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Kanonaite

A valid IMA mineral species
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00120230014956560587431.jpg
Kanonaite

Le Coreux, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
04435560014946547659577.jpg
Kanonaite

Le Coreux, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
01121130014960826622318.jpg
Kanonaite

Le Coreux, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
09622150014950353566423.jpg
Kanonaite

Le Coreux, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
04982770014965225028357.jpg
Kanonaite

Le Coreux, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
01121130014960826622318.jpg
Kanonaite

Le Coreux, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
09622150014950353566423.jpg
Kanonaite

Le Coreux, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
04435560014946547659577.jpg
Kanonaite

Le Coreux, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
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About KanonaiteHide

Formula:
Mn3+Al(SiO4)O
Colour:
Greenish black
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
6½
Specific Gravity:
3.395 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by S. Vrana, M. Rieder, and J. Podlaha in 1978 for Kanona, a town near the type locality in Zambia.
Isostructural with:
Andalusite
Andalusite-Kanonaite Series.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2155
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2155:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
0d24d3d3-c13a-4501-8f07-b35528ef7028

IMA Classification of KanonaiteHide

Classification of KanonaiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
9.AF.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
Dana 8th ed.:
52.2.2b.2

52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
2 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and >[4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:
16.16.1

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
16 : Aluminosilicates of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
KanIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
KanThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of KanonaiteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Greenish black
Streak:
Gray green
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=906 - 1017 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
on {110} poor
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.395 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of KanonaiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.702 nβ = 1.730 nγ = 1.823
2V:
Measured: 53° to 90°, Calculated: 62°
Birefringence:
0.121
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.121
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v weak
Optical Extinction:
Parallel.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = Yellow green
Y = Bluish green
Z = deep golden yellow

Chemistry of KanonaiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Mn3+Al(SiO4)O
Elements listed:
Al, Mn, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Ti,Fe,Cu,Zn,Pb,Mg,Ca,Ba

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:
 1
SiO232.37 %
Al2O333.71 %
Mn2O331.48 %
Fe2O32.22 %
Total:99.78 %
Empirical formulas:
Sample IDEmpirical Formula
1(Mn3+0.73Al0.21Fe3+0.05)Al1.00O1.00[Si0.99Al0.01O4]
Sample references:
IDLocalityReferenceNotes
1Le Coreux, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium
Frank K. Mazdab collection; sample FKM-336; https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-326-to-fkm-350/#FKM-336
Kanonaite-dominant rims of zoned kanonaite-andalusite porphyroblasts in schist.

Crystallography of KanonaiteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnnm
Setting:
Pnnm
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.959(2) Å, b = 8.047(2) Å, c = 5.616(1) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.989 : 1 : 0.698
Unit Cell V:
359.68 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Anhedral nodular porphyroblasts to 1.2 cm.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000833KanonaiteWeiss Z, Bailey S W, Rieder M (1981) Refinement of the crystal structure of kanonaite, (Mn,Al)(Al,Mn)O[SiO4] American Mineralogist 66 561-56719810293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
5.66 Å(100)
4.59 Å(60)
3.99 Å(20)
2.83 Å(40)
2.52 Å(40)
2.30 Å(20)
1.513 Å(20)
Comments:
ICDD 42-575

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Geological Setting:
Metamorphic rocks

Type Occurrence of KanonaiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Kanonaite type locality, Kanona, Chitambo District, Central Province, Zambia
General Appearance of Type Material:
Anhedral, nodular porphyroblasts up to 12 mm long, enclosing patchy aggregates of coronadite and gahnite and coated by Mg-chlorite and coronadite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, 17352.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 144523.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Porphyroblasts in low grade gahnite schist.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
QuartzGahniteCordieriteChlorite Group
Reference:
VrĂĄna, S., Rieder, M., Podlaha, J. (1978) Kanonaite, a new mineral isotype with andalusite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 66: 325-332.

