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Iodargyrite

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Formula:
AgI
System:HexagonalColour:Colourless (fresh); pale ...
Hardness:1½ - 2
Name:After the composition, containing IODine and silver (Latin: ARGentum).
This page provides mineralogical data about Iodargyrite.

Classification of Iodargyrite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:3/A.03-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:3.AA.10

3 : HALIDES
A : Simple halides, without H2O
A : M:X = 1:1, 2:3, 3:5, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:9.1.5.1

9 : NORMAL HALIDES
1 : AX
Hey's CIM Ref.:8.3.4

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
3 : Halides of Ag
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Type Occurrence of Iodargyrite

Type Locality:Albarradón Mine, Albarradón, Mun. de Concepción del Oro, Zacatecas, Mexico
Year of Discovery:1859

Occurrences of Iodargyrite

Geological Setting:Oxidized zones of silver deposits.

Physical Properties of Iodargyrite

Lustre:Adamantine, Resinous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Colourless (fresh); pale yellow, yellow, greenish yellow, brownish, grayish
Streak:Yellow (shining)
Hardness (Mohs):1½ - 2
Density (measured):5.69 g/cm3
Density (calculated):5.7 g/cm3

Crystallography of Iodargyrite

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Class (H-M):6mm - Dihexagonal Pyramidal
Space Group:P6mm
Cell Parameters:a = 4.59Å, c = 7.51Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.636
Unit Cell Volume:V 137.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals usually prismatic [0001]; also tabular on [0001]. Development usually distinctly hemimorphic. Crystals are occasionally barrel-shaped, or occur as parallel groups or rosettes. They can also occur as massive aggregates, lamellae or scaly crystals.
Twinning:On {30_34}, repeated as fourlings at times. Paramorphs of iodargyrite after miersite show a mietic repeated twinning with iodargyrite [001] parallel to {111} of the original miersite.

Optical Data of Iodargyrite

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 2.210 nε = 2.220
Birefringence:Occasionally exhibits undulose anomalous birefringence, with small 2V, due to mechanical deformation. Exhibits abnormal green interference colors. Dispersion very large.
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.010

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High

Chemical Properties of Iodargyrite

Formula:
AgI
Essential elements:Ag, I
All elements listed in formula:Ag, I
Common Impurities:Cl,Br

Relationship of Iodargyrite to other Species

Common Associates:
WadVanadiniteSilverPyromorphiteLimonite
Iodian BromargyriteDescloiziteChlorargyriteCerussiteCalcite
BromargyriteBismoclite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
3.AA.05Marshite
CuI
3.AA.05Miersite
(Ag,Cu)I
3.AA.05Nantokite
CuCl
3.AA.05UM1999-11:I:CuS
Cu(I,S)
3.AA.10Tocornalite
(Ag,Hg)I
3.AA.15Bromargyrite
AgBr
3.AA.15Chlorargyrite
AgCl
3.AA.20Carobbiite
KF
3.AA.20Griceite
LiF
3.AA.20Halite
NaCl
3.AA.20Sylvite
KCl
3.AA.20Villiaumite
NaF
3.AA.25Salammoniac
NH
 
4
Cl
3.AA.25UM1998-03-Cl:Tl
TlCl
3.AA.25Lafossaite
Tl(Cl,Br)
3.AA.30Calomel
(Hg
+
2
)Cl
 
2
3.AA.30Kuzminite
(Hg
+
2
)(Br,Cl)
 
2
3.AA.30Moschelite
(Hg
+
2
)I
 
2
3.AA.35Neighborite
NaMgF
 
3
3.AA.40Chlorocalcite
KCaCl
 
3
3.AA.45Kolarite
PbTeCl
 
2
3.AA.50Radhakrishnaite
PbTe
 
3
(Cl,S)
 
2
3.AA.55Challacolloite
KPb
 
2
Cl
 
5
3.AA.60Hephaistosite
TlPb
 
2
Cl
 
5
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
8.3.1Chlorargyrite
AgCl
8.3.2Bromargyrite
AgBr
8.3.3Bromian Chlorargyrite
Ag(Cl,Br)
8.3.5Miersite
(Ag,Cu)I

