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Kermesite

Big Photo

Mt Kolársky, Pezinok, Malé Karpaty Mts, Bratislava Region, Slovakia
© Mesics Gábor

Show Kermesite Photos (129)
Formula:
Sb
 
2
S
 
2
O
System:TriclinicColour:Red
Lustre:AdamantineHardness:1 - 1½
Name:Name from kermes, a name given from the Persian qurmizq, "crimson" in the older chemistry to red amorphous antimony trisulphide, often mixed with antimony trioxide


Crusts and coatings may be confused with metastibnite.

Classification of Kermesite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/F.11-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.FD.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
D : With O, OH, H2O
Dana 7th edition ID:2.13.1.1
Dana 8th edition ID:2.13.1.1

2 : SULFIDES
13 : Oxysulfides
Hey's CIM Ref.:4.2

4 : Oxysulphides
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Type Occurrence of Kermesite

Type Locality:Neue Hoffnung Gottes Mine, Bräunsdorf, Freiberg District, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany
Year of Discovery:1843

Physical Properties of Kermesite

Lustre:Adamantine
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent, Opaque
Colour:Red
Streak:Brownish Red
Hardness (Mohs):1 - 1½
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on the {100}
Density (measured):4.5 - 4.6 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.85 g/cm3

Crystallography of Kermesite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:P1
Cell Parameters:a = 10.84Å, b = 4.07Å, c = 10.25Å
α = 90°, β = 101.53°, γ = 90°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.663 : 1 : 2.518
Unit Cell Volume:V 443.09 ų
Z:4

Optical Data of Kermesite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 2.720 nβ = 2.740 nγ = 2.740
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.020

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:relatively strong

Chemical Properties of Kermesite

Formula:
Sb
 
2
S
 
2
O
Essential elements:O, S, Sb
All elements listed in formula:O, S, Sb

Relationship of Kermesite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.FD.UKI-2004-(OS:BiCuPb)
PbCu
 
4
Bi
 
4
S
 
2
O
 
16
 (?)
2.FD.10Viaeneite
(Fe,Pb)
 
4
S
 
8
O
2.FD.20Erdite
NaFeS
 
2
·2H
 
2
O
2.FD.25Coyoteite
NaFe
 
3
S
 
5
·2H
 
2
O
2.FD.30Haapalaite
(Fe
2+
 
,Ni)
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
1.61
[(OH)
 
3.22
|S
 
2
]
2.FD.30Valleriite
(Fe
2+
 
,Cu)
 
4
(Mg,Al)
 
3
[(OH,O)
 
6
|S
 
4
]
2.FD.30Yushkinite
(Mg,Al)[(OH)
 
2
 (VS
 
2
)
2.FD.35Tochilinite
Fe
2+
5-6
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
[(OH)
 
10
|S
 
6
]
2.FD.40Wilhelmramsayite
Cu
 
3
FeS
 
3
·2H
 
2
O
2.FD.45Vyalsovite
FeCaAl[(OH)
 
5
|S]
2.FD.50Bazhenovite
Ca
 
8
[(OH)
 
12
|S
 
2
O
 
3
|S
 
5
] · 20H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
4.1Bazhenovite
Ca
 
8
[(OH)
 
12
|S
 
2
O
 
3
|S
 
5
] · 20H
 
2
O
4.3Sarabauite
CaSb
 
10
O
 
10
S
 
6
4.4Schöllhornite
Na
 
0.3
CrS
 
2
·H
 
2
O
4.5Yushkinite
(Mg,Al)[(OH)
 
2
 (VS
 
2
)
4.6Vyalsovite
FeCaAl[(OH)
 
5
|S]
4.7Valleriite
(Fe
2+
 
,Cu)
 
4
(Mg,Al)
 
3
[(OH,O)
 
6
|S
 
4
]
4.8Tochilinite
Fe
2+
5-6
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
[(OH)
 
10
|S
 
6
]
4.9Haapalaite
(Fe
2+
 
,Ni)
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
1.61
[(OH)
 
