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Ancylite-(Ce)

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Poudrette quarry (Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Desourdy quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire), Mont Saint-Hilaire, Rouville RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
© Stephan Wolfsried

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Formula:
SrCe(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH) · H
 
2
O
System:OrthorhombicColour:Light yellow, ...
Hardness:4 - 4½
Member of:Ancylite Group
Name:From the Greek αγκυλός ("ankylos") for "curved", in allusion to its usually rounded and distorted crystal shapes at the type locality, plus the "-(Ce)" suffix due to cerium being the dominant REE in the composition.


The strontium analogue of Calcioancylite-(Ce). The cerium analogue of Ancylite-(La).
See also Gysinite-(Nd).

Classification of Ancylite-(Ce)

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/E.08-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:5.DC.05

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
C : With large cations
Dana 8th edition ID:16b.1.1.1

16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : AmBn(XO3)pZqxH2O & with (m+n):p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:11.8.18

11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
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Type Occurrence of Ancylite-(Ce)

Type Locality:Narssârssuk pegmatite (Narsarsuk pegmatite), Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk), Igaliku (Igaliko), Narsaq, Kitaa Province (West Greenland), Greenland
General Appearance of Type Material:Druses
Place of Conservation of Type Material:University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Geological Setting of type material:Pegmatitic veinlets in nepheline-syenite.
Associated Minerals at type locality:
ZirconSynchysite-(Y)MicroclineEudidymiteCordylite-(Ce)
AlbiteAegirine

Occurrences of Ancylite-(Ce)

Geological Setting:An uncommon accessory mineral in some nepheline syenites and carbonatites.

Physical Properties of Ancylite-(Ce)

Lustre:Dull
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Comment:Vitreous to dull on crystal faces, greasy on fracture surfaces.
Colour:Light yellow, orange-yellow, yelow-brown, grey
Comment:colourless in transmitted light
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 4½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:None Observed
Fracture:Splintery
Density (measured):3.95 g/cm3

Crystallography of Ancylite-(Ce)

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 4.97–5.03Å, b = 8.49–8.53Å, c = 7.24–7.29Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.585 : 1 : 0.853
Unit Cell Volume:V 305.49 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Faces frequently dull. Aggregates and crusts of small rounded crystals. Crystals are typically pseudo-octahedral {111}, modified by {120}, with curved faces, or short prismatic [001], to 6 mm.
Comment:Space group Pmcn
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Ancylite-(Ce)

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.625 nβ = 1.700 nγ = 1.735
2V:Measured: 66° , Calculated: 66°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.110

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r < v moderate

Chemical Properties of Ancylite-(Ce)

Formula:
SrCe(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH) · H
 
2
O
Essential elements:C, Ce, H, O, Sr
All elements listed in formula:C, Ce, H, O, Sr

Relationship of Ancylite-(Ce) to other Species

Member of:Ancylite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Ancylite-(La)
Sr(La,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH) · H
 
2
O
Calcioancylite-(Ce)
(Ca,Sr)Ce(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH) · H
 
2
O
Calcioancylite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,La,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
.
H
 
2
O
Kozoite-(La)
(La,Nd)(CO
 
3
)(OH)
Kozoite-(Nd)
(Nd,La,Sm,Pr)(CO
 
3
)(OH)
Common Associates:
Synchysite-(Y)Parisite-(Ce)MicroclineEudidymiteCordylite-(Ce)
Aegirine
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
5.DC.05Calcioancylite-(Ce)
(Ca,Sr)Ce(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH) · H
 
2
O
5.DC.05Calcioancylite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,La,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
.
H
 
2
O
5.DC.05Gysinite-(Nd)
Pb(Nd,La)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH) · H
 
2
O
5.DC.05Ancylite-(La)
Sr(La,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH) · H
 
2
O
5.DC.05Kozoite-(Nd)
(Nd,La,Sm,Pr)(CO
 
3
)(OH)
5.DC.05Kozoite-(La)
(La,Nd)(CO
 
3
)(OH)
5.DC.10Kamphaugite-(Y)
Ca(Y,REE)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH) · H
 
2
O
5.DC.15Sheldrickite
NaCa
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
5.DC.20Thomasclarkite-(Y)
(Na,Ce)(Y,REE)(HCO
 
3
)(OH)
 
3
 · 4H
 
2
O
5.DC.25Peterbaylissite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
1.5
(CO
 
3
)(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
5.DC.30Clearcreekite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
1.5
(CO
 
3
)(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
5.DC.35Niveolanite
NaBe(CO
 
