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Ixiolite

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Gundlebo, Väne Ryr, Vänersborg, Västergötland, Sweden
© B. Otter

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Formula:
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)
 
4
O
 
8
System:OrthorhombicColour:Steel-grey, black
Hardness:6 - 6½
Name:
After Ixion in Greek mythology, a character related to Tantalus, in allusion to the tantalum content of the material.


Complex oxide with disordered cation distribution (only one cation site in the asymmetric unit) and a unit cell equivalent to a subcell of columbite.

Some "ixiolites" are Nb-dominant and probably a new species (see ixiolite varieties).
Orthorhombic, although some varieties seem to be monoclinic-pseudoorthorhombic (Wise et al., 1998).

Classification of Ixiolite

IMA status:Approved 1962
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.17-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DB.25

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:8.1.10.1

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
1 : ABO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:18.1.41

18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U
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Type Occurrence of Ixiolite

Type Locality:Skogsböle (Skogböle), Kemiö Island (Kimito Island), Southwestern Finland Region, Finland
Year of Discovery:1857
Geological Setting of type material:Granitic pegmatite
Associated Minerals at type locality:
Tapiolite-(Fe)Feldspar Group

Occurrences of Ixiolite

Geological Setting:Ta-bearing granitic pegmatites

Physical Properties of Ixiolite

Lustre:Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Steel-grey, black
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 6½
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):7.03 - 7.23 g/cm3
Density (calculated):7.39 g/cm3

Crystallography of Ixiolite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:a = 5.73Å, b = 4.74Å, c = 5.16Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.209 : 1 : 1.089
Unit Cell Volume:V 140 ų
Morphology:Single crystals are "columbite-like", also as spherical aggregates. Rectangular prisms with {100}, {001}, and {010}.
Twinning:Twinned on {103} at times.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.65 (32)
2.98 (100)
2.87 (5)
2.57 (13)
2.51 (20)
2.37 (5)
2.265 (2)
2.213 (4)
2.104 (9)
2.017 (1)
1.915 (4)
1.826 (6)
1.772 (13)
1.746 (17)
1.722 (24)
1.554 (12)
1.521 (1)
1.490 (1)
1.459 (29)
1.380 (1)
Comments:The unit-cell is a sub-cell of columbite, with similar parameters except for b, which is one-third of the columbite b parameter.

Chemical Properties of Ixiolite

Formula:
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)
 
4
O
 
8
Essential elements:O, Ta
All elements listed in formula:Fe, Mn, Nb, O, Sn, Ta

Relationship of Ixiolite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.DB.05Argutite
GeO
 
2
4.DB.05Cassiterite
SnO
 
2
4.DB.05Plattnerite
PbO
 
2
4.DB.05Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
4.DB.05Rutile
TiO
 
2
4.DB.05Tripuhyite
Fe
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
4.DB.05Tugarinovite
MoO
 
2
4.DB.05Varlamoffite
(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.10Byströmite
MgSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Ordoñezite
ZnSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.15bAkhtenskite
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.15cNsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.15aParamontroseite
V
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.15aRamsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.20Scrutinyite
alpha-PbO
 
2
4.DB.25Ishikawaite
U
4+
 
Fe
2+
 
Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Y)
(Y,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,U,Th,Ca)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Srilankite
ZrTi
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.25Yttrocolumbite-(Y)
Y(U
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Calciosamarskite
(Ca,Fe
3+
 
,Y)
 
2
(Nb,Ta,Ti)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Yb)
(Yb,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.30Ferberite
FeWO
 
4
4.DB.30Hübnerite
MnWO
 
4
4.DB.30Sanmartinite
(Zn,Fe)WO
 
4
4.DB.30Krasnoselskite
CoWO
 
4
4.DB.30Heftetjernite
ScTaO
 
4
4.DB.30Huanzalaite
MgWO
 
4
4.DB.35Columbite-(Fe)
FeNb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Fe)
FeTa
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mn)
MnTa
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Qitianlingite
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
WO
 