3.22
|S
 
2
]
4.10Apuanite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
Sb
3+
4
O
 
12
S
4.11Versiliaite
Fe
 
2
Fe
 
4
Sb
 
6
O
 
16
S

Other Names for Kermesite

Synonyms:
Antimony BlendePyrostibite
Other Languages:
German:Kermesit
Antimonblende
Antimonzinnober
Goldschwefel
Pyrostibit
Rotspießglanz (of Klaproth)
Rotspießglaserz (of Emmerling)
Italian:Kermesite
Russian:Кермезит
Slovak:kermezit
Spanish:Kermesita
Pyrostibita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Kermesite

Reference List:Klaproth, M.H. (1802): Chemische Untersuchung des faserigen Roth-Spießglanzerzes, Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, Dritter Band, Rottmann Berlin, 178-182

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 279-280.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1987): 12: 557-567.

Internet Links for Kermesite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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    Localities for Kermesite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Fitzroy Co.
        • Paddys Plain
          • Allan
    		L.B. Gilligan et al. Dorrigo-Coffs Harbour 1:250 000 Metallogenic Map and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets.
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    • Victoria
      • Bacchus Marsh
        • Pyrete Creek
      • East Gippsland Shire
        • Omeo
          • Mt Wills Mining District
            • Sunnyside
    Austria
     
    • Burgenland
      • Oberwart
        • Stadtschlaining
    		Huber, S. und Huber, P. (1977): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 8: Oberösterreich, Niederösterreich und Burgenland. C. Weise Verlag, München, 270 pp.; Huber, S. & Huber, P. (1981): Die Mineralien der Antimonitlagerstätte Schlaining, Burgenland. Die Eisenblüte, Jahrg. 2 NF., Nr. 3, 18-22.
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Styria
      • Frohnleiten
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Bolivia
     
    • Oruro Department
      • Poopó Province
    		[MinRec 32:477]
    Dr. Fritz Berndt, unpublished analyses
    [MinRec 32:479]
    Canada
     
    • New Brunswick
      • York Co.
        • Lake George
    		[MinRec 1991]
        • Prince William Parish
          • Fredricton
    		Dana 6:1104.
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Newfoundland
        • Cross Cove
    		Sabiba (2003) 82.
    • Nova Scotia
      • Hants Co.
        • Rawdon
    		Dana 7:I:280.; Econ Geol (1996) 91:1239-1262
    • Québec
      • Centre-du-Québec
        • Arthabaska RCM
          • Saints-Martyrs-Canadiens
    		[MinRec 1996]; Econ Geol (1997) 92:308-324
    China
     
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Nanning Prefecture
        • Shanglin Co.
          • Dafeng
    		Ottens, B. (2007): Mineralogical Record 38(1), 3-17.
    Ottens, B. (2007): Mineralogical Record 38(1), 3-17.
    • Hunan Province
      • Loudi Prefecture
        • Lengshuijiang Co.
    		Ottens, B. (2007): Mineralogical Record 38(1), 3-17.
    Colombia
     
    • Antioquia Department
    		Publications of the Field Columbian Museum Geological Series Vol 1 1895-1902 pp 121-177
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
    		No reference listed
        • Příbram
          • Březové Hory (Birkenberg)
            • Black pits deposit
    		[Bull.N.M.Praha 2002, 10, p.43-77]
    [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002, 10, p.43-77]
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Staré Město
    		Fojt, B., Kopa, D., Skácel, J.: Paragenetická studie výskytů As-Sb asociace ve staroměstských pásmech I. Hynčice pod Sušinou. Časopis Slezského muzea, série A, vědy přírodní, 1977, roč. 26, č. 1, s. 1-20.
    Finland
     