3
)(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
11.8.1Calkinsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
 · 4H
 
2
O
11.8.2Lanthanite-(La)
(La,Ce)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
 · 8H
 
2
O
11.8.3Lanthanite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Nd)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
 · 8H
 
2
O
11.8.4Lanthanite-(Nd)
(Nd,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
 · 8H
 
2
O
11.8.5Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)(OH,F)
11.8.6Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)(OH,F)
11.8.7Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
(La,Nd,Ce)(CO
 
3
)(OH,F)
11.8.8Rémondite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
(Ce,La,Ca,Na,Sr)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
11.8.9Tengerite-(Y)
Y
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
 · 2-3H
 
2
O
11.8.10Kimuraite-(Y)
Ca(Y,Nd)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
11.8.11Lokkaite-(Y)
Ca(Y,Gd,Nd,Dy)
 
4
(CO
 
3
)
 
7
 · 9H
 
2
O
11.8.12Calcioancylite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,La,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
.
H
 
2
O
11.8.13Calcioancylite-(Ce)
(Ca,Sr)Ce(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH) · H
 
2
O
11.8.14Burbankite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Sr,Ba,Ce)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
11.8.15Khanneshite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Ba,Sr,Ce,Ca)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
11.8.16Donnayite-(Y)
NaCaSr
 
3
Y(CO
 
3
)
 
6
 · 3H
 
2
O
11.8.17Carbocernaite
(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
11.8.19Ewaldite
Ba(Ca,Y,Na,K)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
11.8.20Mckelveyite-(Y)
NaCaBa
 
3
Y(CO
 
3
)
 
6
 · 3H
 
2
O
11.8.21Sahamalite-(Ce)
(Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4

Other Names for Ancylite-(Ce)

Synonyms:
Unnamed (MSH UK-10)Unnamed (MSH UK-3)
Other Languages:
German:Ankylith-(Ce)
Russian:Анкилит-(Ce)

Other Information

Other Information:Readily soluble in acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Ancylite-(Ce)

Reference List:

- +
FLINK, G. (1898a) Berättelse om en mineralogisk resa I Syd-Grönland sommaren 1897. Meddelelser om Grønland, 14, 221-262.
FLINK, G. (1899) Part I. On the minerals from Narsarsuk on the Firth of Tunugdliarfik in Southern Greenland. 8-180, In: FLINK, G.,
BØGGILD, O.B., and WINTHER, C. (1901) Undersøgelser af Mineraler fra Julianehaab indsamlet af G. Flink 1897, Part II. On some minerals from the Nepheline-Syenite at Julianehaab, Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland, 24, 1-213.
DAL NEGRO, A., ROSSI, G., and TAZZOLI, V. (1975) The crystal structure of ancylite, (RE)x(Ca,Sr)2 x(CO3)2(OH)x(2 x)H2O. American Mineralogist, 60, 280 284.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 39.

Tschernik (1923) Bull. de l'académie des sciences Russie: (6): 17: 81.

Gordon (1925) Proceedings of the Academy of Science, Philadelphia: 77: 1.

Belovitskaya, Yu. V.; Pekov, I. V.; Gobechiya, E. R.; Yamnova, N. A.; Kabalov, Yu. K.; Chukanov, N. V.; Schneider, J. (2002): Crystal structures of two ancylite modifications. Crystallography Reports 47, 223-228.

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    • Localities for Ancylite-(Ce)

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Poços de Caldas plateau
        • Poços de Caldas
    		Horváth, Menezes, Toft ollections - confirmed by XRD & microprobe
        • Poços de Caldas alkaline complex
    		ATENCIO, D., COUTINHO, J.M.C., ULBRICH, M.N.C., VLACH, S.R.F., RASTVETAEVA, R.K. & PUSHCHAROVSKY, D.Yu. (1999) Hainite from Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Canadian Mineralogist, 37, 91-98.
    • São Paulo
      • Cajati
    		[MinRec 15:264]; American Mineralogist, Volume 93, pages 81–87, 2008
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Golden Mining Division
    		Edingtonite and Natrolite from Ice river, British Columbia, Grice, Gault, 1981; Mineralogical Record 12 221-226; Zeolites of the World, R. Tschernich, 1992 (142,360); Canadian Mineralogist Vol.22, pp. 253-258 (1984)
    • Ontario
      • Kenora District
        • Sturgeon Lake
    		Harris (1972)
    • Québec
      • Laurentides
        • Deux-Montagnes RCM
          • Oka
    		Gold (1969); Gaston Pouliot (1970) Study of carbonatitic calcites from Oka, Quebec. Can Mineral 10:511-540
      • Montérégie
        • Lajemmerais RCM
          • Varennes & St-Amable
            • Saint-Amable sill
    		Horváth, L., Pfenninger-Horváth, E., Gault, R. A., & Tarassoff, P. (1998): Mineralogy of the Saint-Amable Sill, Varennes and Saint-Amable, Québec. Mineralogical Record, 29: 83-118.
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		CHAO, G.Y., HARRIS, D.C., HOUNSLOW, A.W., MANDARINO, J.A., and PERRAULT, G. (1967) Minerals from the nepheline syenite, Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. Canadian Mineralogist, 9, 109 123. HORVÁTH, L., & GAULT, R.G. (1990) The mineralogy of Mont Saint Hilaire. Mineralogical Record, 21, 284 359.
      • Montréal
    		Canadian Museum of Nature collection
    Sabina (1978) DSC Papper 78-1A, 253-254;
    China
     
