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Ilvaite

Big Photo

Serifos Island (Seriphos), Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon), Kykládes Prefecture, Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department, Greece
© Rob Lavinsky

Show Ilvaite Photos (73)
Formula:
CaFe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
[O|OH|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
System:OrthorhombicColour:Iron-black, dark grayish ...
Hardness:5½ - 6
Name:For "Ilva", the old name of Elba Island, on which the type locality is situated
This page provides mineralogical data about Ilvaite.

Classification of Ilvaite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/C.10-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.BE.07

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:56.2.3.3

56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.22.7

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
22 : Silicates of Fe and Ca
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-2016.html
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Type Occurrence of Ilvaite

Type Locality:Torre di Rio - Santa Filomena area (Monte della Torre), Rio Marina, Elba Island, Livorno Province,Tuscany, Italy
Year of Discovery:1811

Occurrences of Ilvaite

Geological Setting:Contact metasomatic rocks and iron deposits.

Physical Properties of Ilvaite

Lustre:Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent on thin edges, Opaque
Colour:Iron-black, dark grayish black
Streak:Black, inclining to green or brown
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Distinct on {001} {010}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):3.99 - 4.05 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.064 g/cm3

Crystallography of Ilvaite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 8.800Å, b = 13.019Å, c = 5.852Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.676 : 1 : 0.449
Unit Cell Volume:V 670.45 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Prismatic, columnar, radiating, compact massive,
Comment:Orthorhombic (Pbnm; cell parameters given refer to this space-group symmetry) or monoclinic (P21/a; 13.0103(5), 8.8039(4), 5.8517(3), 90.209(5))
Crystal Atlas:
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Ilvaite no.2 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Ilvaite no.26 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Ilvaite no.70 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

About Crystal Atlas

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X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
7.305 (70)
2.865 (70)
2.849 (93)
2.840 (93)
2.721 (70)
2.714 (70)

Optical Data of Ilvaite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.727 nβ = 1.870 nγ = 1.883
2V:Measured: 20° to 30°, Calculated: 30°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.156

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:Strong r
Colour in reflected light:light gray to bluish gray, pinkish red to violet
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:X= dark green
Y= yellow-brown to dark brown
Z= dark brown

Chemical Properties of Ilvaite

Formula:
CaFe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
[O|OH|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
Essential elements:Ca, Fe, H, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Fe, H, O, Si
Common Impurities:Mg,Mn

Relationship of Ilvaite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
9.BE.02Wadsleyite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
9.BE.05Hennomartinite
SrMn
3+
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Lawsonite
CaAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Noelbensonite
BaMn
3+
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Itoigawaite
SrAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BE.07Manganilvaite
Ca(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
 
[O|OH|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.10Suolunite
Ca
 
2
[H
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
9.BE.12Jaffeite
Ca
 
6
[(OH)
 
6
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.15Fresnoite
Ba
 
2
Ti[O|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Baghdadite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)[O
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Burpalite
Na
 
2
CaZr[F
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Cuspidine
Ca
 
4
[(F,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)Si
 
2
O
 
7
(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Janhaugite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(Ti,Zr,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
15
(OH,F,O)
 
3
9.BE.17Låvenite
(Na,Ca)
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)(Zr,Ti)[(O,OH,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Niocalite
(Ca,Nb)
 
4
[(O,OH,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Normandite
NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)[(O,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Wöhlerite
NaCa
 
2
(Zr,Nb)[(O,OH,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite I
(Na
 
3
Ca)Ca
 
8
Zr
 
2
(M
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
3
F
 
5
9.BE.17IMA2005-005a
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
(Nb,Zr)
 
2
[(O,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.20Mosandrite
(Ca,Na,Ce)
 
12
(Ti,Zr)
 
2
[F
 
4
|(OH)
 
6
|SiO
 
4
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
3
]
9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
Ca
 
3
(Ce,La,Nd)Nb[F
 
3
|O|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
]
9.BE.20Rinkite
Na(Na,Ca)
 
2
(Ca,Ce)
 
4
Ti[F
 
2
|(O,F)
 
2
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
]
9.BE.22Götzenite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
5
Ti[F
 
4
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
]
9.BE.22Hainite
Na
 
4
Ca
 
8
(Ti,Zr,Mn)
 
3
[F
 
4
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
]
 
2
9.BE.22Rosenbuschite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)[O|F|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.22Kochite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Ca)ZrTi[(F,O)
 
4
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
]
9.BE.23Dovyrenite
Ca
 
6
Zr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
9.BE.25Barytolamprophyllite
(Ba,Na)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
[O|(OH,F)|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.25Ericssonite
BaMn
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
[O|OH|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.25Lamprophyllite
(Sr,K,Ba)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
[O|(O,OH,F)|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.25Orthoericssonite
BaMn
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
[O|OH|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.25Seidozerite
Na
 