    • Etelä-Suomen Lääni
      • Orivesi
        • Eräjärvi area
    		No reference listed
    • Länsi-Suomen Lääni
      • Vaasa
        • Seinäjoki
    		Geological Survey of Finland website
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Villé Valley
    		Wittern, Journée (1997): \"Mineralien finden in den Vogesen\", von Loga (Cologne), pp. 36-37.
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Fecht valley (Munster valley)
          • Stosswihr
    		FLUCK, P. & STEIN, S. (1992): Espèces minérales des principaux districts miniers du massif vosgien. - Pierres et Terre 35, December 1992, 120 pp.
    • Auvergne
      • Cantal
        • Espezolles
          • Anval farm
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J.J. Périchaud : "Inventaire Minéralogique du Cantal", BRGM / Editions G. de Bussac, 1971
        • Massiac
          • Saint-Mary-le-Plain
            • Luzer
        • Neussargues
          • Auliac
    		J.-J. Périchaud: "Les Minéraux d'Auvergne", Vol. 2, 1986
      • Haute-Loire
        • Brioude
          • Saint-Beauzire
    		Queneau Patrice collection
        • Langeac
          • Barlet
    		P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989
        • Lavoûte-Chilhac
          • Ally
    		Collection Patrice Queneau
        • Lubilhac
          • Dahu Mine (Daü Mine; Dahut Mine)
    		C. Vialaron : La mine d'antimoine de Daü,127p,Le-Puy-en-Velay (1999)
    C. Vialaron : La mine d'antimoine de Daü,127p, Le-Puy-en-Velay (1999)
    C. Vialaron : La mine d'antimoine de Daü, 127p, Le-Puy-en-Velay (1999)
    J.J. Périchaud, "Les Gisements Métalliques du District à Antimoine de Brioude-Massiac (Massif Central Français)", BRGM, 1968
        • Mercoeur
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Anzat-le-Luguet
    		Vialaron C. (1996), La concession pour antimoine d'Anzat-le-Luguet (Haute-Loire), Le Règne Minéral, n° spécial, pp: 5-14
    • Brittany
      • Finistère
        • Ergué-Gabéric
    		R.PIERROT, L. CHAURIS, C. LAFORET (1973) : "Inventaire minéralogique de la France : 29- Finistère.", B.R.G.M. Paris.
      • Ille-et-Vilaine
        • Martigné-Ferchaud
    		Pillard F., Chauris L., Laforêt C. (1985), Inventaire minéralogique de la France, Ed. BRGM, n°13, pp: 106-111
    • Limousin
      • Corrèze
        • Tulle
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Glandon
    		Michel Arliguie personal observations
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Tarn
        • Réalmont
          • Peyrebrune
    		Bernadi G. (2004), Quelques nouvelles de Peyrebrune (Tarn), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°86, pp 13-18
    • Pays de Loire
      • Vendée
        • Le Boupère
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
    • Poitou-Charentes
      • Charente
        • Etagnac
    		Une ancienne mine d\'Antimoine dans le Limousin aurifère ( Georges Hyvert ) Paris Béranger 1906
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Hautes-Alpes
        • Valgaudemar
          • Pelvoux Mt.
    		No reference listed
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Isère
        • Allemont
    		[http://www.zampano.com/minmax/fundort.php3?lang=US&fp=1322&foid=1066]
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
      • Heidelberg
        • Wiesloch
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Fichtelgebirge
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Bad Grund
            • Wiemannsbucht
    		No reference listed
        • St Andreasberg District
          • St Andreasberg
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Arnsberg
          • Uentrop
    		Lapis, 14 (6), 11-32+50.
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler
          • Ahrbrück
            • Martinsknipp hill
    		Beyer, H. (1978): Über Haldenfunde aus den Antimonitgängen von Ahrbrück (Eifel)..., Der Aufschluß, 29, 401-408
      • Westerwald
        • Wied Iron Spar District
          • Neuwied
            • Raubach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz Mts
        • Harzgerode
          • Wolfsberg
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Freiberg District
          • Bräunsdorf
    		Klaproth, M.H. (1802): Chemische Untersuchung des faserigen Roth-Spießglanzerzes, Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, Dritter Band, Rottmann Berlin, 178-182
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Iran
     
