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Ixiolite

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Gundlebo, Väne Ryr, Vänersborg, Västergötland, Sweden
© B. Otter

Show Ixiolite Photos (6)
Formula:
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)
 
4
O
 
8
System:OrthorhombicColour:Steel-grey, black
Hardness:6 - 6½
Name:After Ixion in Greek mythology, a character related to Tantalus, in allusion to the tantalum content of the material.


Complex oxide with disordered cation distribution (only one cation site in the asymmetric unit) and a unit cell equivalent to a subcell of columbite.
Some "ixiolites" are Nb-dominant and probably a new species (see ixiolite varieties).
Orthorhombic, although some varieties seem to be monoclinic-pseudoorthorhombic (Wise et al., 1998).

Classification of Ixiolite

IMA status:Approved 1962
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.17-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DB.25

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:8.1.10.1

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
1 : ABO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:18.1.41

18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U
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Type Occurrence of Ixiolite

Type Locality:Skogböle, Kimitö, Länsi-Suomen Lääni, Finland
Year of Discovery:1857
Geological Setting of type material:granitic pegmatite
Associated Minerals at type locality:
Tapiolite-(Fe)Feldspar Group

Occurrences of Ixiolite

Geological Setting:Ta-bearing granitic pegmatites

Physical Properties of Ixiolite

Lustre:Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Steel-grey, black
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 6½
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):7.03 - 7.23 g/cm3
Density (calculated):7.39 g/cm3

Crystallography of Ixiolite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:a = 5.73Å, b = 4.74Å, c = 5.16Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.209 : 1 : 1.089
Unit Cell Volume:V 140 ų
Morphology:single crystals are "columbite-like", also as sphaerical aggregates. Rectangular prisms with {100}, {001}, and {010}.
Twinning:Twinned on {103} at times.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.65 (32)
2.98 (100)
2.87 (5)
2.57 (13)
2.51 (20)
2.37 (5)
2.265 (2)
2.213 (4)
2.104 (9)
2.017 (1)
1.915 (4)
1.826 (6)
1.772 (13)
1.746 (17)
1.722 (24)
1.554 (12)
1.521 (1)
1.490 (1)
1.459 (29)
Comments:the unit-cell is a sub-cell of columbite, with similar parameters except for b, which is one-third of the columbite b parameter

Chemical Properties of Ixiolite

Formula:
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)
 
4
O
 
8
Essential elements:O, Ta
All elements listed in formula:Fe, Mn, Nb, O, Sn, Ta

Relationship of Ixiolite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.DB.05Argutite
GeO
 
2
4.DB.05Cassiterite
SnO
 
2
4.DB.05Plattnerite
PbO
 
2
4.DB.05Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
4.DB.05Rutile
TiO
 
2
4.DB.05Tripuhyite
Fe
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
4.DB.05Tugarinovite
MoO
 
2
4.DB.05Varlamoffite
(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.10Byströmite
MgSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Ordoñezite
ZnSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.15Akhtenskite
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.15Nsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.15Paramontroseite
VO
 
2
4.DB.15Ramsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.20Scrutinyite
alpha-PbO
 
2
4.DB.25Ishikawaite
U
4+
 
Fe
2+
 
Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Y)
(Y,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,U,Th,Ca)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Srilankite
Ti
 
2
ZrO
 
6
4.DB.25Yttrocolumbite-(Y)
Y(U
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Calciosamarskite
(Ca,Fe
3+
 
,Y)
 
2
(Nb,Ta,Ti)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Iwashiroite-(Y)
Y(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Yb)
(Yb,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Písekite-(Y)
4.DB.30Ferberite
FeWO
 
4
4.DB.30Hübnerite
MnWO
 
4
4.DB.30Sanmartinite
(Zn,Fe)WO
 
4
4.DB.30Krasnoselskite
CoWO
 
4
4.DB.35Columbite-(Fe)
FeNb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Fe)
FeTa
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mn)
MnTa
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Qitianlingite
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
WO
 
10
4.DB.35Magnocolumbite
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.40Ferrowodginite
FeSnTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiotantite
Li(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiowodginite
LiTa
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Titanowodginite
MnTiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Wodginite
Mn(Sn,Ta)Ta
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Ferrotitanowodginite
Fe
2+
 
TiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.45Tivanite
VTiO
 
3
(OH)
4.DB.50Carmichaelite
(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O
 
2-x
(OH)
 
x
]
4.DB.55Alumotantite
AlTaO
 
4
4.DB.60Biehlite
((Sb,As)O)
 
2
[MoO
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
18.1.1Lithiotantite
Li(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
8
18.1.2Lueshite
NaNbO
 
3
18.1.3Natroniobite
NaNbO
 
3
18.1.4Franconite
Na
 
2
Nb
 
4
O
 
11
·9H
 
2
O
18.1.5Natrotantite
Na
 
2
Ta
 
4
O
 
11
18.1.6Irtyshite
Na
 
2
(Ta,Nb)
 
4
O
 
11
18.1.7Rankamaite
(Na,K,Pb,Li)
 
3
(Ta,Nb,Al)
 
11
(O,OH)
 
30
18.1.8Kalipyrochlore
(K,Sr)
 
2-x
Nb
 
2
O
 
6
(O,OH)·nH
 
2
O
18.1.9Calciotantite
CaTa
 
4
O
 
11
18.1.10Rynersonite
Ca(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.11Microlite
(Ca,Na)
 
2
Ta
 
2
O
 
6
(O,OH,F)
18.1.12Belyankinite
Ca
 
1-2
(Ti,Zr,Nb)
 
5
O
 
12
 · 9H
 
2
O (?)
18.1.13Latrappite
(Ca,Na)(Nb,Ti,Fe)O
 
3
18.1.14Hochelagaite
(Ca,Na,Sr)(Nb,Ti,Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
11
·8H
 
2
O
18.1.15Bariomicrolite
Ba(Ta,Nb)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
7
18.1.16Parabariomicrolite
BaTa
 
4
O
 
10
(OH)
 
2
·2H
 
2
O
18.1.17Bariopyrochlore
(Ba,Sr)
 
2
(Nb,Ti)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
7
18.1.18Alumotantite
AlTaO
 
4
18.1.19Simpsonite
Al
 
4
(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
13
(OH,F)
18.1.20Sosedkoite
(K,Na)
 
5
Al
 
2
(Ta,Nb)
 
22
O
 
60
18.1.21Thoreaulite
SnTa
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.22Stannomicrolite
(Sn,Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Ta,Nb,Sn)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
7
18.1.23Foordite
(Sn,Pb)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.24Changbaiite
PbNb
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.25Plumbopyrochlore
(Pb,Y,U,Ca)
 
2-x
Nb
 
2
O
 
6
(OH)
18.1.26Plumbomicrolite
(Pb,Ca,U)
 
2
Ta
 
2
O
 
6
(OH)
18.1.27Stibiocolumbite
Sb(Nb,Ta)O
 
4
18.1.28Stibiotantalite
Sb(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
18.1.29Natrobistantite
(Na,Cs)Bi(Ta,Nb,Sb)
 
4
O
 
12
18.1.30Cesplumtantite
(Cs,Na)
 
2
(Pb,Sb
3+
 
)
 
3
Ta
 
8
O
 
24
18.1.31Stibiomicrolite
(Sb,Ca,Na)
 
2
(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
7
18.1.32Cesstibtantite
(Cs,Na)SbTa
 
4
O
 
12
18.1.33 Stibobetafite
(Ca,Sb)
 
2
(Ti,Nb,Ta)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
7
18.1.34Bismutotantalite
Bi(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
18.1.35Bismutomicrolite
(Bi,Ca)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
(OH)
18.1.36Tantalite-(Mn)
MnTa
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.37Gerasimovskite
(Mn,Ca)(Nb,Ti)
 
5
O
 
12
·9H
 
2
O
18.1.38Tapiolite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.39Columbite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.40Wodginite
Mn(Sn,Ta)Ta
 
2
O
 
8
18.1.42Columbite-(Fe)
FeNb
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.43Tantalite-(Fe)
FeTa
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.44Columbite
(Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.45Tantalite
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.46Tapiolite
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.47Tapiolite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.48Columbite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.50Strüverite
(Ti,Ta,Fe)O
 
2
18.1.51 Staringite
(Fe,Mn)
 
x
(Ta,Nb)
 