    • Shandong Province
      • Jining Prefecture
        • Weishan Co.
    		Zhang Peishan, Yang Zhuming, Tao Kejie, and Yang Xueming (1996): "Mineralogy and Geology of Rare Earths in China", Science Press (Beijing), 226 pp.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Zruč nad Sázavou (Srutsch an der Sasau)
    		Uranium Deposits, B. Kribek & J. Zeman (eds) © Czech Geological Survey, Prague, ISBN 80-7075-583-0: 53-56.
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa Province (West Greenland)
      • Narsaq
        • Igaliku (Igaliko)
          • Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk)
    		Meddelelser om Grønland (1900): 24: 49; Petersen Ole V.,Secher K.(1985) - Gronland: Mineralien, Geologie, Geschichte. - Verlag Bode & Partner K.G., Bochum, 87 pagg; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 286, 292; American Mineralogist (1975): 60: 280; Mineralogical Record: 2: 18; Mineralogical Record: 5: 119.
    Norway
     
    • Akershus
      • Nittedal
    		L. O. Kvamsdal (1998): Mineralene fra Nordmarkitt og Grefsensyenitt i Oslofeltet. AS Merkur-Trykk, Oslo(in Norwegian), p. 24.
    • Aust-Agder
      • Iveland
        • Frikstad
    		Pedersen, R (ed) (2007): Iveland V: Gruvedrift. Iveland Bygdesogenemd. p.335
    Revheim, O. (2006): Slobrekka, Iveland, Del 1. STEIN 33 (4), 53-55
    Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse. Skrifter 68, p. 103
    Pedersen, R. (ed) (2007): Iveland V: Gruvedrift. Iveland Bygdesogenemd. 382 p. (with a chapter on the minerals pp 332-370)
    • Nord-Trøndelag
      • Snåsa
    		Husdal, T. (2009): Ancylittmineralene i Norge. Bergverksmussets Skrift 41, 33-42
    • Nordland
      • Tysfjord
    		Eldjarn, K. (1978): "Ancylitt fra Hundholmen, Tysfjord". NAGS-nytt 5(3),18) ; Neumann (1985, p. 103).
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
        • Øståsen
          • Surka
    		Kvamsdal, L.O. (1993): Noen mineraler fra nordmarkitten mellom Roa og Maura. STEIN 20 (1), 30-45
    • Oslo
      • Grorud
        • Bånkall
    		Kvamsdal, L.O. (1998): Mineralene fra Nordmarkitt og Grefsensyenitt i Oslofeltet. AS Merkur-Trykk, Oslo. 72p
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Bjørkedalen
    		Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p.
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Hedrum
          • Farris
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p.
          • Lågendalen
    		Raade, G. & Mladeck, Michel H.(1977): Parakeldyshite from Norway. Canadian Mineralogist 15, 102-107; Engvoldsen, T., Andersen, F., Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18 (1),15-71
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Lille Arøya (Midtre Arøy; Øvre Arøy; Övre-Arö)
    		Sæbø, P.C.(1963): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No. 20. The identity of Weibyeite. Geologisk Tidsskrift 439, 441-447
        • Malerød
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Nordrum, F. S. (2012): Noen funn av mineraler i Norge 2011-2012. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 49, 117-124. [Uwe Kolitsch SXRD and EDS analyses]]
    Andersen, F., Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. Mineralien-Welt 7(4), 21-100
        • Tjølling
          • Stålaker
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Tvedalen
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p.
    Andersen, F., Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. Mineralien-Welt 7(4), 21-100
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection (M-1476)
    Peter Andresen collection, Analysed by Henrik Friis (2013).
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia)
          • Mama River Basin
            • Maigunda River
    		A.M. Portnov data
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Vitim Plateau
            • Biraya and Bya Rivers confluence area (Chara Basin)
              • Biraya Fe-REE ore occurrence
    		A. Konev et al.: Eur. J. Min. 17(5):715–721 (2005)
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan Shield
          • Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence
    		[Lapis 1993:4 p.13-20]
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Afrikanda