    • West Azarbaijan Province
      • Takab (Takan Tepe)
    		Asadi, H.H., Voncken, J.H.L, Kühnel, R.A., and Hale, M. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 656-671.
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Como Province
        • San Bartolomeo Val Cavargna
    		Fioretti D. (1944) - Antimonio nativo di La Selva - atti Soc. Tosc. sci. nat. e Museo Civ. St. Nat. Milano: vol. 83, fasc. 2, pp. 124-125 and Maglia L. (1970) - Itinerari mineralogici della Lombardia. Località La Selva, Comune di S. Batolomeo Val cavargna (Como) - Natura - Milano, vol. 61, fasc. 1, pp. 68-71
      • Sondrio Province
        • Sondalo
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Ballao
    		Conti - Vecchi, G., Stara, P., (1991) :Minerali della Sardegna.Della Torre editore.Cagliari, 276 pp.
        • San Vito
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi G., (1993): Sarrabus Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell\'EMSA e \"varie associazioni mineralogiche\", 208 pp.; Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi G., (1993): Sarrabus Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell\'EMSA e \"varie associazioni mineralogiche\", 208 pp.; Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi G., (1993): Sarrabus Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell\'EMSA e \"varie associazioni mineralogiche\", 208 pp.; Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi G., (1993): Sarrabus Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell\'EMSA e \"varie associazioni mineralogiche\", 208 pp.
    Mariani & Scaini, 1978. I minerali d'Italia. Rizzoli Ed., Milano.
        • Villasalto
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Mocheni Valley
          • Sant'Orsola Terme
    		Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
        • Manciano
          • San Martino sul Fiora
    		Meli, R. (2000): L'antica miniera antimonifera di S. Martino sul Fiora, Mancianese (Grosseto). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2/2000, 111-113.
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Stazzema
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (1), 1-22.
      • Pisa Province
        • Pomarance
    		Duchi G. (1983) - Il deposito antimonifero di Micciano(Comune di Pomarance, Pisa)- Atti Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali - Memorie, serie A, 90, pp. 141-163; Bardi, T., Biagioni, C., & Orlandi, P. (2009). Aggiornamento sui minerali della Sorgente Solfurea di Micciano (Pomarance, Pisa, Toscana). MICRO (località), 1/2009, 261-276.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
          • Shimonita
    		mineralhunters.hp.infoseek.co.jp/nakamaru.html
    • Kyushu Island
      • Kagoshima Prefecture
        • Fukiage
    		Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)
        • Suzuyama District
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Osh Oblast
      • Alai (Alay) Range
        • Fergana Valley
          • Kadamzhay ore field
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    Luxembourg
     
    • Goesdorf commune
      • Goesdorf
    Mexico
     
    • Guerrero
      • Mun. de Huitzuco
        • Huitzuco de los Figueroa (Huitzuco)
    		Pancnzer(1987):94-386.
    Panczner (1987): 246.
    Panczner (1987): 246.
    Panczner (1987): 246.
    Panczner (1987): 246.
    • Oaxaca
      • Mun. de San Juan Mixtepec
        • Tejocotes
    		Panczner (1987): 246.
    • San Luis Potosí
      • Mun. de Guadalcázar
        • Guadalcázar
    		Panczner (1987): 154-271.
    Portugal
     
    • Coimbra District
      • Coimbra
    • Porto District
      • Gondomar
        • Medas
        • Melres
      • Valongo
    		Nuno Afonso collection
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Kremnica Mts
    		Ďuďa R., 1993 : Die mineralien der Gold und Silber - lagersttäte von Kremnitz ( Kremnica) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern,Nemecko/,5, s. 20 - 32
      • Southern Low Tatra Mts
        • Jasenie
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Chyžné
    		Števko, M., Bálintová, T., Turecký, L. (2009): Kermesit und valentinit von Chyžné-Herichová bei Revúca, Slowakei. Lapis, 34, 9, 37-39.
    • Bratislava Region
      • Malé Karpaty Mts
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
        • Pernek
          • Krížnica
    		Sejkora J., Ozdín D., Vitáloš J., Tuček P., Čejka J., Ďuďa R., 2007: Schafarzikite from the type locality Pernek (Malé Karpaty Mountains, Slovak Republic) revisited. European Journal of Mineralogy, 19, 3, 419-427.
    Dill, H.G. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 359-378.
    [MinRec 31:153-162]
    Laco Turecky collection
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Poproč
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
        • Rožňava (Rozsnyo; Rosenau) Mining District
          • Čučma (Csucsom; Tschutschma)
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Pauliš P., Ďuďa R., 2002: Nejzajimavejší mineralogická nalezište Slovenska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora, 134p.
    • Prešov Region
      • High Tatra Mts
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
      • Northern Slanské Mts
        • Červenica (Czerwenitza)
    		Duda,R. et. all.,1981: MIneralogia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca,Monografia 2, Bratislava, 98p
    Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
    • Žilina Region
      • Northern Low Tatra Mts
    		Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
        • Partizánska Lupča
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Murchison Range
        • Gravelotte
    		Econ Geol (1997) 92:308-324
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Málaga
        • La Viñuela
    		Jordi Fabre
    • Asturias
      • Salas
        • Carlés
    		JRGL collection
    • Catalonia
      • Girona (Gerona)
        • Ripollès
          • Abella-Pardines
    Switzerland
     
