Kornerupine
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Kornerupine
Formula:
Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH)
Colour:
Colorless, white, blue, green, yellow-brown, black
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6 - 7
Specific Gravity:
3.29 - 3.35
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in honor of Andreas Nikolaus Kornerup (7 February 1857, Copenhagen, Denmark - 3 September 1881, Copenhagen, Denmark) explorer, geologist, and artist who made multiple research trips to Greenland.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2254
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2254:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
81886eaf-38aa-485b-8a8b-7df35a821b01
IMA Classification of Kornerupine
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(Mg,Fe2+,Al,◻)10(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH,F)2
First published:
1884
Type description reference:
Classification of Kornerupine
9.BJ.50
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
J : Sorosilicates with Si3O10, Si4O11, etc. anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
J : Sorosilicates with Si3O10, Si4O11, etc. anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
58.1.1.1
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
1 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [4] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n=1, 2)
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
1 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [4] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n=1, 2)
17.5.15
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Krn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Krn | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
Krn | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Krn | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Krn | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Kornerupine
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Colorless, white, blue, green, yellow-brown, black
Hardness:
6 - 7 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {110}
Good on {110}
Density:
3.29 - 3.35 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.288 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kornerupine
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.660 - 1.671 nβ = 1.673 - 1.683 nγ = 1.674 - 1.684
2V:
Measured: 3° to 48°, Calculated: 30° to 32°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.014
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v or r < v
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = colorless to green; Y = colorless, pale brownish yellow, pale yellowish green; Z = pale brownish green, green, light amber.
Comments:
may be pseudouniaxial (-).
Chemistry of Kornerupine
Mindat Formula:
Mg3Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH)
Common Impurities:
Ti,Mn,Ca,Li,Na,F
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
1 | 2 | |
---|---|---|
SiO2 | 30.90 % | 31.06 % |
B2O3 | 3.45 % | 2.10 % |
Al2O3 | 41.45 % | 40.52 % |
Fe2O3 | 1.72 % | 5.04 % |
FeO | 2.65 % | 0.29 % |
MnO | 0.06 % | 0.03 % |
MgO | 18.62 % | 19.96 % |
TiO2 | 0.07 % | 0.25 % |
Na2O | 0.12 % | % |
H2O | 1.08 % | 0.38 % |
CaO | % | 0.08 % |
Total: | 100.12 % | 99.71 % |
Sample references:
ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Ianakafy, Ianakafy, Betroka District, Anosy, Madagascar | ||
2 | Hullvann, Bjordam, Bamble, Telemark, Norway | Analysis performed by B. Bruun. |
Crystallography of Kornerupine
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Cmcm
Setting:
Cmcm
Cell Parameters:
a = 16.041(3) Å, b = 13.746(2) Å, c = 6.715(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.167 : 1 : 0.489
Unit Cell V:
1,480.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic crystals showing {110}, {100}, {010}
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0001247 | Kornerupine | Moore P B, Sen Gupta P K, Schlemper E O (1989) Kornerupine: Chemical crystallography, comparative crystallography, and its cation relation to olivine and to Ni2In intermetallic American Mineralogist 74 642-655 | 1989 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001414 | Kornerupine | Klaska R, Grew E S (1991) The crystal structure of B-free kornerupine: Conditions favoring the incorporation of variable amounts of B through B = Si substitution in kornerupine American Mineralogist 76 1824-1835 | 1991 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.37 Å | (60) |
3.03 Å | (80) |
2.639 Å | (100) |
2.118 Å | (60) |
2.096 Å | (30) |
1.685 Å | (30) |
1.503 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Kornerupine
General Appearance of Type Material:
White radiating masses.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Reference:
Lorenzen, J. (1884) Kornerupin. Meddelelser om Grønland: 7: 19-22.
Synonyms of Kornerupine
Other Language Names for Kornerupine
Varieties of Kornerupine
Star Kornerupine | A very rare variety of kornerupine exhibiting a star pattern when viewed along a specific axis. |
Relationship of Kornerupine to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
9 photos of Kornerupine associated with Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
9 photos of Kornerupine associated with Ruby | Al2O3 |
7 photos of Kornerupine associated with Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
3 photos of Kornerupine associated with Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
2 photos of Kornerupine associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
1 photo of Kornerupine associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
1 photo of Kornerupine associated with Scapolite | |
1 photo of Kornerupine associated with Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
1 photo of Kornerupine associated with Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
1 photo of Kornerupine associated with Schreyerite | V3+2Ti3O9 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.BJ. | Arsenmedaite | Mn2+6 As5+Si5O18(OH) |
9.BJ.05 | Orientite | Ca8Mn3+10(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10 · 4H2O |