2x
Sn
 
6-3x
O
 
12

Other Names for Ixiolite

Synonyms:
IxionoliteKassiterotantalKimito-tantalitePseudo-Ixiolite
German names:
IxiolitIxionolit
Russian names:
Иксиолит
Spanish names:
IxiolitaIxionolita
Varieties:
Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstol)Scandian Ixiolite (of von Knorring)Wolframoixiolite

Other Information

Thermal Behaviour:heating above 700 degr. C induces order; either to wodginite structure or to columbite structure depending on chemistry
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:Ta-ore

References for Ixiolite

Reference List:Nordenskiöld (1857), Ann. Phys.: 101: 632.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 778.

Khvostova, V. A.; Maksimova, N. V. (1963): New discovery of ixiolite. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 148, 424-426 (in Russian).

Nickel, E. H.; Rowland, J. F.; McAdam, R. C. (1963): Ixiolite-a columbite substructure. American Mineralogist, 48, 961-979.

Grice, J. D., Ferguson, R. B., Hawthorne, F. C. (1976): The crystal structures of tantalite, ixiolite and wodginite from Bernic lake, Manitoba. I. Tantalite and ixiolite. Canadian Mineralogist 14, 540-549.

Polyakov, V. O.; Cherepivskaya, G. E. (1981): Ixiolite of the Ilmen Mountains. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 3, 67-75 (in Russian).

Wise, M.A., Černý, P., Falster, A.U. (1998): Scandium substitution in columbite-group minerals and ixiolite. Canadian Mineralogist 36, 673-680.

Internet Links for Ixiolite

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    Localities for Ixiolite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Tamanghasset Province
      • Ahaggar Mts (Hoggar Mts)
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite]
    Argentina
     
    • Salta
      • Nevados de Palermo
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
      • Pilbara Region
    		AmMin 13:457
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Horn
          • Eggenburg
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Carinthia II, 193./113 (2003) 195-216.
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/can.htm.
    • Ontario
      • Kenora District
        • Separation Rapids
    		ontariominerals.com
    China
     
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Quannan Co.
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Wen-Lan Zhang, Ren-Min Hua, and Ru-Cheng Wang (2003): Mineral Deposits [Kuangchuang Dizhi] 22(2), 158-165.
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Aletai (Altay) Prefecture
          • Fuyun Co.
    		[AmMin 84:688]
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
    		Breiter, K. et al. (2007): Mineralogy and Petrology, 91, 225-248.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg)
          • Maršíkov
    		Novák, M.: Maršíkov - Schinderhübel. In Exkurzní průvodce po mineralogických lokalitách na Sobotínsku. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2002, Olomouc, s. 34-37.
      • South Moravia Region
        • Tišnov
          • Drahonin
    		Škoda, R., Novák, M.: Akcesorické Nb-Ta-Ti minerály z pegmatitu v uranovém dole Drahonín, strážecké moldanubikum. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2004, roč. 89, s. 55 - 66.
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Škoda, R., Novák, M., Houzar, S.: Granitické NYF pegmatity třebíčského plutonu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2006, roč. 91, s. 129 - 176.
        • Velké Meziříčí
    		Škoda, R., Staněk, J., Čopjaková, R.: Minerální asociace fosfátových nodulí z granitického pegmatitu od Cyrilova u Velkého Meziříčí, Moldanubikum; část 1 – primární a exsoluční fáze. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2007, 92, 59-74.
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Novák, M.: Niobový a tantalový rutil – hojné variety rutilu. Minerál, 2004, roč. 12, č. 6, s. 428-431.
    Novák, M., Houzar, S., Pfeiferová, A.: Přehled mineralogie, petrografie a historie klasické lokality lepidolitového pegmatitu v Rožné u Bystřice nad Pernštejnem, západní Morava. Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. geol., 83:3-48.
    P. Pauliš (2001): Nejzajímavější naleziště Moravy a Slezska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora.
    P. Pauliš (2001): Nejzajímavější naleziště Moravy a Slezska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora.
    Ethiopia
     
    • Sidamo Province
      • Negele area
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Finland
     