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Malcantone
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 238.
    Turkey
     
    • Aegean Region
      • Kütahya Province
    		Econ Geol (1989)84:780-787
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Saltash
            • Landrake
    		Minerals of Britain & Ireland, A G Tindle 2008
        • Wadebridge District
          • Area East of Wadebridge
            • St Endellion
    		No reference listed
              • Trewetha
    		No reference listed
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Coombe Height
    		No reference listed
          • Threlkeld District
            • St John's in the Vale
    		BMS Database
    • Scotland
      • Strathclyde (Ayrshire)
        • New Cumnock
          • Hare Hill
    		No reference listed
    Ukraine
     
    • Crimea Oblast'
      • Simferopol area
    		Tischenko Alexander
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Bethel Borough
        • Aniak District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
      • Denali Borough
        • Denali NP and Preserve
          • Kantishna Hills District
    		USGS OFR 2004-1200(Hawley,2004)
        • Kantishna District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
      • Nome Borough
        • Nome District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
      • Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Borough
        • Ketchikan District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
      • Yukon-Koyukuk Borough
        • Iditarod District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
        • Koyukuk District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • California
      • Kern Co.
        • Erskine Creek District
          • Kernville
    		R.O. Meyer collection
        • Mojave
    		Palache, C., Berman, H. & Frondel, C. (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, 7th. edition, Volume I: 280; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 235.
        • San Emidio
      • Santa Cruz Co.
        • Santa Cruz
    • Idaho
      • Blaine Co.
        • Warm Springs District (Warm Springs Creek District)
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Elmore Co.
        • Swanholm District
          • Swanholm Creek
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
      • Shoshone Co.
        • Coeur d'Alene District
          • Burke
    		Rocks & Min. 70:262
      • Valley Co.
        • Edwardsburg District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Bernice District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Elko Co.
        • Bootstrap District
        • Independence Mountains District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Island Mountain District
    		NBMG Bull 106 Geology and Mineral Resources of Elko County, Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Fish Lake Valley District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Antelope District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Lynn District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Potosi District
          • Adam Peak
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Ten Mile District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lander Co.
        • Battle Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Big Creek District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Hilltop District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Lewis District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lyon Co.
        • Ramsey District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Poinsettia District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
    		NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral Resources of Northern Nye County, Nevada
          • Manhattan
    		MinRecord 16:86
        • Reveille District
    		NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral Resources of Northern Nye County, Nevada
        • Silverton District
    		NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral Resources of Northern Nye County, Nevada
        • Tybo District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Antelope Springs District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Black Knob District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Buena Vista District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Mount Tobin District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Muttlebury District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Table Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Tobin and Sonoma Range District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Willard District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Washoe Co.
        • McClennan District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
        • Bald Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Butte Valley District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Taylor District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • Oregon
      • Baker Co.
        • Virtue District
    		Wagner, Norman S., 1944, Antimony in Oregon, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Short Paper 13, page 15.
      • Jackson Co.
        • Applegate District
          • Kanaka Gulch
            • Lowry Antimony Mine
    		K. Starnes, personal ID, 1985
          • Kinney Creek
    		Wagner, Norman S., 1944, Antimony in Oregon, Oregon Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries Short Paper No. 13, page 11.
        • Upper Applegate District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Utah
      • Utah Co.
        • Wasatch Mts
          • American Fork District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Washington
      • Snohomish Co.
        • Darrington
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.69
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Midlands
      • Gweru (Gwelo) District
        • Kwekwe (Que Que)
    		Rob Lavinsky
    Min.Rec.: 21:104; 31:29.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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