszewski collection
    • Małopolskie
      • Western Tatra Mts
    		Canadian Mineralogist (1963): 7: 751.
    • Świętokrzyskie
      • Świętokrzyskie Mts (Holy Cross Mts)
        • Nowa Słupia District
          • Rudki
    		Bull.Acad.polonaise, geol.geogr. 8,95-99(1960)
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Gila Co.
        • Sierra Ancha Mts
          • Sierra Ancha District
            • Board Tree Saddle area
              • Cherry Creek Canyon
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 255; Granger, H.C. & R.B. Raup (1969), Geology of uranium deposits in the Dripping Spring quartzite, Gila Co., AZ, USGS PP 595.
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Goodsprings District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Lynn District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Maggie Creek District
    		MinRec 26(5):449-469.
      • Humboldt Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Atlanta District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral Resources of Lincoln County, Nevada
        • Bristol and Jackrabbit Districts
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Bob Werner (2009) Mineral News, 25, #11, 1-5.
    • New Mexico
      • Doña Ana Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
          • Mimbres
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • North Carolina
      • Swain Co.
        • Great Smoky Mts
    		Hammarstrom, Jane M. Seal II, Robert R., Meier, Allen L. and Jackson, John C. (2003) Weathering of Sulfidic Shale and Copper Mine Waste: Secondary Minerals and Metal Cycling in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, and North Carolina, USA; Environmental Geology: 45: 47.
    • Oklahoma
      • Ottawa Co.
    		Rocks & Min. vol. 72 (1997)
    www.brightok.net/~rockman/Images/OkIndex.htm.
    • South Dakota
      • Yankton Co.
        • Pierre shale
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • Tintic District
    		Dana 6:1092 & A3:45; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II::567; Encyclopedia of Minerals, 2nd ed: 671.
      • San Juan Co.
        • White Canyon District
          • White Canyon
    		R&M 75:4 p240-248
      • Tooele Co.
        • Deep Creek Mts
          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
    		Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy Volume 63, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 1-8
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