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Kleinite

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Big Photo

McDermitt Mine (Cordero Mine; Old Cordero Mine), Opalite District, Humboldt Co., Nevada, USA
© Stephan Wolfsried

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Formula:
(Hg
 
2
N)(Cl,SO
 
4
) · nH
 
2
O
System:HexagonalColour:Light to canary-yellow, ...
Hardness:3½
Name:For Carl Klein (1832-1907), German Professor of Mineralogy, University of Berlin.
This page provides mineralogical data about Kleinite.

Classification of Kleinite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:3/D.06-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:3.DD.35

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
D : With Hg
Dana 8th edition ID:10.4.3.1

10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
4 : A2(O,OH)Xq
Hey's CIM Ref.:26.16

26 : Sulphates with Halide
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-2225.html
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Type Occurrence of Kleinite

Type Locality:Terlingua District, Brewster Co., Texas, USA
Year of Discovery:1905
Associated Minerals at type locality:
TerlinguaiteGypsumCalciteBaryte

Physical Properties of Kleinite

Lustre:Adamantine, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Light to canary-yellow, orange; reverts to reddish yellow or orange in daylight and back to original color in darkness. Yellow to colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:Yellow
Hardness (Mohs):3½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
On {0001} easy but uneven; on {10_10}, imperfect.

Crystallography of Kleinite

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:a = 13.56Å, c = 11.13Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.821
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,772.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals short prismatic [0001] with variable development of {10_11}; equi-dimentional at times. Crystals are apparently inversion pseudomorphs after a high-temperaturehexagonal form.

Optical Data of Kleinite

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 2.190 nε = 2.210
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.020

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Comments:Biaxial below 130° (biaxial negative) and uniaxial above 130° (uniaxial positive). Isotropic above aproximately 190°.

Chemical Properties of Kleinite

Formula:
(Hg
 
2
N)(Cl,SO
 
4
) · nH
 
2
O
Essential elements:Cl, H, Hg, N, O
All elements listed in formula:Cl, H, Hg, N, O, S

Relationship of Kleinite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
3.DD.05Eglestonite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
3
Cl
 
3
O(OH)
3.DD.05Kadyrelite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
2
(Br,Cl)
 
2
O
3.DD.10Poyarkovite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
1.5
ClO
3.DD.15Hanawaltite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
3
Hg
2+
 
(Cl,OH)
 
2
O
 
3
3.DD.20Terlinguaite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
0.5
Hg
2+
 
ClO
3.DD.25Pinchite
Hg
2+
5
Cl
 
2
O
 
4
3.DD.30Gianellaite
(Hg
 
2
N)
 
2
SO
 
4
3.DD.30Mosesite
(Hg
 
2
N)(Cl,SO
 
4
,MoO
 
4
) · H
 
2
O
3.DD.40Tedhadleyite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
5
Hg
2+
 
I
 
2
(Cl,Br)
 
2
O
 
4
3.DD.45Vasilyevite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
10
I
 
3
Br
 
2
Cl(CO
 
3
)O
 
6
3.DD.50Aurivilliusite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
0.5
Hg
2+
 
(I,Br,Cl)O
3.DD.55Terlinguacreekite
Hg
2+
3
Cl
 
2
O
 
2
3.DD.60Kelyanite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
6
Sb
3+
 
BrCl
 
2
O
 
6
3.DD.65Comancheite
Hg
2+
13
(Cl,Br)
 
8
O
 
9
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
26.1Kogarkoite
Na
 
3
(SO
 
4
)F
26.2Sulphohalite
Na
 
6
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
FCl
26.3Schairerite
Na
 
3
(SO
 
4
)(F,Cl)
26.4Galeite
Na
 
15
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
F
 
4
Cl
26.5Connellite
Cu
 
19
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
32
Cl
 
4
 · 3H
 
2
O
26.6Chlorothionite
K
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)Cl
 
2
26.7Kamchatkite
KCu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
OCl
26.8Spangolite
Cu
 
6
Al(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
12
Cl · 3H
 
2
O
26.9Aubertite
CuAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
Cl · 14H
 
2
O
26.10Magnesioaubertite
(Mg,Cu)Al(SO
 
4
)
 
2
Cl · 14H
 
2
O
26.11Svyazhinite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)(Al,Fe
3+
 
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
F · 14H
 
2
O
26.12D'Ansite
Na
 
21
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
10
Cl
 
3
26.13Anhydrokainite
KMg(SO
 
4
)Cl
26.14Kainite
KMg(SO
 
4
)Cl · 3H
 
2
O
26.15Mosesite
(Hg
 
2
N)(Cl,SO
 
4
,MoO
 
4
) · H
 
2
O
26.17Wilcoxite
MgAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
F · 17H
 
2
O
26.18Creedite
Ca
 
3
SO
 
4
Al
 
2
F
 
8
(OH)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
26.19Lannonite
HCa
 
4
Mg
 
2
Al
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
8
F
 
9
 · 32H
 
2
O
26.20Chukhrovite-(Y)
Ca
 
3
(Y,Ce)[F|SO
 
4
|(AlF
 
6
)
 
2
] · 10H
 
2
O
26.21Chukhrovite-(Ce)
Ca
 
3
(Ce,Y)[F|SO
 
4
|(AlF
 
6
)
 
2
] · 10H
 
2
O
26.22Grandreefite
Pb
 
2
(SO
 
4
)F
 
2
26.23Pseudograndreefite
Pb
 
6
(SO
 
4
)F
 
10
26.24Sundiusite
Pb
 
10
(SO
 
4
)O
 
8
Cl
 
2
26.25Caracolite
Na
 
3
Pb
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
Cl
26.26Mammothite
Pb
 
6
Cu
 
4
AlSb
5+
 
O
 
2
(OH)
 
16
Cl
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
26.27Atlasovite
K(BiO)Cu
 
6
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
O
 
3
Cl
26.28Xitieshanite
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)Cl · 6H
 
2
O
26.29Nabokoite
KCu
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
(Te
4+
 
O
 
3
)OCl

Other Names for Kleinite

Other Languages:
German:Kleinit
Spanish:Kleinita

Other Information

Thermal Behaviour:Optical properties vary with temperature.
Other Information:Soluble in warm HCl and HNO3 without deposition of calomel. Soluble in ammonium bromide with evolution of ammonia.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Kleinite

Reference List:

- +
Moses (1903) American Journal of Science: 16: 253 (as "yellow mercury mineral No. 5).

Hillebrand (1905) Science: 22: 844 (as mercurammonite).

Sachs (1905) Ak. Wiss. Berlin, Sitzber.: 1091.

Hillebrand (1906) American Journal of Science: 21: 85.

Hillebrand (1906) Journal of the American Chem. Society 28: 122.

Sachs (1905) Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, der Sitzungsberichte: 1091.

Sachs (1906) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 200.

Hilleband and Schaller (1909) USGS Bulletin 405: 18.

Scaller (1912) USGS Bulletin 509: 108.

Doelter, C. (1930) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 4 [3]: 405.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 87-89.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1996): 49.

Internet Links for Kleinite

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    • Localities for Kleinite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Palatinate
        • Alsenz-Obermoschel
    		Lapis 2001(6), 13-40
    USA
     
    • Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Opalite District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada; McCormack, J.K. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35(8), 796-798.
    • Texas
      • Brewster Co.
    		Sitzungsber.Akad.Wissensch.,Berlin (1905) 21, 1091-1094; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 55, 88.
    Rocks & Minerals: 66(1): 202.
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