Other Names for Iodargyrite

Synonyms:
β-AgIIodic SilverIoditeIodure d'ArgentIodyrite
Other Languages:
Catalan:Iodargirita
Czech:Jodargyrit
French:Argent ioduré
German:Jodargyrit
Argyrojodit
Iodargyrit
Iodit
Iodsilber
Iodyrit
Jodin-silber
Jodsilber
Italian:Iodargirite
Russian:Иодаргирит
Simplified Chinese:碘银矿
Spanish:Iodargyrita
Iodita
Iodyrita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:None.
Thermal Behaviour:The axial ratio and specific gravity decrease regularly to 146° where the substance inverts with absorption of heat to α-AgI, when heated.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:Ore of silver.

References for Iodargyrite

Reference List:

- +
Vauquelin (1825) Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris: 29: 99 (as Iodure d'Argent).

Kraus and Cook (1909) American Journal of Science: 27: 210.

Aminoff (1922) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 44: 444.

Barth and Lundy (1925) Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Oslo: 8: 293.

Barth and Lundy (1926) Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Leipzig, Berlin: 122: 293.

Kolkmeijer and van Hengel (1934) Zs. Kr.: 88: 317.

Helmholz (1935) J. Chem Phys.: 3: 740.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume II: 22-25.

Internet Links for Iodargyrite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Iodargyrite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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  • Localities for Iodargyrite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
      • Punilla Department
        • Tanti
          • Cerro Blanco pegmatite district
    Mr. Nelson Valenzuela.
      • Sierra de Guasapampa
        • Loma Colorada
    Minerals acquired from Mr. Nelson Valenzuela
    • Mendoza
      • Uspallata
    Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Robinson Co.
        • Cobar
          • Cobar
    http://leme.anu.edu.au/Pubs/Advancesinregolith/Leverett_et_al.pdf
        • Mount Drysdale
          • Moquilamba
    L.B. Gilligan and J.G. Byrnes Cobar Metallogenic Map 1:250 000
    L.B. Gilligan and J.G. Byrnes Cobar Metallogenic Map 1:250 000
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    [UKJMM 19:28]
    • South Australia
      • Eyre Peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    Francis, G. A. (2010): Minerals of Iron Monarch.
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Beltana
    No reference listed
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • North Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Burra
    Uwe Kolitsch collection
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Clarendon
    Kolitsch, U. and Elliott, P. (1999): Mineralogy of the Mount Malvern Mine near Clarendon, South Australia. Australian J. Mineral. 5, 3-17.
          • Glen Osmond
    No reference listed
          • Montacute
    Noble, RJ & Just, J, 1983 , Catalogue of South Australian minerals : 1983 , Dept. of Mines and Energy, South Australia, Adelaide.
    • Victoria
      • Lake Boga
    [AmMin 85:1321]
    • Western Australia
      • Pilbara Region
        • East Pilbara Shire
    Downes, P. J., Hope, M., Bevan, A. W. R. and Henry, D. A. (2006): Chalcocite and associated secondary minerals from the Telfer gold mine, Western Australia. Austral. J. Mineral. 12, 25-42.
        • Roebourne Shire
          • Whim Creek
    No reference listed
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Nord-du-Québec
    Can. Min. 35, 23
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • Antofagasta Province
        • Santa Catalina
          • Guanaco (Huanaco)
    IMA submission #037-99, Dr. F. Veselovsky, Czech Geol. Survey
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. IV
        • Sierra Gorda District
    Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 24.
      • Tocopilla Province
        • Punta Blanca area
    Reich, M., Palacios, C., Alvear, M., Cameron, E.M., Leybourne, M.I., and Deditius, A. (2009): Mineralium Deposita 44, 719-722.
    • Atacama Region
      • Chañaral Province
        • Diego de Almagro
    Econ Geol (1991) 86:1287-1300
      • Copiapó Province
    Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 14.
    Dana 6:160.
    Chlorargyrite sample is in the Maurizio Dini collection
    A. Moesta; "Chlor, Brom und Jodverbindungen des Silbers in der natur"; Facultat zu Marburg; Schnellpressendruck von C.L. Pfeil, Marburg, 1869
    • Coquimbo Region
      • Elqui Province
        • La Serena
          • El Arrayan
            • Los Algodones district
    Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 24.
    China
     
