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Kremersite

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Anna Mine, Alsdorf, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
© Vincent Bourgoin

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Formula:
(NH
 
4
,K)
 
2
[Fe
3+
 
Cl
 
5
(H
 
2
O)]
System:OrthorhombicColour:Brown-red
Name:After German chemist Peter Kremers (1827-?).
Isostructural with:Erythrosiderite


Very deliquescent, survives only under favourable ambient conditions.

Classification of Kremersite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:3/C.07-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:3.CJ.10

3 : HALIDES
C : Complex halides
J : With MX6 complexes; M = Fe, Mn, Cu
Dana 8th edition ID:11.4.1.2

11 : HALIDE COMPLEXES
4 : AmBX5·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:8.11.7

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
11 : Halides of Fe and Ni
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Type Occurrence of Kremersite

Type Locality:Mt Vesuvius, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy
Year of Discovery:1853
Geological Setting of type material:Active volcanic fumaroles.
Associated Minerals at type locality:
Erythrosiderite

Physical Properties of Kremersite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Brown-red
Cleavage:Perfect
On {21-} and {011}.
Density (measured):2 g/cm3

Crystallography of Kremersite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 9.8Å, b = 13.65Å, c = 7.02Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.718 : 1 : 0.514
Unit Cell Volume:V 939.07 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals pseudooctahedral with {011} and {210} in equal development.
Twinning:On [21_1] and [20_1] (artificial material)

Optical Data of Kremersite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.715 nβ = 1.750 nγ = 1.800
2V:Measured: 62° , Calculated: 82°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.085

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v or r < v

Chemical Properties of Kremersite

Formula:
(NH
 
4
,K)
 
2
[Fe
3+
 
Cl
 
5
(H
 
2
O)]
Essential elements:Cl, Fe, H, N, O
All elements listed in formula:Cl, Fe, H, K, N, O

Relationship of Kremersite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
3.CJ.05Chlormanganokalite
K
 
4
[MnCl
 
6
]
3.CJ.05Rinneite
K
 
3
Na[FeCl
 
6
]
3.CJ.10Erythrosiderite
K
 
2
[Fe
3+
 
Cl
 
5
(H
 
2
O)]
3.CJ.15Mitscherlichite
K
 
2
CuCl
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
3.CJ.20Douglasite
K
 
2
[Fe
2+
 
Cl
 
4
(OH
 
2
)
 
2
]
3.CJ.25Redikortsevite
(NH
 
4
)MgCl
 
3
 · 6H
 
2
O
3.CJ.30Zirklerite
(Fe,Mg,Ca)
 
9
Al
 
4
Cl
 
18
(OH)
 
12
 · 14H
 
2
O (?)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
8.11.1Molysite
FeCl
 
3
8.11.2Hydromolysite
FeCl
 
3
 · 6H
 
2
O
8.11.3Rokühnite
FeCl
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
8.11.4Douglasite
K
 
2
[Fe
2+
 
Cl
 
4
(OH
 
2
)
 
2
]
8.11.5Erythrosiderite
K
 
2
[Fe
3+
 
Cl
 
5
(H
 
2
O)]
8.11.6Rinneite
K
 
3
Na[FeCl
 
6
]
8.11.8Iowaite
Mg
 
6
Fe
3+
2
(OH)
 
16
Cl
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.11.9Nickelbischofite
NiCl
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
8.11.10Lawrencite
(Fe
2+
 
,Ni)Cl
 
2

Other Names for Kremersite

Synonyms:
KopeiskiteKopeyskite
Other Languages:
German:Eisenchlorid mit Chlorkalium
Kremersit
Spanish:Kremersita

Other Information

Other Information:Very deliquescent. Readily soluble in water.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Kremersite

Reference List:

- +
Kremers (1851) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 84: 79.

Kengott (1853) Ubersichte der Resultate mineralogischer Forschungen For the years 1850-51, Vienna: 9.

Johnson (1903) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: II: 93 (artif. mat.).

Lacroix (1907) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 30: 253.

Lacroix (1908) Comptes rendu de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 147: 162.

Slavik (1912) Ac. Sc. Bohéme, Bull.: 17: 5.

Larsen, E.S. and Berman, H. (1934) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, Second edition, USGS Bulletin 848: 135.

Bellanca (1948) Periodico de Mineralogia-Roma: 17: 1.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume II: 101-103.

Internet Links for Kremersite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Kremersite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Kremersite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Germany
     
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Alsdorf
    		Blaß, G. and Strehler, H. (1993): Mineralbildungen in einer durch Selbstentzündung brennenden Bergehalde des Aachener Steinkohlenreviers. Mineralien-Welt 4 (4), 35-42. (in German)
    • Saxony
      • Dresden
        • Freital
    		XRD analysis (T. Witzke)
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 102; Lapis (1994): 5: 13-23, 58.
    • Sicily
      • Catania Province
        • Etna Volcanic Complex
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 102; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
      • Messina Province
        • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
          • Lipari
            • Vulcano Island
    		Campostrini I. et al - Vulcano: ein aussergewohnlicher Fundpunkt von neuen und seltenen Mineralien - MineralienWelt 2010 - nr.3 - p.40-57
    Japan
     
    • Tokyo Prefecture
      • Izu Archipelago
    		S. Matsubara (2002) "The Mineral Species of Japan" (Koubutsu Joho)
    Poland
     
    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
      • Upper Silesian Coal Basin
        • Katowice area
    		Parafiniuk, J. and Kruszewski, Ł. (2009): Ammonium minerals from burning coal-dumps of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). Geol. Quart., 53, 341-356. http://www.pgi.gov.pl/images/stories/G_Q/53_3/parafiniuk.pdf]
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Chelyabinsk coal basin
            • Kopeisk
    		Cesnokov, B., M. Kotrly, and T. Nisanbajev (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
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