10
4.DB.35Magnocolumbite
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.40Ferrowodginite
FeSnTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiotantite
Li(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiowodginite
LiTa
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Titanowodginite
MnTiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Wodginite
Mn(Sn,Ta)Ta
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Ferrotitanowodginite
Fe
2+
 
TiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Wolframowodginite
Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.45Tivanite
V
3+
 
TiO
 
3
(OH)
4.DB.50Carmichaelite
(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O
 
2-x
(OH)
 
x
]
4.DB.55Alumotantite
AlTaO
 
4
4.DB.60Biehlite
((Sb,As)O)
 
2
[MoO
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
18.1.1Lithiotantite
Li(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
8
18.1.2Lueshite
NaNbO
 
3
18.1.3Natroniobite
NaNbO
 
3
18.1.4Franconite
Na
 
2
Nb
 
4
O
 
11
 · 9H
 
2
O
18.1.5Natrotantite
Na
 
2
Ta
 
4
O
 
11
18.1.6Irtyshite
Na
 
2
(Ta,Nb)
 
4
O
 
11
18.1.7Rankamaite
(Na,K)
 
3
(Ta,Nb,Al)
 
11
(O,OH)
 
31
18.1.8Hydropyrochlore
(H
 
2
O,□)
 
2
Nb
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
(H
 
2
O)
18.1.9Calciotantite
CaTa
 
4
O
 
11
18.1.10Rynersonite
Ca(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.11Microlite Group
18.1.12Belyankinite
Ca
 
1-2
(Ti,Nb)
 
5
O
 
12
 · 9H
 
2
O (?)
18.1.13Latrappite
(Ca,Na)(Nb,Ti,Fe)O
 
3
18.1.14Hochelagaite
(Ca,Na,Sr)(Nb,Ti,Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
11
 · 8H
 
2
O
18.1.15Bariomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.16Parabariomicrolite
BaTa
 
4
O
 
10
(OH)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
18.1.17Bariopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.18Alumotantite
AlTaO
 
4
18.1.19Simpsonite
Al
 
4
(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
13
(OH,F)
18.1.20Sosedkoite
(K,Na)
 
5
Al
 
2
(Ta,Nb)
 
22
O
 
60
18.1.21Thoreaulite
(Sn
2+
 
,Pb)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.22Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.23Foordite
(Sn,Pb)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.24Changbaiite
PbNb
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.25Plumbopyrochlore (of Skorobogatova et al.)
18.1.26Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.27Stibiocolumbite
Sb(Nb,Ta)O
 
4
18.1.28Stibiotantalite
Sb(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
18.1.29Natrobistantite
18.1.30Cesplumtantite
(Cs,Na)
 
2
(Pb,Sb
3+
 
)
 
3
Ta
 
8
O
 
24
18.1.31Stibiomicrolite (of Groat et al.)
18.1.32Cesstibtantite
18.1.34Bismutotantalite
Bi(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
18.1.35Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.36Tantalite-(Mn)
MnTa
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.37Gerasimovskite
(Mn,Ca)(Nb,Ti)
 
5
O
 
12
 · 9H
 
2
O
18.1.38Tapiolite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.39Columbite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.40Wodginite
Mn(Sn,Ta)Ta
 
2
O
 
8
18.1.42Columbite-(Fe)
FeNb
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.43Tantalite-(Fe)
FeTa
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.44Columbite
(Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.45Tantalite
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.46Tapiolite
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.47Tapiolite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.48Columbite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.50Strüverite
(Ti,Ta,Fe)O
 
2
18.1.51 Staringite
(Fe,Mn)
 
x
(Ta,Nb)
 
2x
Sn
 
6-3x
O
 
12

Other Names for Ixiolite

Synonyms:
IxionoliteKassiterotantalKimito-tantalitePseudo-Ixiolite
Other Languages:
German:Ixiolit
Ixionolit
Russian:Иксиолит
Simplified Chinese:锡铁钽矿
Spanish:Ixiolita
Ixionolita
Varieties:
Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstol)Scandian Ixiolite (of von Knorring)Wolframoixiolite

Other Information

Thermal Behaviour:Heating above 700 °C induces order; either to wodginite structure or to columbite structure depending on chemistry.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:Ta-ore

References for Ixiolite

Reference List:

- +
Nordenskiöld (1857), Ann. Phys.: 101: 632.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 778.