    Qisong Sun (1992): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 12(3), 214-218
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Hulunbuir League (Hulunbei'er Prefecture)
        • New Barag Right Banner (Xin Barag Youqi)
    Zhitian Wang, Kezhang Qin, Longju Pang, and Weishi Li (1993): Mineral Deposits 12(3), 212-220; Zhicheng Lü, Paiping Zhang, Guozheng Duan, Libo Hao, and Guanghua Dong (2002): Journal of Mineraloy and Petrology 22(1), 1-5
        • Yakeshi Co.
    Jidong Guan and Xiaohong Chai (2004): Geology and Prospecting 40(2), 36-40
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Příbram
          • Vrančice
    [Lapis 1995, 12, p.13-24]
      • Liberec Region
    Šrein, V., Langrová, A.: Amalgam stříbra a jodargyrit z Horní Rokytnice. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2000, roč. 8, s. 239-240.
    Dominican Republic
     
    • Monseñor Nouel Province
      • Maimón
    E. Andreu, J. A. Proenza, E. Tauler, C. Chavez and J. Espaillat (2010): Gold and Iodargyrite in the Gossan of Cerro de Maimón Deposit (Central Dominican Republic). Macla 13, 41-42
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Ébreuil
          • Échassières
    Queneau Patrice collection
    Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 24; Le Règne Minéral, (33), 5-25.
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Aveyron
        • Monteils
    Jean Claude Dol collection
      • Tarn
        • Ambialet
    Patrice Queneau Collection
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    U. Kolitsch, G. Blaß, H.-W. Graf und J. Gröbner (2004): Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald. Lapis 29 (2) 18-23; 50. (in German); U. Kolitsch, J. Gröbner, G. Blaß and H.-W. Graf (2007): Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald (III): Cerianit-(Ce), Dravit, Florencit-(La), Gilmarit, Olenit und Scotlandit. Lapis 32, 19-23, 70.
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Lautertal (Odenwald)
          • Reichenbach
            • Hohenstein
    Lapis, 12 (10), 23-32+58.
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Palatinate
        • Alsenz-Obermoschel
    Lapis 2001(6), 13-40
        • Wolfstein
    Lapis 2001(6), 13-40
      • Westerwald
        • Wied Iron Spar District
          • Neuwied
            • Dernbach
    Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 14; Westenberger, H. (1961): Über einen Fund von Jodsilber und Corkit auf den Halden der Grube 'Schöne Aussicht' bei Dernbach. Der Aufschluss, 12, 119-121; Lapis, 17 (9), 31-36.
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Ehrenfriedersdorf
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Helgoland Island
    Markus Gerstmann - Collection
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
          • Milos Island (Melos)
    Kilias, S.P., Naden, J., Cheliotis, I., Shepherd, T.J., Constandinidou, H., Crossing, J., and Simos, I. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 32-44.
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
    Schnorrer-Köhler, G. (1986): Neufunde in den Schlacken von Lavrion. LAPIS 11 (6), 25-29
          • Thorikos area
    No reference listed
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Rudabányai Mts.
        • Rudabánya
    Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
      • Zempléni Mts.
        • Legyesbénye
    Szakáll: Top.Min. Hun.
    Italy
     
