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Kanonaite

Big Photo

Le Coreux, Salm-Château, Vielsalm, Stavelot Massif, Luxembourg Province, Belgium
© Knut Eldjarn

Show Kanonaite Photos (4)
Formula:
Mn
3+
 
Al[O|SiO
 
4
]
System:OrthorhombicColour:Greenish black
Hardness:6½
Name:For the type locality


Andalusite-Kanonaite Series.

Classification of Kanonaite

IMA status:Approved 1976
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/B.02-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.AF.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:52.2.2b.2

52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
2 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and >[4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.16.1

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
16 : Aluminosilicates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Kanonaite

Type Locality:Kanona, Serenje, Central Province, Zambia
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Smithsonian 144523
Year of Discovery:1978
Geological Setting of type material:Low grade gahnite schist

Occurrences of Kanonaite

Geological Setting:Metamorphic rocks

Physical Properties of Kanonaite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Greenish black
Streak:Gray green
Hardness (Mohs):6½
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=906 - 1017 kg/mm2
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct
on {110}
Density (calculated):3.395 g/cm3

Crystallography of Kanonaite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pnnm {P21/n 21/n 2/m}
Cell Parameters:a = 7.959(2) Å, b = 8.047(2) Å, c = 5.616(1) Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.989 : 1 : 0.698
Unit Cell Volume:V 359.68 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Anhedral nodular porphyroblasts to 1.2 cm

Optical Data of Kanonaite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.702 nβ = 1.730 nγ = 1.823
2V:Measured: 75° to 90°, Calculated: 62°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.121

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v weak
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:X = Yellow green
Y = Bluish green
Z = deep golden yellow

Chemical Properties of Kanonaite

Formula:
Mn
3+
 
Al[O|SiO
 
4
]
Essential elements:Al, Mn, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, Mn, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Fe,Cu,Zn,Pb,Mg,Ca,Ba

Relationship of Kanonaite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Andalusite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.AF.05Sillimanite
Al
 
2
[O|SiO
 
4
]
9.AF.10Andalusite
Al
 
2
[O|SiO
 
4
]
9.AF.15Kyanite
Al
 
2
[O|SiO
 
4
]
9.AF.20Mullite
Al
 
8
[(O,OH,F)|(Si,Al)O
 
4
]
 
4
9.AF.20Krieselite
(Al,Ga)
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|GeO
 
4
]
9.AF.23Boromullite
Al
 
9
Si
 
2
BO
 
19
9.AF.25Yoderite
Mg(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
[O|OH|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
9.AF.30Magnesiostaurolite
(Mg,Li,Fe
2+
 
)
 
1.5-2
Al
 
9
[O
 
6
|(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]
9.AF.30Staurolite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Zn)
 
1.5-2
Al
 
9
[O
 
6
|(OH,O)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]
9.AF.30Zincostaurolite
(Zn,Li,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
<2
Al
 
9
[O
 
6
|(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]
9.AF.35Topaz
Al
 
2
[(F,OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
]
9.AF.40Norbergite
Mg
 
3
[(F,OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
]
9.AF.45Alleghanyite
Mn
2+
5
[(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
9.AF.45Chondrodite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
[(F,OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
9.AF.45Reinhardbraunsite
Ca
 
5
[(OH,F)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
9.AF.45Kumtyubeite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
F
 
2
9.AF.50Humite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
[(F,OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
9.AF.50Manganhumite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
7
[(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
9.AF.50Unnamed (Ca-analogue of humite)
Ca
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.55Clinohumite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
9
[(F,OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]
9.AF.55Sonolite
Mn
2+
9
[(OH,F)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]
9.AF.55Hydroxylclinohumite
Mg
 
9
[(OH,F)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]
9.AF.60Leucophoenicite
Mn
2+
7
[(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
9.AF.65Ribbeite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
[(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
9.AF.70Jerrygibbsite
Mn
2+
9
[(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]
9.AF.75Franciscanite
Mn
2+
6
(V
5+
 
,[])
 
2
[(O,OH)
 
3
|SiO
 
4
]
 
2
9.AF.75Örebroite
Mn
2+
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Sb
5+
 
)[(O,OH)
 
3
|SiO
 
4
]
9.AF.75Welinite
Mn
2+
6
(W
6+
 
,Mg)
 
2
[(O,OH)
 
3
|SiO
 
4
]
 
2
9.AF.80Ellenbergerite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
6
Ti[(OH)
 
6
|(HSiO
 
4
)
 
4
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]
9.AF.85Chloritoid
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
2
[O|(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
]
9.AF.85Magnesiochloritoid
MgAl
 
2
[O|(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
]
9.AF.85Ottrélite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Al
 