Khvostova, V. A.; Maksimova, N. V. (1963): New discovery of ixiolite. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 148, 424-426 (in Russian).

Nickel, E. H.; Rowland, J. F.; McAdam, R. C. (1963): Ixiolite-a columbite substructure. American Mineralogist, 48, 961-979.

Grice, J. D., Ferguson, R. B., Hawthorne, F. C. (1976): The crystal structures of tantalite, ixiolite and wodginite from Bernic lake, Manitoba. I. Tantalite and ixiolite. Canadian Mineralogist 14, 540-549.

Polyakov, V. O.; Cherepivskaya, G. E. (1981): Ixiolite of the Ilmen Mountains. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 3, 67-75 (in Russian).

Wise, M.A., Černý, P., Falster, A.U. (1998): Scandium substitution in columbite-group minerals and ixiolite. Canadian Mineralogist 36, 673-680.

Internet Links for Ixiolite

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  • Ixiolite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Ixiolite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Tamanghasset Province
      • Ahaggar Mtn (Hoggar Mtn)
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite]
    Argentina
     
    • Salta
      • Nevados de Palermo
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); Galliski, M. A. (1983). Distrito minero El Quemado, Deptos. La Poma y Cachi, provincia de Salta. II. Geología de sus pegmatitas. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argentina, 38, 340-380.
    Galliski, M. A., & Černý, P. (2006). Geochemistry and structural state of columbite-group minerals in granitic pegmatites of the Pampean Ranges, Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44(3), 645-666.
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
      • Bridgetown-Greenbushes Shire
        • Greenbushes Tinfield
    		Partington, G.A. (1990) Environment and structural controls on the intrusion of the giant rare metal Greenbushes pegmatite, Western Australia. Economic Geology: 85: 437-456.; Econ Geol (1995) 90:616-635
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Coolgardie
    		Grguric, B. A. & Downes, P. J. (2008): Pegmatite minerals from the Barabara mine, Coolgardie, Western Australia. Australian J. of Mineralogy 14, 55-60.
        • Nepean
    		M. Jacobson, M. Calderwood, B. Grguric; Pegmatites of Western Australia; (Perth 2007)
      • Port Hedland Shire
    		AmMin 13:457
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Weinzierl am Walde
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Carinthia II, 193./113 (2003) 195-216.
    Brazil
     
    • Paraíba
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Frei Martinho
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
        • Nova Palmeira
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228
        • Pedra Lavrada
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
    • Rio Grande do Norte
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Acari
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
    Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.; - Beurlen, H.; Müller, A.; Silva, D.; Da Silva, M.R.R. (2011): Petrogenetic significance of LA-ICP-MS trace-element data on quartz from the Borborema Pegmatite Province, northeast Brazil. Mineral. Mag. 75, 2703-2719.
        • Carnaúba dos Dantas
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
        • Parelhas
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
    Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Bird River Greenstone Belt
        • Greer Lake
    		Can. Min. 36, 547
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    		Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 11,pp.591-608 (1972)
    • Northwest Territories
      • Coppermine River area
    		Can. Min. 36, 547
      • Mackenzie District
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/can.htm.; Badham 91978), Davidson (1978 & 1983)
    SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
    Sheard, E.R. (2010); SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
    • Ontario
      • Kenora District
        • Separation Rapids (Separation Lake area)
    		ontariominerals.com
    China
     