Synonyms of KanonaiteHide

Other Language Names for KanonaiteHide

Relationship of Kanonaite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Kanonaite associated with MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
2 photos of Kanonaite associated with GahniteZnAl2O4
2 photos of Kanonaite associated with ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
2 photos of Kanonaite associated with CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
2 photos of Kanonaite associated with QuartzSiO2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.AF.ChegemiteCa7(SiO4)3(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.BarwooditeMn2+6Nb5+(SiO4)2O3(OH)3Trig. 3 : P3
9.AF.Jingwenite-(Y)YAlV4+(SiO4)O2(OH)2Mon. 2/m
9.AF.05SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.05XenoliteAl10Si8O31
9.AF.10AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
9.AF.15KyaniteAl2(SiO4)OTric. 1 : P1
9.AF.20MulliteAl4+2xSi2-2xO10-xOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbam
9.AF.20KrieseliteAl2(GeO4)F2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.AF.23BoromulliteAl9BSi2O19Orth. mm2 : Cmc21
9.AF.25YoderiteMg(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)2O(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.AF.30MagnesiostauroliteMg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.AF.30StauroliteFe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.AF.30ZincostauroliteZn2Al9Si4O23(OH)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.AF.35TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.40NorbergiteMg3(SiO4)F2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.45AlleghanyiteMn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.45ChondroditeMg5(SiO4)2F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.45ReinhardbraunsiteCa5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.45KumtyubeiteCa5(SiO4)2F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.45HydroxylchondroditeMg5(SiO4)2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.50HumiteMg7(SiO4)3F2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.AF.50Manganhumite(Mn2+,Mg)7(SiO4)3(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.50Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite)Ca7(SiO4)4F2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.50FluorchegemiteCa7(SiO4)3F2 Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.50Unnamed (OH-analogue of humite)Mg7(SiO4)3(OH)2Orth.
9.AF.55ClinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.55SonoliteMn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.55HydroxylclinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.60LeucophoeniciteMn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.65RibbeiteMn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.70JerrygibbsiteMn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
9.AF.75FranciscaniteMn2+6(V5+,◻)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6Trig. 3 : P3
9.AF.75ÖrebroiteMn2+3(Sb5+,Fe3+)(SiO4)(O,OH)3Trig. 3 : P3
9.AF.75WeliniteMn2+6(W6+,Mg)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6Trig. 3 : P3
9.AF.75ScorticoiteMn6(Sb,◻)Σ2(SiO4)2O3(OH)3Trig. 3 : P3
9.AF.80EllenbergeriteMg6(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)2(Al,Mg)6Si8O28(OH)10Hex. 6 : P63
9.AF.85Chloritoid(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.AF.85MagnesiochloritoidMgAl2(SiO4)O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.AF.85OttrĂŠlite(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2Mon.
9.AF.90PoldervaartiteCaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
9.AF.90OlmiiteCaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
9.AF.95Pilawite-(Y)Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b

Fluorescence of KanonaiteHide

In UV light:
Not fluorescent.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for KanonaiteHide

References for KanonaiteHide

Reference List:
VrĂĄna, S., Rieder, M., Podlaha, J. (1978) Kanonaite, (Mn 0.76 3+ Al0.23Fe 0.02 3+ )[6]Al[5][O|SiO4], a new mineral isotypic with andalusite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 66 (3) 325-332 doi:10.1007/bf00373417
VrĂĄna, S., Rieder, M., Podlaha, J. (1978) Kanonaite, a new mineral isotype with andalusite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 66: 325-332.
Kramm, Ulrich (1979) Kanonaite-rich viridines from the Venn-Stavelot Massif, Belgian Ardennes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 69 (4) 387-395 doi:10.1007/bf00372264
Fleischer, Michael, Chao, George Y., Mandarino, J. A. (1979) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 64 (5-6) 652-659
Abs-Wurmbach, I., Langer, K., Seifert, F., Tillmanns, E. (1981) The crystal chemistry of (Mn3+x Fe3+) substituted andalusites (viridines and kanonaite), (Al 1-x-y Mn x 3+Fe y 3+)2(O|SiO4): crystal structure refinements, MĂśssbauer, and polarized optical absorption spectra. Zeitschrift fĂźr Kristallographie, 155, 81-113.
Weiss, Z., Bailey, S.W., Rieder, M. (1981) Refinement of the crystal structure of kanonaite, (Mn3+,Al)[6](Al,Mn3+)[5]O[SiO4]. American Mineralogist, 66, 561-567.
Gunter, M., Bloss, F.D. (1982) Andalusite-kanonaite series: lattice and optical parameters. American Mineralogist, 67, 1218-1228.
Schreyer, Werner, Fransolet, André-Mathieu, Bernhardt, Heinz-Jürgen (2001) Hollandite–strontiomelane solid solutions coexisting with kanonaite and braunite in late quartz veins of the Stavelot Massif, Ardennes, Belgium. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 141 (5) 560-571 doi:10.1007/s004100100260
Kugimiya, Y., Umino, S., Masuda, T., Matsuda, Y. (2004) Kanonaite from the metamorphic sole of the Oman Ophiolite: evidence for the high-f(O2) conditions during retrograde metamorphism. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42, 143-153.
Novák, M., Škoda, R. (2007) Mn3+-rich andalusite to kanonaite and their breakdown products from metamanganolite at Kojetice near Třebíč, the Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 161-167.
(2023) Kanonaite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for KanonaiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Luxembourg
Michel Blondieau. +3 other references
        • Bihain
Corin (1934) +1 other reference
Corin (1934) +1 other reference
        • Cahay
Hatert et al. (2002)
Anten (1923) +5 other references
Kramm (1979) +3 other references
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
    • Carrancas
ex-collection P.A. Matioli (method of identification unknown) +1 other reference
Czech Republic
 
  • Vysočina Region
    • Třebíč District
      • Kojetice
NovĂĄk et al. (2007)
Greece
 
  • South Aegean
    • Andros
Tony Nikischer
United Arab Emirates
 
  • Emirate of Fujairah
    • Semail Ophiolite
      • Khawr Fakkan Massif (Khor Fakkan)
Kugimiya et al. (2004)
Mn-Mg-silicates from a manganiferous ... +1 other reference
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Maricopa County
      • Phoenix
        • Phoenix Mountains
Anthony et al. (1995)
Zambia (TL)
 
  • Central Province
    • Chitambo District
      • Kanona
VrĂĄna et al. (1978)
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