    		Chakhmouradian A.R., Zaitsev A.N. (2002) Calcite–Amphibole–Clinopyroxene rock from the Afrikanda complex, Kola peninsula, Russia: mineralogy and a possible link to carbonatites. III. Silicate minerals. - Can. Miner., Vol.40, pp. 1347-1374.
          • Khibiny Massif
            • Kukisvumchorr Mt
              • Kirovskii apatite mine (Kirovsky Mine; Kirovskii Mine; Kirov Mine)
    		Pekov, I. et al (2003): New Data on Minerals: 38: 20-33.
    Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598.
    Lapis 29(1), 47 (2004)
    P.M. Kartashov data
            • Valepakhk Mt.
    		Mineralogy of Khibiny massif, - under ed. F.V. Chukhrov, Moscow, "Nauka", 1978, v.2, p. 458-461 (in Russ.)
    No reference listed
    P.M. Kartashov data
    Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (2003): 10: 461-480.
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
    Sorokhtina N.V., Voloshin A.V., Pakhomovskii Ya.A., Selivanova E.A. (2004) The first find of daqingshanite-(Ce) on Kola peninsula, - Trudy 1 Fersmanovskoi Nauchnoi Sessii Kolskogo Otdeleniya VMO, Apatity,pt.1, pp. 34-36 (in Russ.)
            • Suoluai River Valley
              • Kuamdespakhk Mt
    		Semenov E.I. (1972) Mineralogy of Lovozero alkaline massif, - Moscow, Nauka, p. 308 (in Rus.)
            • Suoluaiv Mt
    		Mikhail Uchitel' data
    Sorokhtina, N.V., Chukanov, N.V., Voloshin, A.V., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Bogdanova, A.N., and Moiseev, M.M. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(7), 620-628.
        • Northern Karelia
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Southern Siberia
      • Sayan Mts
        • Eastern Sayan
    		Savel'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) Rare earth's minerals of alkaline metasomatites of Main Sayan Fault zone, - Zapiski RMO, N2, pp.14-35 (in Rus.).; Savel’eva, V.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 681-696.
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Prepolar Ural
        • Tyumenskaya Oblast'
          • Khanty-Mansi (Khanty Mansiysk) Okrug
            • Saranpaul
    		[Lapis 1995:3 p13-35]
    [MinRec 30:465]
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
    		VERWOERD, W.J. (1993) Update on carbonatites of South Africa and Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 96(3), 75-95.
    • North West Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
    		R. Liferovich - L. Horváth p.c. (2004)
    UK
     
    Tindle, A.G. (2008) Minerals of Britian and Ireland
      • North West Highlands (Argyllshire)
        • Strontian
    UKJMM 26:23-26
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • Fremont Co.
        • Gem Park complex
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 16, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997; USGS Prof Paper 649
        • Iron Mountain complex
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
        • McClure Mountain Complex
    		Armbrustmacher, T. J. (1988) Geology and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Wet Mountains area, Fremont and Custer counties, Colorado. USGS Professional Paper: 1049-F
      • Teller Co.
    		Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
    • Montana
      • Hill Co.
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens
    Chakhmouradian A.R. & Mitchell R.H. (1999) Primary, agpaitic and deuteric stages in the evolution of Accessory Sr, REE, Ba and Nb-mineralization in nepheline-syenite pegmatites at Pegmatite Peak, Bearpaw Mts., Montana, Mineral. Petrol., 67: 85-110.
      • Meagher Co.
    		www.cseg.ca/conferences/2000/376.PDF.
      • Ravalli Co.
        • Mineral Point District
          • Alta
    		Gobla, M. J. (2012) Montana Mineral Locality Index. Rocks and Minerals 87:208-240.
    • New York
      • New York City
    		www.nysam.org
    • Pennsylvania
      • Chester Co.
        • Wallace Township
          • Cornog
    		Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.:16-17; Lapham, Davis M. & Geyer, Alan R. (1965),Mineral Collecting in PA: 55 & (1969): 56; Montgomery, A. (May, 1966), PA M
    • Vermont
      • Windham Co.
    		J. Swarts collection
    Johannes Swarts collection
        • Rockingham
    		J. Swarts collection
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