    • Länsi-Suomen Lääni
      • Kimitö
    		Ann.Phys.Chem.(Poggendorf),(1857) 4th ser., 11, 625-634; Amer.Min.(1963) 48, 961-979
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Baveno
          • Oltrefiume
            • Mount Camoscio
    		• Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2004): Kristiansenite a Baveno, secondo ritrovamento mondiale della specie. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2004, 247-251.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
            • San Piero in Campo
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Can Min (2002) 40 (3), 799-814
    [var: Wolframoixiolite] Orlandi, P., & Pezzotta, F. (1997). Minerali dell'Isola d'Elba. Edizioni Novecento Grafico, Bergamo, 249 pp.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya [Eastern-Kazakhstan] Oblast')
      • Kalba Range
        • Irtysh River
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Vakinankaratra Region (Betafo - Antsirabé region)
    		Bull. Geol.Soc.Finland 41,75-77 (1969)
        • Sahatany Pegmatite Field (Mt Bity (Ibity) area)
          • Sahatany Valley
    		Ranorosoa, N (1986) : Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagscar. These de doctorat, Toulouse
    Ranorosoa, N (1986) : Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagscar. These de doctorat, Toulouse
    • Mahajanga (Majunga) Province
      • Betsiboka Region
        • Tsaratanàna Department
    		Bull. Geol.Soc.Finland 41,75-77 (1969)
    Mozambique
     
    • Zambezia Province
      • Alto Ligonha District
    		No reference listed
    P.M. Kartashov data
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Swakopmund District
        • Cape Cross area
    		http://www.mineral.tu-freiberg.de/econgeology/lehre/namibia/snlipegm/snlipegm_2_4.html
    • Kunene Region
      • Damaraland District
        • Uis (Groot Uis)
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Drangedal
        • Tørdal
    		No reference listed
    Pakistan
     
    • Northern Areas
      • Baltistan
        • Skardu District
          • Shigar Valley
    		Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut); Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
    Portugal
     
    • Bragança District
      • Freixo de Espada à Cinta
        • Riba de Alva
      • Vinhais
        • Ervedosa
    • Viseu District
      • Sátão
        • Ferreira de Aves
          • Aldeia Nova
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Ginzburg A.I. e.a. (1969) Zapiski VMO, v.98, N1, pp. 63-73.(in Rus.).
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
          • Krasny Chikoy
            • Malkhan pegmatite field (Malchan)
    		[MinRec 32:44]
    • Southern Siberia region
      • Eastern Sayan
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Southern Low Tatra Mts
        • Brusno
    		Uher, P. ,Černý, P., 1998 : Vzácnoprvková mineralizácia v granitových pegmatitoch Nízkych Tatier. Mineralia Slovaca, 30, 2,93 – 94
    • Bratislava Region
      • Malé Karpaty Mts
    		Uher P., Žitňan P., Ozdáín D., 2006: Compositional variations of pegmatite Nb-Ta mineral assemblage from the Limbach area, Malé karpaty Mts., Slovakia. Acta Miner.-Petrograph.,Abstract Series 5, Szeged, p.125
    Uher P., Žitňan P., Ozdín D., 2007: Pegmatitic Nb-Ta oxide minerals in alluvial placers from Limbach, Bratislava Massif, Western Carpathians, Slovakia: compositional variations and evolutionary trend. Journal of Geosciences, 52, 1-2, 133-141.
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Žilina Region
      • Northern Low Tatra Mts
    		Uher P., 2000: Stibiotantalit v pegmatite Sb ložiska Dúbrava - produkt hydrotermálnej alterácie kolumbitu-tantalitu. Min.Slovaca, Bratislava, 32, 109-114
    Sweden
     
    • Västerbotten
      • Skellefteå
    		No reference listed
    • Västergötland
      • Vänersborg
        • Väne Ryr
    Thailand
     
    • Pathum Thani Province
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 721-736.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Mount's Bay District
          • Breage
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Dailey District (Jones Pass District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Park Co.
    		AmMin 84:754-763
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • East Hampton
    		Rocks & Min.: 64:471.
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    • Texas
      • Burnet Co.
    		Self-Collected by Franklin Roberts
    • Wisconsin
      • Marathon Co.
        • Rib Mountain
        • Wausau pluton
          • "Rotten granite" quarries
    		www.uwrf.edu/~wc01
    Mineral and/or Locality
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