8
Zr
 
3
Ti
 
3
Mn
2+
2
[O|F|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
4
9.BE.25Nabalamprophyllite
Na
 
3
(Ba,Na)
 
2
Ti
 
3
[O|(OH,F)|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.25Grenmarite
(Zr,Mn)
 
2
(Zr,Ti)(Mn,Na)(Na,Ca)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(O,F)
 
4
9.BE.27Murmanite
Na
 
2
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
9
·nH
 
2
O
9.BE.30Epistolite
Na
 
2
(Nb,Ti)
 
2
[O
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · nH
 
2
O
9.BE.32Lomonosovite
Na
 
5
Ti
 
2
[O
 
2
|PO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.35Vuonnemite
Na
 
11
Ti
4+
 
Nb
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
3
(F,OH)
9.BE.37Sobolevite
Na
 
12
Ca(NaCaMn)Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
3
F
 
3
9.BE.40Innelite
Na
 
2
(Ba,K)
 
4
(Mg,Ca,Fe)Ti
 
3
Si
 
4
O
 
18
(OH,F)
 
1.5
SO
 
4
9.BE.40Phosphoinnelite
Ba
 
4
Na
 
3
Ti
 
3
[(O,F)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
|Si
 
4
O
 
14
]
9.BE.42Yoshimuraite
Ba
 
2
Mn
 
2
TiOSi
 
2
O
 
7
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
9.BE.45Quadruphite
Na
 
14
Ca
 
2
Ti
 
4
[O
 
2
|F|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.47Polyphite
Na
 
5
(Na
 
4
Ca
 
2
)Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
2
F
 
2
9.BE.50Bornemanite
BaNa
 
4
Ti
 
2
NbSi
 
4
O
 
17
(F,OH)·Na
 
3
PO
 
4
9.BE.50Shkatulkaite
Na
 
10
Mn
2+
 
Ti
 
3
Nb
 
3
[(OH)
 
2
|F|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
6
] · 12H
 
2
O
9.BE.50Shkatulkalite
9.BE.50Bykovaite
BaNa(Na,Ti)
 
4
[(OH,F)
 
2
|(Ti,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
14
(O,OH)
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
9.BE.55Bafertisite
Ba(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti[O|(O,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.55Hejtmanite
Ba(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti[O|(OH,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.55Nechelyustovite
(Ba,Na)
 
2
{(Na,Ti,Mn)
 
4
[(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
Si
 
4
O
 
14
](OH,O,F)
 
2
} · 3H
 
2
O
9.BE.60Delindeite
(Na,K)
 
2.7
(Ba,Ca)
 
4
(Ti,Fe,Al)
 
6
Si
 
8
O
 
26
(OH)
 
14
9.BE.65Bussenite
Na
 
2
Ba
 
2
FeTiSi
 
2
O
 
7
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
3
F
9.BE.67Jinshajiangite
(Na,Ca)(Ba,K)(Fe,Mn)
 
4
Ti
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
16
(F,O,OH)
 
2-3
9.BE.67Perraultite
(Na,Ca)(Ba,K)(Mn,Fe)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
16
(OH,F,O)
 
3
9.BE.67Surkhobite
(Ba,K)
 
2
CaNaMn
 
8
Ti
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
4
(F,OH,O)
 
6
9.BE.70Karnasurtite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si,P)
 
2
O
 
7
(OH)
 
4
·3H
 
2
O
9.BE.70Perrierite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca,Th)
 
4
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Strontiochevkinite
(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)
 
4
Fe
3+
 
(Ti,Zr)
 
2
Ti
 
2
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Chevkinite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Ca,Na,Th)
 
4
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(Fe
3+
 
,Ti,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Nb)
 
2
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Polyakovite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca)
 
4
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Cr
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Rengeite
Sr
 
4
ZrTi
 
4
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Matsubaraite
Sr
 
4
Ti
 
5
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Dingdaohengite-(Ce)
Ce
 
4
Fe
2+
 
Ti
 
2
Ti
 
2
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Maoniupingite-(Ce)
(REE,Ca)
 
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti,Fe
2+
 
,[])(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Nb)
 
4
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.70Perrierite-(La)
(La,Ce, Ca)
 
4
(Fe,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)(Ti,Fe)
 
4
[O
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.72Fersmanite
(Ca,Na)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
11
(F,OH)
 
2
9.BE.75Belkovite
Ba
 
3
(Nb,Ti)
 
6
[O
 
6
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
2
9.BE.77Nasonite
Pb
 
6
Ca
 
4
[Cl
 
2
|(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
3
]
9.BE.80Kentrolite
Pb
 