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Beihu District
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Guangming Yang, Su Wang, Zhizhong Peng, and Jingzhen Bu (1985): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 5(3), 193-198
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Quannan Co.
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Wen-Lan Zhang, Ren-Min Hua, and Ru-Cheng Wang (2003): Mineral Deposits [Kuangchuang Dizhi] 22(2), 158-165.
    • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture)
        • Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture)
          • Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.)
    		[AmMin 84:688]
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald)
          • Krásno (Schönfeld)
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Miloš René und Radek Škoda (2011): Nb-Ta-Ti oxides fractionation in rare-metal granites: Krásno-Horní Slavkov ore district, Czech Republic. Mineralogy and Petrology 103, 37-48.
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
            • Horní Blatná (Platten) District
    		Breiter, K. et al. (2007): Mineralogy and Petrology, 91, 225-248.
      • Plzeň Region
        • Sušice (Schüttenhofen)
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Černý P., Dostál S., Vítovec J.: Pegmatit z Podmokel u Sušice. Minerál, 2009, 17, 1, 73-76.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg)
          • Maršíkov (Marchendorf)
    		Novák, M.: Maršíkov - Schinderhübel. In Exkurzní průvodce po mineralogických lokalitách na Sobotínsku. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2002, Olomouc, s. 34-37.
      • South Moravia Region
        • Tišnov
          • Drahonín
    		Škoda, R., Novák, M.: Akcesorické Nb-Ta-Ti minerály z pegmatitu v uranovém dole Drahonín, strážecké moldanubikum. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2004, roč. 89, s. 55 - 66.
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Škoda, R., Novák, M., Houzar, S.: Granitické NYF pegmatity třebíčského plutonu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2006, roč. 91, s. 129 - 176.
        • Velké Meziříčí
    		Škoda, R., Staněk, J., Čopjaková, R.: Minerální asociace fosfátových nodulí z granitického pegmatitu od Cyrilova u Velkého Meziříčí, Moldanubikum; část 1 – primární a exsoluční fáze. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2007, 92, 59-74.
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Novák, M.: Niobový a tantalový rutil – hojné variety rutilu. Minerál, 2004, roč. 12, č. 6, s. 428-431.
    Novák, M., Houzar, S., Pfeiferová, A.: Přehled mineralogie, petrografie a historie klasické lokality lepidolitového pegmatitu v Rožné u Bystřice nad Pernštejnem, západní Morava. Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. geol., 83:3-48.
    P. Pauliš (2001): Nejzajímavější naleziště Moravy a Slezska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora.
    P. Pauliš (2001): Nejzajímavější naleziště Moravy a Slezska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
    		Voloshin A.V., Pakhomovskii Ya.A. (1988) Mineralogy of tantalum and niobium in rare-metal pegmatites, - Leningrad, Nauka, p. 240 (in Rus.)
    Egypt
     
    • Red Sea Governorate
      • Eastern Desert
        • Marsa Alam
    		Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.
    Helba, H., Trumbull, R.B., Morteani, G., Khalil, S.O., and Arslan, A. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 164-179.
    Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.
    Ethiopia
     
    • Sidamo-Borana Province
      • Kenticha pegmatite field
    		Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.; A Geological Excursion To The Mesozoic Sediments Of The Abay Basin ( Blue Nile), Recent Volcanics Of The Ethiopian Main Rift And Basement Rocks Of The Adola Rea, Ethiopia. Mitt. Österr. Miner. Ges. 147 (2002)
    Finland
     
