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Kalsilite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About KalsiliteHide

Formula:
KAlSiO4
Colour:
Colorless, white, gray
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
2.59 - 2.62
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
The name reflects its chemical composition: potassium (latin, kalium), aluminium and silicium
Dimorph of:
A feldspathoid, usually rare but a rock-forming component of some potassium-rich silica-deficient igneous rocks.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2142
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2142:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
9801a1b6-880a-4002-b987-b2aa3c700881

IMA Classification of KalsiliteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1942

Classification of KalsiliteHide

9.FA.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
A : Tektosilicates without additional non-tetrahedral anions
76.2.1.1

76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
2 : Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species
16.3.3

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
3 : Aluminosilicates of K

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
KlsIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
KlsKretz (1983)Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
KlsSiivolam & Schmid (2007)Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
KlsWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
KlsThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of KalsiliteHide

Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless, white, gray
Streak:
White
Hardness:
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Poor on {1010}, {0001}
Density:
2.59 - 2.62 g/cm3 (Measured)    

Optical Data of KalsiliteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.538 - 1.543 nε = 1.532 - 1.537
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.006
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low

Chemistry of KalsiliteHide

Mindat Formula:
KAlSiO4
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mg,Ca,Na

Crystallography of KalsiliteHide

Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6 2 2 - Trapezohedral
Space Group:
P63 2 2
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.1589 Å, c = 8.6682(3) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.68
Unit Cell V:
199.79 ų
Twinning:
Ubiquitous on a microscopic scale, on {10-10}, {33-65},
and {11-22}.
Comment:
Date from Uchida et al. (2006); previous studies have provided several space groups for kalsilite: P6322 (Bannister and Hey, 1942), P63 (Perrotta et al., 1965), P63mc (Dollase and Freeborn, 1977), and P31c (Cellai et al., 1997).

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0001874KalsiliteCellai D, Bonazzi P, Carpenter M A (1997) Natural kalsilite, KAlSiO4, with P31c symmetry: Crystal structure and twinning American Mineralogist 82 276-27919970293
0002336KalsiliteCellai D, Gesing T M, Wruck B, Carpenter M A (1999) X-ray study of the trigonal-hexagonal phase transition in metamorphic kalsilite American Mineralogist 84 1950-195519990293
0005052KalsiliteGatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-10342010a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India0298
0005053KalsiliteGatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-10342010a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India0250
0005054KalsiliteGatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-10342010a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India0200
0005055KalsiliteGatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-10342010a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India0150
0005056KalsiliteGatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-10342010a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India0100
0005057KalsiliteGatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-10342010a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India0175
0005058KalsiliteGatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-10342010a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India0225
0005059KalsiliteGatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-10342010a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India0275
0014424KalsiliteAndou Y, Kawahara A (1984) The refinement of the structure of synthetic kalsilite Mineralogical Journal 12 153-1611984synthetic0293
0014429KalsiliteKawahara A, Andou Y, Marumo F, Okuno M (1987) The crystal structure of high temperature form of kalsilite (KAlSiO4) at 950 C Mineralogical Journal 13 260-27019870293
0014442KalsilitePerrotta A J, Smith J V (1965) The crystal structure of kalsilite, KAlSiO4 Mineralogical Magazine 35 588-5951965Mt. Nyiragongo, Congo0293
0014443KalsilitePerrotta A J, Smith J V (1965) The crystal structure of kalsilite, KAlSiO4 Mineralogical Magazine 35 588-5951965Mt. Nyiragongo, Congo0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.118 Å(100)
2.579 Å(50)
3.973 Å(45)
2.175 Å(17)
2.472 Å(15)
4.351 Å(12)
2.432 Å(10)
Comments:
Data for synthetic material

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust>4.50
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56)<0.36

Type Occurrence of KalsiliteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Colorless grains to 0.1 mm
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
1) The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1942,42.
2) Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 101998.
3) National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 105856.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Bannister, F.A., Hey, M.H. (1942) Kalsilite, a polymorph of KAlSiO4, from Uganda. Mineralogical Magazine: 26: 218-225.

Synonyms of KalsiliteHide

Other Language Names for KalsiliteHide

Relationship of Kalsilite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
Cancrinite GroupA large, structurally complex group of alumosilicates.
CarnegieiteNaAlSiO4Tric.
Davidsmithite(Ca,◻)2Na6Al8Si8O32Hex. 6 : P63
LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)Tet. 4/m : I41/a
MetaleuciteA name for isometric leucite that is stable above 625 degrees C.
NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)Hex. 6 : P63
Sodalite GroupThe Sodalite Group is characterised by sodalite-type stacking of alumosilicate building units that produces Cubo ...
TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3Hex. 6 : P63
TrinephelineNaAlSiO4 Hex. 6 : P61
Yoshiokaite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)O4]Trig. 3 : P3