2
Mn
3+
2
[O
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.80Melanotekite
Pb
 
2
Fe
3+
2
[O
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.82Tilleyite
Ca
 
5
[(CO
 
3
)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BE.85Killalaite
Ca
 
3
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · 0.5H
 
2
O
9.BE.87Stavelotite-(La)
(La,Nd,Ca)
 
3
Mn
2+
3
Cu(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Mn
4+
 
)
 
26
[O
 
5
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
6
9.BE.90Biraite-(Ce)
Ce
 
2
Fe
2+
 
[CO
 
3
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
14.22.1Hedenbergite
CaFe
2+
 
[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
14.22.2Pyroxferroite
(Fe,Mn,Ca)SiO
 
3
14.22.3 Ferro-akermanite
Ca
 
2
FeSi
 
2
O
 
7
14.22.4Kirschsteinite
CaFe
2+
 
[SiO
 
4
]
14.22.5Tungusite
Ca
 
4
Fe
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
6
14.22.6Ferro-Actinolite
☐[Ca
 
2
][(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
][(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
14.22.8Julgoldite-(Fe2+)
Ca
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
14.22.9Andradite
Ca
 
3
Fe
3+
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3

Other Names for Ilvaite

Synonyms:
Baddeleyite (of Clarke)BreislakiteCyclopeiteElbaite (of Giesecke)Lievrite
Yenite
German names:
BreislakitCyclopeitIlvaitLievritYenit
Russian names:
Ильваит
Spanish names:
BreislakitaCyclopeitaIlvaitaLievritaYenita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Ilvaite

Reference List:Rodolico F.(1931): Osservazioni cristallografiche sull'ilvaite. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma pp. 122-132.

Federico M. – (1957) Sulla breislakite. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma pp. 191-210.

Cecchini A., Franzini M., Troysi M.(1984): La microdurezza alla penetrazione dell'ilvaite. Rend. Soc.It. Min. Petr., 39, 711-715.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1987): 179: 415.

European Journal of Mineralogy: 6: 465-479.

Internet Links for Ilvaite

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    Localities for Ilvaite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • San Juan
    		Brodtkorb (2002): Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Buccleuch Co.
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    • Tasmania
      • Hampshire district
        • Kara Mines
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection (collected and SXRD-analysed by Uwe Kolitsch 2/08)
      • Rosebery district
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    Austria
     
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Virgen valley
          • Umbal valley
            • Islitz Alp
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Bulgaria
     
    • Plovdiv Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
    		[MinRec 22 p.439]
    China
     
    • Fujian Province
      • Longyan Prefecture
        • Zhangping Co.
    		Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.
    • Hebei Province
      • Zhangjiakou Prefecture
        • Zhangbei Co.
    		Zhaoshan Chang, White, N.C., Crowe, R.W.A., and Woodhouse, W. (2006): Australian Earth Sciences Convention, Melbourne, July 2-6, 2006.
    • Hubei Province
      • Huangshi Prefecture
        • Daye Co.
          • Edong Mining District
    		Ottens, B. (2003): Inesit, Hubeit und Japanerzwillinge aus Hubei, China. LAPIS 28 (9), 41-47
    France
     
    • Corsica
      • Haute-Corse
        • Corte
          • Ponte Leccia
    		H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du nickel dans les serpentinites de Corse", Extrait du Bulletin du BRGM, N°1, 1968
    Germany
     
    • Hesse
      • Dillenburg District
        • Herbornseelbach
          • Bornberg Mt.
    		Aufschluss 1971(3), 87-96
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Bad Harzburg
    		No reference listed
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Hut valley
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler
          • Ahrbrück
            • Martinsknipp hill
    		Beyer, H. (1978): Über Haldenfunde aus den Antimonitgängen von Ahrbrück (Eifel)..., Der Aufschluß, 29, 401-408
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
    		Lapis, 17 (10), 13-24+82.
    Lapis 30(7/8):78-80 (2005)
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Pöhla
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
    		[MinRec 22:305]
    Rocks & Min.: 64(5):411.
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
    		[MinRec 24]
    Collection of NHM, Vienna
    Iceland
     