    • Southern Finland Region
      • Tammela
    		Wilke, H.-J. (1976): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 4: Skandinavien. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 370 pp. (in German)
    • Southwestern Finland Region
      • Kemiö Island (Kimito Island)
    		Ann.Phys.Chem.(Poggendorf),(1857) 4th ser., 11, 625-634; Amer.Min.(1963) 48, 961-979
    • Western and Inner Finland Region
      • Orivesi
        • Eräjärvi area
    		Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
    Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
    Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
    Lahti, S. (2000): Compositional variation in columbite group minerals from different types of granitic pegmatites of the Eräjärvi district,South Finland. Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 45 (1-2),107-118
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
    		Berbain,C., Riley, T., Favreau, G., (2012): Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères (Pyrénées-Orientales). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs. 117, 121-172
    • Limousin
      • Creuse
        • Soumans
          • Montebras
    		Patureau, J., Chiappero, P-J. & Lebocey, J. (2011): Mines et minéraux de Montebras, Soumans, Creuse. Le Règne Minéral. 99, 5-33
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Baveno
          • Oltrefiume
            • Mount Camoscio
    		Grill, E. (1935): I minerali del granito di Baveno, la fayalite. Periodico di Mineralogia, 129-133. - Gallitelli, P. (1936): Le miche del granito di Baveno. . Periodico di Mineralogia, 61-76 - Pagliani, G. (1948): Le Zeoliti del granito di Baveno. Periodico di Mineralogia, 175-188. - Ravagnani, D. (1974): I giacimenti uraniferi italiani - Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Ed., Milano, 188 pp. - min. Rec. 14 (3), 157-168 - Am. Min. 83, 1330-1334 (1998) - Am. Min. 84, 782-789 (1999). - Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2004): Kristiansenite a Baveno, second ritrovamento Mondiale della specie. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2004, 247-251. - Guastoni, A., Demartin, F., Pezzotta, F. (2004): Sekaninaite delle pegmatiti granitiche di Feriolo e Baveno (VB). Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 145, 59-68. - Mineralogist americano (2005) 90, 1442-1452.
    • Guastoni, A. & Pezzotta, F. (2004): Kristiansenite a Baveno, secondo ritrovamento mondiale della specie. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2004, 247-251.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
            • San Piero in Campo
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Can Min (2002) 40 (3), 799-814
    [var: Wolframoixiolite] Orlandi, P., & Pezzotta, F. (1997). Minerali dell'Isola d'Elba. Edizioni Novecento Grafico, Bergamo, 249 pp.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
      • Kalba Range
        • Irtysh River
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert)
    		Jeremolenko, V. (2002): Kara-Oba: Mineralogische Perle der Betpak-Ebene bei Dzhambul, Kasachstan. Lapis 27 (4), 13-34 + 50
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Vakinankaratra Region
    		[var: Scandian Ixiolite (of von Knorring)] v. Knorring, O. V., Sahama, Th.G. (1969): Scandian ixiolite from Mozambique and Madagascar. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland. 41: 75-77
        • Sahatany Pegmatite Field (Mt Ibity area)
          • Sahatany Valley
    		Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
    [var: Wolframoixiolite] Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de doctorat de L'Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
    Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
    • Mahajanga Province (Majunga)
      • Boeny Region
        • Ambato-Boeni District
    		Bull. Geol.Soc.Finland 41,75-77 (1969)
    Mozambique
     
    • Zambezia Province
      • Alto Ligonha District
    P.M. Kartashov data
    Dias, M. Bettencourt and Wilson, W. E., 2000, Mineralogical Record, 31:459-497.
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Swakopmund District
        • Cape Cross area
    		http://www.mineral.tu-freiberg.de/econgeology/lehre/namibia/snlipegm/snlipegm_2_4.html
    • Kunene Region
      • Damaraland District
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Mineralien und Fundstellen. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern: 417 (in English).
    Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Mineralien und Fundstellen. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern: 417 (in English).
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Drangedal
        • Tørdal
    		[var: Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstol)] Bergstøl, S. & Juve, G. (1988): Scandian ixiolite, pyrochlore and bazzite in granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. A contribution to the mineralogy and geochemistry of scandium and tin. Mineral. Petrol., 38, 229-243; Raade, G. & Kristiansen, R. (2000a): Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter. 17, 19-25
    Pakistan
     
    • Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas)
      • Baltistan
        • Skardu District
          • Shigar Valley
    		Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut); Dudley Blauwet, Bill Smith and Carol Smith (2004) Table of mineral localities of the northern areas of Pakistan and other selected sites. (in "Pakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majesty", Lapis International, East Hampton, Connecticut)
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Dzierżoniów District
        • Piława Górna
    		PIECZKA et al. 2010: Nb-Ta minerals in pegmatites in the DSS mine at Piława Górna, Góry Sowie Block, southwestern Poland. Mineralogia - Special Papers, 37.
    Portugal
     