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
9 photos of Kalsilite associated with ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
7 photos of Kalsilite associated with AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
5 photos of Kalsilite associated with Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
5 photos of Kalsilite associated with FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
5 photos of Kalsilite associated with MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4
3 photos of Kalsilite associated with TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
3 photos of Kalsilite associated with FluorophlogopiteKMg3(Si3Al)O10F2
2 photos of Kalsilite associated with MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
2 photos of Kalsilite associated with CalciteCaCO3
2 photos of Kalsilite associated with NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.FA.HexacelsianBaAl2Si2O8Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm
9.FA.Wodegongjieite KCa3(Al7Si9)O32Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mcc
9.FA.05KaliophiliteKAlSiO4Trig. 3 : P3
9.FA.05NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)Hex. 6 : P63
9.FA.05Panunzite(K,Na)AlSiO4Hex. 6 : P63
9.FA.05TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3Hex. 6 : P63
9.FA.05Yoshiokaite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)O4]Trig. 3 : P3
9.FA.05CarnegieiteNaAlSiO4Tric.
9.FA.05 vaGermanate-nepheline(Na,K)AlGeO4
9.FA.05MegakalsiliteKAlSiO4Hex. 6 : P63
9.FA.05TrinephelineNaAlSiO4 Hex. 6 : P61
9.FA.05Davidsmithite(Ca,◻)2Na6Al8Si8O32Hex. 6 : P63
9.FA.10MalinkoiteNaBSiO4Hex. 6 : P63
9.FA.15VirgiliteLiAlSi2O6Hex. 6 2 2 : P62 2 2
9.FA.25LisitsyniteKBSi2O6Orth. 2 2 2 : P2 2 2
9.FA.30Buddingtonite(NH4)(AlSi3O8)Mon. 2 : P21
9.FA.30CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)Mon. 2/m
9.FA.30MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)Tric. 1
9.FA.30OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.FA.30SanidineK(AlSi3O8)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.FA.30RubiclineRb(AlSi3O8)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.FA.30 vaGermanate-celsianBaAl2Ge2O8
9.FA.30MonalbiteNaAlSi3O8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.FA.30FerrisanidineK[Fe3+Si3O8]Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.FA.35AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)Tric. 1
9.FA.35AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)Tric. 1 : P1
9.FA.35ReedmergneriteNaBSi3O8Tric. 1 : P1
9.FA.40ParacelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.FA.45SvyatoslaviteCa(Al2Si2O8)Mon. 2 : P21
9.FA.45KumdykoliteNa(AlSi3O8)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
9.FA.50SlawsoniteSr(Al2Si2O8)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.FA.55LisetiteCaNa2Al4Si4O16Orth. mm2
9.FA.60BanalsiteNa2BaAl4Si4O16Orth. mm2 : Iba2
9.FA.60StronalsiteNa2SrAl4Si4O16Orth.
9.FA.65DanburiteCaB2Si2O8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.FA.65MaleeviteBaB2Si2O8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.FA.65PekoviteSrB2Si2O8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.FA.70StöffleriteCaAl2Si2O8Tet. 4/m : I4/m
9.FA.70Lingunite(Na,Ca)AlSi3O8Tet. 4/m : I4/m
9.FA.70LiebermanniteKAlSi3O8Tet. 4/m : I4/m
9.FA.75KokchetaviteK(AlSi3O8)Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mcc

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Readily attacked by dilute hydrochloric acid giving a gelatinous liquid.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Kalsilite in petrologyHide

Internet Links for KalsiliteHide

References for KalsiliteHide

Reference List:

Localities for KalsiliteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • Queen Maud Land
Riley et al. (2009)
Riley et al. (2009)
Austria
 
  • Styria
    • Südoststeiermark District
      • Klöch
Exel (1993)
Azerbaijan
 
  • Yardymli District
Gupta (2015)
Bermuda
 
Brazil
 
  • Goiás
    • Amorinópolis
iavcei2004.free.cl (n.d.)
  • Mato Grosso
    • Juína kimberlite field
Thomson et al. (2014)
Revista Brasileira de Geociências 30 (3)
  • Santa Catarina
1995 +2 other references
Canada
 
  • Northwest Territories
    • Lac de Gras
      • Ekati Mine
Abersteiner et al. (2020)
  • Nunavut
    • Qikiqtaaluk Region
      • Baffin Island
Hogarth (1997)
  • Québec
    • Montérégie
      • Brome-Missisquoi RCM
PHILPOTTS et al. (1967)
Chile
 
  • Tarapacá
    • Tamarugal Province
Zori et al. (2013)
Czech Republic
 
  • Prague
Ettler et al. (2015)
DR Congo
 
  • North Kivu
    • Nyiragongo Territory
Richard +17 other references
Sahama et al. (1958)
Mineralogical Magazine 1957 31 : ... +1 other reference
France
 