    • Hvalfjordur
    		Zeolites of the World, R. Tscherinch, 1992 (524)
    India
     
    • Maharashtra
      • Mumbai District (Bombay District)
    Wise and Moller (1990) Eur. Jour. Min. v. 2, pp. 875-883.
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Phlegrean Fields
          • Pozzuoli
      • Salerno Province
        • Sarno
          • Lavorate
    		http://www.musei.unina.it/Mineralogia/2.2.2.10.htm
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Borzoli
    		Giuseppe Pipino - L'antica miniera di Monte Ramazzo e i suoi minerali - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, vol. 8, fasc. 3, 1977
    Palenzona A. (1987): L'Ilvaite della Valle della Gava (Genova) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, fasc. 3, pp. 139-140
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Novate Mezzola
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Lanzo Massif
              • Balangero - Corio area
    		Prete, R. (1995): L'amiantifera di S. Vittore, Balangero, Torino. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1995, 313-333.
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Assemini
    		Stara, P. (1990): La miniera di San Leone (CA). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/1990, 121-136.
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Domusnovas
    Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente - Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 1, 238 pp.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Fassa Valley
          • Monzoni Mts
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
        • Gavorrano
    		Capperi M., Nannoni R., Brizzi G., 1996. Gavorrano e le sue miniere. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 20.
        • Massa Marittima
    		Brizzi G., Capperi M., Masotti A. - La miniera di pirite di Niccioleta, Massa Marittima (GR) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, Fasc. 4 (1989) e Fasc. 1 - 2(1990)
        • Montieri
    		Bazzoni C. et al., 2003. Il "Filone di Boccheggiano": miniere e minerali. Riv. Miner. Ital., 1: 78-89
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
          • Temperino
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol
        • Castagneto Carducci
    		REGIONE TOSCANA, GIUNTA REGIONALE. Inventario del patrimonio minerario e mineralogico in Toscana. Aspetti naturalistici e storico-archeologici. Dipartimento Ambiente, ottobre 1991.
        • Elba Island
          • Capoliveri
    N. Calanchi, G. Dal Rio, A. Prati (1976) - Miniere e minerali dell'Elba orientale - Tip. Cacciari, Bologna
          • Porto Azzurro
    		E. Manasse, 1912 - Ricerche petrografiche e mineralogiche sul Monte Arco (Isola d'Elba) - Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat., Mem. Serie A, 28:118-199.
    A. Hanauer, 1973 - Elba. Eine Ubersicht - Der Aufschluss, 24: 71-85.
          • Rio Marina
    		G. Gottardi, 1962 - Solfuri e ossidi di ferro del giacimento di Ortano - Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat., Mem. Serie A, 69: 327-341.
    F. Barberi et al., 1969 - Note illustrtive della carta geologica d'Italia, F° 126 - Poligraf. & Cartaval, Ercolano
    M. Lelièvre, 1807 - De la yénite, nouvelle substance minérale. - Journal des Mines, 21, 65-74.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Gifu Prefecture
          • Hida City
    		Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Niigata Prefecture
    		Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Takahashi
    		Matsueda, H. (1980) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 5, #4, 15-77.; Matsueda, H. (1980) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 5, #4, 15-77.
        • Yamaguchi Prefecture
          • Mine City
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan); Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    Wada (1904): Minerals of Japan
      • Kanto Region
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu-gun
            • Ohtaki-mura
              • Nakatsugawa
    		No reference listed
      • Kinki region
        • Osaka Prefecture
          • Ikeda City
    		Fujiwara, T. (2006) Chigaku Kenkyu, 55, #4, 237.
    • Kyushu Island
      • Oita prefecture
        • Ono-gun
    		Masutomi Museum specimens; Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Shikoku Island
      • Kochi Prefecture
        • Kochi City
    		Matsubara, S. & Kato, A. (1989) Manganbabingtonite from Mitani, Kochi City, Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum (Tokyo), 15, #3, 81-89.
    Kosovo
     
    • Kosovska Mitrovica
      • Trepča valley
        • Trepča complex
    		Féraud J. (1979) - La mine " Stari-Trg " (Trepca, Yougoslavie) et ses richesses minéralogiques. Avec la collaboration de Mari D. et G. (1979) Minéraux et Fossiles, n° 59-60, p. 19-28
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • West Camp
            • Francisco Portillo
    		Panczner (1987):94-366.
    • Coahuila
    		Levresse, G., Tritlla, J., Villareal, J., Gonzalez-Partida, E., 2006. The “el pilote” fluorite skarn: a crucial deposit to understand the origin and mobilizacion of the F from northern Mexico deposits Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 89, 1-3, 205-209.
    • Guerrero
      • Mun. de Taxco
        • Taxco de Alarcón (Taxco; Tasco)
    		Mr. Richard Dale.
    • Sinaloa
      • Mun. de Badiraguato
        • Alisito
    		Panczner(1987):95-391.
    • Zacatecas
      • Mun. de Sombrerete
    		Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra Lapis English No. 9
    Mongolia
     
    • Hovd Aimag (Khovd Aimag)
      • Altai Mts
    		P.M. Kartashov data
          • Mount Ulyn Khuren
    		P. Kartashov et al. (2002) Can. Mineral. 40, 1641-1648
    Kartashov P.M., Voloshin A.V., PakhomovskiiYa.A. On the zonal crystaline gadolinite from the alkaline granite pegmatites of Haldzan Buragtag (Mongolian Altai), - Zapiski VMO, 1993,N3,p. 65-79.
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Northland
        • Far North
          • Cape Brett
    		http://crownminerals.med.govt.nz/minerals/docs/comreports/r