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Piombino
    Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
      • Altai Mts (Rudnyi Altai)
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Dzhezkazgan (Zhezqazghan)
    Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 24.
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • East Camp
    Panczner (1987): 77-395.
      • Mun. de Batopilas
        • Andres del Rio District
    Wilson, W. and Panczner, C., 1986, Batopilas, Mineralogical Record, v 17: 61-80.
      • Mun. de Carmargo
        • Sierra de las Encinillas
    Panczner(1987):239.
    Panczner(1987):239.
    Panczner(1987):239.
    Panczner(1987):239.
    Panczner(1987): 239.
    Panczner (1987): 239.
    Panczner (1987): 239.
    Panczner (1987): 239.
      • Mun. de Urique
        • Urique
    PAnczner (1987): 78-373.
    • Durango
      • Mun. de San Pedro del Gallo
        • Peñoles
    Panczner (1987): 239.
    • Guanajuato
      • Mun. de San Luis de la Paz
        • Mineral de Pozos
    Panczner(1987):239.
    Panczner(1987):239.
    • Queretaro
      • Mun. de Cadereyta
        • Cadereyta de Montes
          • Las Aguas
    Panczner (1987): 240.
    • San Luis Potosí
      • Mun. de Catorce
        • Mineral de La Purísima Concepción
    Panczner (1987): 133, 240 & 253.
    • Sonora
      • Mun. de Guaymas
        • San Marcial
    Panczner(1987):240.
      • Mun. de Moctezuma
    Lapis 2001(1), 11-40
    • Zacatecas
      • Mun. de Concepción del Oro
        • Albarradón
    Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 24; Panczner (1987): 240.
      • Mun. de Zacatecas
        • Zacatecas
    Panczner (1987): 240.
    Namibia
     
    • Kunene Region
      • Damaraland District
        • Khorixas
          • Mesopotamia Copper Valley
    Gerhard Niedermayr: Mesopotamia 504 - die Typlokalität des Namibit; Niedermayr, G.(2001): Mesopotamia 504 - die Typlokalität des Namibit. In: S. Jahn, O. Medenbach, G. Niedermayr, G. Schneider: Namibia - Zauberwelt edler Steine und Kristalle (1 Edition, in German), 97-99
      • Kaokoveld Plateau
    Niedermayr, G., Schnaitmann, E. A., Brandstätter, F. (2008): Das Dioptas-Shattuckit-Vorkommen Kandesei im Kakokoland [sic]. Mineralien-Welt 19, 76-93 (in German).
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Bodaibo
            • Lena Gold District
              • Kropotkinsky ore cluster
    http://www.igem.ru/igem/chem/pt/sukhloge.htm
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Altaiskii Krai
        • Rudnyi Altai
    Minerals offered by Excalibur minerals, July 2009; Pekov, I.V., Lykova, I.S., Bryzgalov, I.A., Ksenofontov, D.A., Zyryanova, L.A. & Litvinov, N.D. (2010): Extremely rich iodide mineralization at the Rubtsovskoe base metal deposit (North West Altay, Russia) and its genesis. 20th General Meeting of the IMA (IMA2010), Budapest, Hungary, August 21-27, CD of Abstracts, p. 416.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
    Ďuďa R.,Kotuľak P., Káňa R., 1993: Bergbau und Mineralien von Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz), Slowakei. Emser Hefte, 14, 3, 1-70, Haltern
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Níjar
          • Rodalquilar
            • Cerro de los Guardias
    Georges FAVREAU collection
    S.Rust collection
    • Aragón
      • Huesca
        • Bielsa Valley
          • Bielsa
    Jean-Marie Laurent collection
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Ciudad Real
        • Minas de Horcajo
    Sáinz de Baranda, B., Palero, F.J., García, G. (2004): El Horcajo, las piromorfitas más famosas del mundo. Bocamina, 13, 32-68.
      • Guadalajara
    Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 24; Mineralogical Record, 23 (3), 241-249
    Jordi Fabre
    U.S. Virgin Islands
     