    • Bragança District
      • Freixo de Espada à Cinta
        • Poiares
      • Vinhais
        • Ervedosa
    • Viseu District
      • Sátão
        • Ferreira de Aves
          • Aldeia Nova
    		International Geological Congress (2008) MRD-06 Geology and geoeconomical potential of pegmatite deposits: A case study
    Romania
     
    • Suceava Co.
      • Suceava district
        • Iacobeni (Jakobeny; Jacobeny; Jakabfalva)
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Ginzburg A.I. e.a. (1969) Zapiski VMO, v.98, N1, pp. 63-73.(in Rus.).
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
          • Krasnyi Chikoy
            • Malkhan pegmatite field (Malchan; "Malechansk")
    		[MinRec 32:44]
    [var: Scandian Ixiolite (of von Knorring)] Badanina, E.V., Gordienko, V.V., Wiechowski, A., and Friedrich, G. (2008): Geology of ore Deposits 50(8), 772-781.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Voron'i Tundry
    		dan weinrich
    • Southern Siberia
      • Sayan Mts
        • Eastern Sayan
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Rwanda
     
    • Kabaya District
      • Sebeya river
    		Daltry, V. and O. von Korring (1998) Type-mineralogy of Rawanda with particular reference to the Buranga pegmatite. Geologica Belgica 1:9-11.
    Saudi Arabia
     
    • Mintaqah 'Asir
    		Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Banská Bystrica Co.
        • Brusno
    		Uher, P. ,Černý, P., 1998 : Vzácnoprvková mineralizácia v granitových pegmatitoch Nízkych Tatier. Mineralia Slovaca, 30, 2,93 – 94
    • Bratislava Region
      • Pezinok Co.
        • Pezinok
          • Slnečné Valley
    		Uher P., Žitňan P., Ozdín D., 2007: Pegmatitic Nb-Ta oxide minerals in alluvial placers from Limbach, Bratislava Massif, Western Carpathians, Slovakia: compositional variations and evolutionary trend. Journal of Geosciences, 52, 1-2, 133-141.
    • Košice Region
      • Rožňava Co.
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Žilina Region
      • Liptovský Mikuláš Co.
    		Uher P., 2000: Stibiotantalit v pegmatite Sb ložiska Dúbrava - produkt hydrotermálnej alterácie kolumbitu-tantalitu. Min.Slovaca, Bratislava, 32, 109-114
    Sweden
     
    • Västerbotten
      • Skellefteå
    		No reference listed
    • Västergötland
      • Vänersborg
        • Väne Ryr
    Tajikistan
     
    • Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan (Viloyati Badakhshoni Kuni)
      • Pamir Mts
        • Khorog Region
          • Shakhdara Range
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Thailand
     
    • Pathum Thani Province (Prathum Thani Province)
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 721-736.
    • Phuket Province
    		Econ Geol (1995) 90:603-615
    Econ Geol (1995) 90:603-615
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Mount's Bay District
          • Breage
    		No reference listed
    Ukraine
     
    • Zhytomyr Oblast' (Zhitomir Oblast')
    		Lyckberg, P., Chornousenko, V. & Wilson, W. E. (2009): Volodarsk-Volynski, Zhitomir Oblast, Ukraine. Mineralogical Record, 40, 473-506.
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Dailey District (Jones Pass District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Park Co.
    		AmMin 84:754-763
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • East Hampton
    		Rocks & Min.: 64:471; www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/ixiolite.pdf
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    • Texas
      • Burnet Co.
    		Self-Collected by Franklin Roberts
    • Wisconsin
      • Marathon Co.
    		[var: Wolframoixiolite] Rocks & Min. (2007) 82:233
        • Wausau pluton
          • "Rotten granite" quarries
    		www.uwrf.edu/~wc01
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