2
[O|(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
]
9.AF.90Poldervaartite
CaCa[SiO
 
3
OH](OH)
9.AF.90Olmiite
CaMn
2+
 
[SiO
 
3
(OH)](OH)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
16.16.2Spessartine
Mn
2+
3
Al
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
16.16.3Davreuxite
MnAl
 
6
Si
 
4
O
 
17
(OH)
 
2
16.16.4Sursassite
Mn
 
2
Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
16.16.5Carpholite
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
16.16.6Kellyite
Mn
2+
2
Al[(OH)
 
4
|AlSiO
 
5
]
16.16.7Pennantite
(Mn
 
5
Al)(Si
 
3
Al)O
 
10
(OH)
 
8
16.16.8Akatoreite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
9
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
3
|HSi
 
4
O
 
13
]
 
2
16.16.9Ganophyllite
(K,Na,Ca)
 
2
Mn
 
8
(Si,Al)
 
12
(O,OH)
 
32
·8H
 
2
O
16.16.10Kôzulite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mn
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)][(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
16.16.11Masutomilite
(K,Rb)(Li,Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
3
[(F,OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
]
16.16.13Howieite
Na(Fe,Mn)
 
10
(Fe,Al)
 
2
Si
 
12
O
 
31
(OH)
 
13
16.16.14Eggletonite
(Na,K,Ca)
 
2
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
(Si,Al)
 
12
O
 
29
(OH)
 
7
·11H
 
2
O
16.16.15Bannisterite
Ca
 
0.5
(K,Na)
 
0.5
(Mn,Fe,Zn)
 
10
(Si,Al)
 
16
O
 
38
(OH)
 
8
·5.5H
 
2
O
16.16.16Taneyamalite
(Na,Ca)(Mn,Mg,Fe)
 
12
Si
 
12
(O,OH)
 
44
16.16.17Zussmanite
K(Fe,Mg,Mn)
 
13
(Si,Al)
 
18
O
 
42
(OH)
 
14
16.16.18Coombsite
K(Mn,Fe,Mg)
 
13
(Si,Al)
 
18
O
 
42
(OH)
 
14
16.16.19Henritermierite
Ca
 
3
(Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
[(OH)
 
4
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
16.16.20Macfallite
Ca
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
16.16.21Ottrélite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Al
 
2
[O|(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
]
16.16.22Piemontite
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
2
Mn
3+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
16.16.23Okhotskite
Ca
 
8
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
4
(Mn
3+
 
,Al,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
12
O
 
56-n
(OH)
 
n
16.16.24Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)
Ca
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)(Al,Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
16.16.25Piemontite-(Sr)
{CaSr}{Al
 
2
Mn
3+
 
}[O|OH|SiO
 
4
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]

Other Names for Kanonaite

Synonyms:
IMA1976-047
Other Languages:
German:Kanonait
Russian:Канонаит
Spanish:Kanonaita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Kanonaite

Reference List:Vrana, S., M. Rieder and J. Podlaha (1978) Kanonaite, a new mineral isotype with andalusite. Cont. Miner. Petrol. 66, 325-332.

Kramm, U. (1979) Kanonaite-rich viridines from the Venn-Stavelot Massif, Belgian Ardennes, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 69: 387-395.

American Mineralogist (1979): 64: 655

Abswurmbach, L., Langer, K., Seifert, F., and Tillmanns,E. (1981) The crystal-chemistry of (Mn 3+,Fe 3+)substituted andalusites (viridines and kanonaite), (Al 1-x-y Mn x 3+Fe y 3+)2-(O-SiO4): Crystal-structure refinements, Mössbauer, and polarized optical-absorption spectra. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 155: 81-113.

American Mineralogist (1981): 66: 325-332.

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    Localities for Kanonaite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Belgium
     
    • Luxembourg Province
      • Stavelot Massif
    		Michel Bloindieau
          • Cahai (Cahay)
          • Salm-Château
    		Schreyer W., Bernhardt H.-J., Fransolet A.-M., Armbruster Th. (2004)
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		Novák, M. & Škoda, R. (2007): Mn3+-rich andalusite to kanonaite and their breakdown products from metamanganolite at Kojetice near Třebíč, the Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 161-167.
    Oman
     
    • Semail Ophiolite
      • Khawr Fakkan Massif
        • Bani Hamid area
    		E. Gnos et al., Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 251-261.
    United Arab Emirates
    http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/mineral/tcm-14342-1.html
    http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/mineral/tcm-14342-1.html
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Phoenix
          • Phoenix Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 110, 265.
    Zambia
     
    • Central Province
      • Serenje
    		Handbook of Mineralogy Vol II p399
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2009. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them.Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register. Current server date and time: 9th Nov 2009 16:41:46