    • St. John
    Alminas, Henry V.; Foord, Eugene E.; Tucker, Robert E. (1994) Geochemistry, mineralogy, and geochronology of the U.S. Virgin Islands USGS Bulletin 2057 36p
    • St Thomas
    Alminas, Henry V.; Foord, Eugene E.; Tucker, Robert E. (1994) Geochemistry, mineralogy, and geochronology of the U.S. Virgin Islands USGS Bulletin 2057 36p
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Dragoon Mts
          • Johnny Lyon Hills
            • Tres Alamos Wash
    Robert Jenkins Raman Spectroscopy
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    [MinRec 24:421]
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 259; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
        • Sulphur Springs Valley
          • Pearce Hills
            • Pearce District
              • Pearce
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 100, 147, 169, 212-213, 259; Endlich, F.M. (1897), The Pearce mining distict, Engr.Mining Jour.: 63(23): 571; Guild, F.N. (1910), The Mineralogy of Arizona, The Chemical Publishing Co., Easton, PA; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), Minerals of AZ, AZ Bur. of mines Bull. 153: 14; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 43; Dana 7:II:24.
      • Mohave Co.
        • Black Mts
          • Oatman District (San Francisco District; Union Pass District)
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 259.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 259.
    Anthony, J.W. et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 259.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 259.
        • Cerbat Mts (Cerbat Range)
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 259; Thomas, B.E. (1949), Ore deposits of the Wallapai district, AZ, Econ.Geol.: 44:663-705.
      • Pima Co.
        • Cerro Colorado Mts
          • Cerro Colorado District
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 259; Guild, F.N. (1910), The mineralogy of Arizona, The Chemical Publishing Co., Easton, PA; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 43; Dana 6:160.
        • Tohono O'odom (Papago) Indian Reservation
          • Comobabi Mts
            • Cababi District (Comobabi District)
              • Ko Vaya
                • Mildren Mine group
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 259, 298; Williams, S.A, (1963), Oxidation of sulfide ores in the Mildren and Steppe mining districts, Pima Co., AZ, Econ.Geol.: 58: 1119-1125.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 259, 298; Williams, S.A, (1963), Oxidation of sulfide ores in the Mildren and Steppe mining districts, Pima Co., AZ, Econ.Geol.: 58: 1119-1125.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mammoth District
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 259; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181.
      • Santa Cruz Co.
        • Patagonia Mts
          • Harshaw District
            • Alum Gulch
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 259; Blanchard, R. & P.F. Boswell (1930), Limonite types derived from bornite and tetrahedrite, Econ.Geol. 25: 557-580;
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Bradshaw Mts (Bradshaw Range)
          • Hassayampa District
    Richard Josiah Hinton (1878) The handbook to Arizona
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Baker
          • Otto Mountain
    Kampf, A.R., Mills, S.J., Housley, R.M., Marty, J., and Thorne, B. (2010): American Mineralogist 95, 1554–1559.
    Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne. XRD confirmed by Tony Kamph.
    • Colorado
      • Boulder Co.
        • Gold Hill District
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Custer Co.
        • Silver Cliff District
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Lake Co.
        • Leadville District
    MinRec 16:171-201
            • Carbonate Hill
    Min. Rec.:16(3):171-201
    Min. Rec.:16(3):171-201
            • Fryer Hill
              • Chrysolite workings
    Min. Rec.:16(3):171-201
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Wonder District
    USBM Inf Circ 7093 (1939)
      • Clark Co.
        • Goodsprings District
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Clark County, Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 65-69
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Goldfield District
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Awakening District
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Sulfur District
    Econ Geol (1997) 92:578-600
      • Lander Co.
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Eagle Valley District
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Rawhide District
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Bullfrog District
          • Rhyolite
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Paradise Peak District
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Open File Report 79-3
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
          • Tonopah
    Rocks & Min.:13:6-9.
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Antelope District
    Jensen, M. (1993) Update on the mineralogy of the Majuba Hill mine, Pershing County. Mineralogical Record: 24, 171-180.
    Jensen, M. (1993): Update on the mineralogy of the Majuba Hill mine, Pershing County. Mineralogical Record. 24, 171-180.
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
        • Fleming District
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Lincoln Co.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
          • Gallinas Mts
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.; NMBMGMR Open-file Report - 532
      • Sierra Co.
    Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 24; Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    Dana 6: 789.
      • Socorro Co.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
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