  • Occitanie
    • Aveyron
      • Rodez
        • Sévérac-d'Aveyron
publication date: November 2018 +2 other references
Germany
 
  • Hesse
    • Kassel Region
      • Schwalm-Eder
        • Fritzlar
          • Lohne
Collection of Walter Göttler
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Mayen
Hentschel (1987)
      • Vordereifel
        • Ettringen
          • Caspar quarry
in the collection of Christof Schäfer
    • Vulkaneifel
      • Daun
        • Üdersdorf
Hentschel (1983)
      • Gerolstein
        • Gerolstein
          • Roth
Blaß et al. (2013)
        • Hillesheim
Blass
        • Hohenfels-Essingen
Blass
Greenland
 
  • Sermersooq
    • Kangerlussuaq Fjord
      • Prinsen af Wales Bjerge
Brooks et al. (1981) +1 other reference
India
 
  • Andhra Pradesh
    • Visakhapatnam District
      • Paderu
Gondwana Research 3 (1) +1 other reference
  • Kerala
    • Kollam District
      • Pathanapuram
Sandiford et al. (1991) +3 other references
Israel
 
  • Southern District (HaDarom District)
    • Tamar Regional Council
Galuskin et al. (2015)
      • Hatrurim Basin
Galuskina et al. (2017)
Krzątała et al. (2023)
Galuskin et al. (2016)
Italy
 
  • Abruzzo
    • L'Aquila Province
      • Carsoli
        • Pietrasecca
Bertolani et al. (1994) +2 other references
  • Campania
    • Naples
      • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
[Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23
          • Pollena Trocchia
Russo et al. (2004)
  • Lazio
    • Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
      • Marino
AA. VV.
      • Sacrofano
Mazzi F. (1981)
    • Rieti Province
      • Rieti
        • Santa Rufina
F. Stoppa and Y. Liu +6 other references
    • Viterbo Province
Di Battistini et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Di Battistini et al. (1998) +1 other reference
  • Umbria
    • Perugia Province
      • Spoleto
Laurenzi et al. (1994) +8 other references
    • Terni Province
      • San Venanzo
Mittempergher (1965) +6 other references
Mexico
 
  • Jalisco
    • Colima volcanic complex
Alok Krishna Gupta (2015)
Middle East
 
Vapnik et al. (2006)
Mongolia
 
  • Töv Province
    • Choir-Nyalga basin
Peretyazhko et al. (2017) +1 other reference
Morocco
 
  • Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab Region
    • Aousserd Province
Bea et al. (2013)
Namibia
 
  • Khomas Region
    • Windhoek Rural
      • Aris
Joachim Esche collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD + EDS)
Koller F et al. (2014)
Norway
 
  • Telemark
    • Skien
Jamtveit et al. (1997)
Pacific Ocean
 
  • Magellan Seamounts
Peretyazhko et al. (2022)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Kłodzko County
      • Gmina Nowa Ruda
        • Przygórze
          • Bolesław Mine
Kruszewski et al. (Lower Silesian Coal Basin)
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Katowice
Warchulski et al. (2016) +1 other reference
Warchulski et al. (2015)
    • Piekary Śląskie
      • Brzeziny Śląskie
        • Orzeł Biały mine
Warchulski et al. (2015)
Russia
 
  • Aldan Shield
    • Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence
[Lapis 1993:4 p.13-20]
        • Ditmar stream
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references
  • Irkutsk Oblast
    • Lake Baikal area
Sklyarov +5 other references
Mitchell et al. (1993) +1 other reference
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Milkovsky District
      • Tolbachik Volcanic field
        • Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture)
          • Northern Breakthrough (North Breach)
            • Second scoria cone
Shchipalkina et al. (2020)
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Evenkiysky District
Sokol et al. (2019) +1 other reference
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Khibiny Massif
Ageeva et al. (2004)
      • Koashva Mt
Khomyakov et al. (2002)
Pekov et al. (2004)
Ageeva et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Bea et al. (2014)
    • Lovozersky District
Pakhomovsky et al. (2014)
Pekov et al. (2008)
  • Sakha
    • Aldan
Gupta (2015)
South Africa
 
  • Free State
    • Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality
      • Setsoto Local Municipality
        • Clocolan
Kamenetsky et al. (2014)
  • Northern Cape
    • Frances Baard District Municipality
      • Sol Plaatje Local Municipality
        • Kimberley
          • KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine)
Giuliani et al. (2012)
Tajikistan
 
  • Gorno-Badakhshan
Solovova et al. (2006, October)
Uganda (TL)
 
  • Central Region
    • Gomba
Bannister et al. (1942)
UK
 
  • Scotland
    • Highland
      • Eilean á Chèo
        • Isle of Skye
Beard et al. (2007)
USA
 
  • Montana
    • Chouteau County
      • Highwood Mountains
Kuehner et al. (2003, June)
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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