9.BJ.10 | Rosenhahnite | HCa3[Si3O9(OH)] |
9.BJ.15 | Trabzonite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 |
9.BJ.20 | Thalénite-(Y) | Y3Si3O10F |
9.BJ.25 | Tiragalloite | Mn2+4As5+Si3O12(OH) |
9.BJ.30 | Medaite | Mn2+6V5+Si5O18(OH) |
9.BJ.35 | Ruizite | Ca2Mn3+2[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2 · 2H2O |
9.BJ.35 | Taniajacoite | SrCaMn3+2Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
9.BJ.35 | Strontioruizite | Sr2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
9.BJ.40 | Ardennite-(As) | Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
9.BJ.40 | Ardennite-(V) | Mn2+4Al4(AlMg)(VO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
9.BJ.40 | Kannanite | Ca4Al4(AlMg)(VO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6 |
9.BJ.40 | Alpeite | Ca4Mn3+2Al2(Mn3+Mg)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(V5+O4)(OH)6 |
9.BJ.45 | Kilchoanite | Ca6(SiO4)(Si3O10) |
9.BJ.50 | Prismatine | (◻,Fe,Mg)(Mg,Al,Fe)5Al4Si2(Si,Al)2(B,Si,Al)(O,OH,F)22 |
9.BJ.55 | Zunyite | Al13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl |
9.BJ.60 | Hubeite | Ca2Mn2+Fe3+Si4O12(OH) · 2H2O |
9.BJ.65 | Cassagnaite | (Ca,Mn2+)4(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al)4(V3+,Mg,Al)2(Si3O10)(SiO4)2(OH,O)8 |
9.BJ.70 | Pavlovskyite | Ca8(SiO4)2(Si3O10) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Kornerupine in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Kornerupine
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2254.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Kornerupine
Reference List:
Lacroix, Alfred (1922) Minéralogie de Madagascar, Tome I. Géologie-Minéralogie descriptive. Augustin Challamel, Paris. p.1-624. pp.396-396
Balasubrahmanyan, M. N. (1965) Note on kornerupine from Ellammankovilpatti, Madras, India. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 35 (272) 662-664 doi:10.1180/minmag.1965.035.272.12
Grew, Edward S. (1983) A grandidierite-sapphirine association from India. Mineralogical Magazine, 47 (344) 401-403 doi:10.1180/minmag.1983.047.344.20
Grew, Edward S., Herd, Richard K., Marquez, Nicholas (1987) Boron-bearing kornerupine from Fiskemesset, West Greenland: a re-examination of specimens from the type locality. Mineralogical Magazine, 51 (363) 695-708 doi:10.1180/minmag.1987.051.363.10
Grew, E. S., Chernosky, J. V., Werding, G., ABRAHAM, K., MARQUEZ, N., HINTHORNE, J. R. (1990) Chemistry of Kornerupine and Associated Minerals, a Wet Chemical, Ion Microprobe, and X-Ray Study Emphasizing Li, Be, B and F Contents. Journal of Petrology, 31 (5) 1025-1070 doi:10.1093/petrology/31.5.1025
Ackermand, Dietrich, Windley, Brian F., Razafiniparany, Andriantefison H. (1991) Kornerupine breakdown reactions in paragneisses from southern Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine, 55 (378) 71-80 doi:10.1180/minmag.1991.055.378.06
Grew, Edward S., Pertsev, Nikolai N., Vrána, Stanislav, Yates, Martin G., Shearer, Charles K., Wiedenbeck, Michael (1998) Kornerupine parageneses in whiteschists and other magnesian rocks: is kornerupine + talc a high-pressure assemblage equivalent to tourmaline + orthoamphibole?. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 131 (1) 22-38 doi:10.1007/s004100050376
Localities for Kornerupine
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Journal of Petrology et al. (7) |
| Cooper +2 other references |
C. J. Carson (1995) | |
C. J. Carson (1995) | |
| Tetsuo Kawakami (2005) +1 other reference |
Australia | |
| Warren et al. (1983) |
| R.G.Warren & D.H.McColl 1983. ... |
Dobos | |
Warren et al. (1983) | |
| Warren et al. (1983) |
Cooper | |
Neues Jahrb Mineral Monatsh1:15-35. (1976) | |
Canada | |
| Lonker (1980) +1 other reference |
| Peck et al. (2022) |
| Hull-Maniwaki +3 other references |
China | |
| Jisheng Jiang et al. (1992) |
Colombia | |
| Sutherland et al. (2008) |
Finland | |
| Hytönen (1999) |
Haapala +2 other references | |
| Grew et al. (1998) |
France | |
| Claude Laforêt |
Greenland | |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
| Petersen et al. (1980) |
| Grew et al. (1987) |
Friend C.R.L. (1995) | |
India | |
| Leelanandam |
| Grew (1983) |
| Lal |
| . Sajeev |
| Balasubrahmanyan (1965) |
| Sharma |
| Murthy |
Kenya | |
| Lapis 8 (4) |
| Collection of NHM |
Madagascar | |
| Christophe-Michel-Lévy et al. (1959) |
| Ackermand et al. (1991) |
| California Institute of Technology photo |
| Behier (1960) |
| von Knorring et al. (1969) |
| American Mineralogist 9:22. +3 other references |
Lacroix (1939) | |
| Behier (1964) |
| Fritsch et al. (2016) |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection ( # M-484, MM-2140) | |
Myanmar | |
| Themelis (2008) |
| |
| Themelis (2008) |
Norway | |
| Nijland et al. (1998) |
Hulzebosch-Sijen et al. (1990) | |
| Nijland et al. (1998) |
| Hulzebosch-Sijen et al. (1990) |
| NHM |
| Grew et al. (1990) |
| Wel (1973) |
| Jan Kihle photos & identification. |
Russia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Cooper | |
Slovakia | |
| Háber et al. (Dankova, SGR Mnts) |
South Africa | |
| De Villiers (1940) +2 other references |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Moore et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Contrib Mineral Petrol (1985) |
Contrib Mineral Petrol (1985) | |
Hokada et al. (2001) | |
Sri Lanka | |
| Cooper +1 other reference |
| Dissanayake et al. (2000) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Grew et al. (1995) |
Tajikistan | |
| Levitskii V.I. e.a. (1990) +1 other reference |
Malsy et al. (2010) | |
Grew et al. (1998) | |
Tanzania | |
| McKie (1965) +2 other references |
Uganda | |
| www.min.uni-kiel.de (n.d.) |
USA | |
| Young |
| Volkert et al. (1) |
| NY State Museum spec. no. 18734 |
| NY State Museum spec. no. 15770 |
Robinson et al. (2007) +1 other reference | |
| Bullock (1981) |
Zambia | |
| Grew et al. (1998) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Grew et al. (1997) |
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Qeqertarsuatsiaat area, Nuuk, Sermersooq, Greenland