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Kutnohorite

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Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese fields, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
© namibiaminerals

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Formula:
Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
System:TrigonalColour:White, pale rose, pink, ...
Hardness:3½ - 4
Member of:Dolomite Group
Name:From the type locality - Kutna Hora, Bohemia, Czech Republic.


Dolomite Group. Ankerite-Kutnohorite Series.

Classification of Kutnohorite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/B.03-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:5.AB.10

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
A : Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O
B : Alkali-earth (and other M2+) carbonates
Dana 8th edition ID:14.2.1.3

14 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
2 : AB(XO3)2
Hey's CIM Ref.:11.12.4

11 : Carbonates
12 : Carbonates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Kutnohorite

Type Locality:Poličany, Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg), Central Bohemia Region, Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen), Czech Republic
Year of Discovery:1901

Occurrences of Kutnohorite

Geological Setting:Manganiferous sediments

Physical Properties of Kutnohorite

Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:White, pale rose, pink, light to medium brown
Hardness (Mohs):3½ - 4
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {1011}
Fracture:Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.12 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.15 g/cm3

Crystallography of Kutnohorite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:R3
Cell Parameters:a = 4.8518(3) Å, c = 16.217(2) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 3.342
Unit Cell Volume:V 330.60 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:3
Morphology:Polycrstalline spherules
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Kutnohorite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 1.710 - 1.727 nε = 1.519 - 1.535
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.191 - 0.192

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate

Chemical Properties of Kutnohorite

Formula:
Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Essential elements:C, Ca, Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:C, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, O

Relationship of Kutnohorite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Ankerite (see here)
Member of:Dolomite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Ankerite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Dolomite
CaMg(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Minrecordite
CaZn(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
5.AB.05Calcite
CaCO
 
3
5.AB.05Gaspéite
(Ni,Mg,Fe)CO
 
3
5.AB.05Magnesite
MgCO
 
3
5.AB.05Otavite
CdCO
 
3
5.AB.05Rhodochrosite
MnCO
 
3
5.AB.05Siderite
FeCO
 
3
5.AB.05Smithsonite
ZnCO
 
3
5.AB.05Spherocobaltite
CoCO
 
3
5.AB.10Ankerite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
5.AB.10Dolomite
CaMg(CO
 
3
)
 
2
5.AB.10Minrecordite
CaZn(CO
 
3
)
 
2
5.AB.15Aragonite
CaCO
 
3
5.AB.15Cerussite
PbCO
 
3
5.AB.15Strontianite
SrCO
 
3
5.AB.15Witherite
BaCO
 
3
5.AB.20Vaterite
CaCO
 
3
5.AB.25Huntite
CaMg
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
5.AB.30Norsethite
BaMg(CO
 
3
)
 
2
5.AB.35Alstonite
BaCa(CO
 
3
)
 
2
5.AB.40Olekminskite
Sr(Sr,Ba)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
5.AB.40Paralstonite
BaCa(CO
 
3
)
 
2
5.AB.45Barytocalcite
BaCa(CO
 
3
)
 
2
5.AB.50Carbocernaite
(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
5.AB.55Benstonite
(Ba,Sr)
 
6
(Ca,Mn)
 
6
Mg(CO
 
3
)
 
13
5.AB.60Juangodoyite
Na
 
2
Cu(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
11.12.1Rhodochrosite
MnCO
 
3
11.12.2Holdawayite
Mn
 
6
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
7
(Cl,OH)
11.12.3Desautelsite
Mg
 
6
Mn
3+
2
(OH)
 
16
[CO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O

Other Names for Kutnohorite

Synonyms:
KutnahoriteKutnohorrite
Other Languages:
German:Kutnahorit
Kutnohorit
Russian:Кутногорит
Simplified Chinese:锰白云石
铁锰云石
Spanish:Kutnahorita
Kutnohorita
Traditional Chinese:錳白雲石
Varieties:
Parakutnahorite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Kutnohorite

Reference List:

- +
Bukowsky (1901) Anz. III Congress böhm. Naturfor. und Ärzte, Prague: 293.

Frondel, Clifford & L.H. Bauer (1955), Kutnahorite, a manganese dolomite, CaMn(CO3)2: American Mineralogist: 40: 748-760.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 217.

American Mineralogist (1987): 72: 319-328.

Powder Diffraction: 3: 172-174.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1988): 539.

Internet Links for Kutnohorite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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    • Localities for Kutnohorite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Catamarca
      • Belen Department
        • Farallón Negro
          • Agua de Dionisio mining district (YMAD)
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    • Tasmania
      • Rosebery district
        • Rosebery
        • Williamsford
          • Mt Read
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Western Australia
      • Perenjori Shire
        • Mount Mulgine
    		Mineralogy and Genesis of the Trench Tungsten Deposit, Mt Mulgine, Western Australia; CJR Migisha, RA BOTH; Mineralium Deposita; Vol 26, issue 4, pp247-256 1991.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
    		H. Meixner: 32(3):85-97 (1981)
          • Lölling
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Packalpe
        • Bad St Leonhard
    		Taucher, J. (1995): Matrixx - Mineralogische Nachrichten aus Österreich 4, 52-56
    • Salzburg
      • Abtenau
        • Tennen Mts
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    • Styria
      • Koralpe
        • Deutschlandsberg
          • Glashütten
    		SEM-EDS, Franz Bernhard, 2007
      • Mitterdorf
        • Veitsch
          • Kleinveitsch
            • Kaiblinggraben
    		Gerald Gesselbauer (06.2010)
    Bojar, H.-P. (2006)
    Belgium
     
    • Liège Province
      • Stavelot Massif
        • Lienne valley
          • Stoumont
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Poços de Caldas plateau
        • Poços de Caldas
    		Horváth, Menezes, Toft ollections - confirmed by XRD & microprobe
    Bulgaria
     
    • Sofiya Oblast (Sofia Oblast)
    Burkina Faso
     
    • Centre-Nord Region
    		Sattran, V. & Wenmenga, U. (2002): Géologie du Burkina Faso - Geology of Burkina Faso. Czech Geological Survey, 136 pp.
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Slocan Mining Division
        • Riondel
    		Min Rec (1977) 8:34-36
      • Vernon Mining Division
        • Vernon
    		www.em.gov.bc.ca/cf/minfile
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Labrador
    		KLEIN, C. (1966): Mineralogy and petrology of the metamorphosed Wabush iron formation, southwest Labrador. Journal of Petrology 7, 246-305.
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
        • Blachford Lake alkaline complex
    		SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
    Sheard, E.R. (2010); Emma R. Sheard, Anthony E. Williams-Jones, Martin Heiligmann, Chris Pederson and David L. Trueman (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists(January 2012), 107(1):81-104; SHEARD, E.R., WILLIAMS-JONES, A.E., HEILIGMANN, M., PEDERSON, C. AND TRUEMAN, D.L. (2012) Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 107(1), 81-104.
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Horváth, L and Gault, R.A. (1990), The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire Quebec. Mineralogical Record: 21: 284-359.
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Chañaral Province
        • Diego de Almagro
          • Potrerillos
    		Maksaev, V., Townley, B., Palacios, C., and Camus, F. (2007): Metallic ore deposits. In: Moreno, T., and Gibbons, W. (editors): The Geology of Chile. The Geological Society (London), pp. 414.
    China
     
    • Chongqing Municipality
      • Chengkou Co.
    		Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    Gongqin Zhang (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(7), 10-16
    Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    Jiuling Zhang (1982): Geology and Prospecting 18(2), 26-40; Xiong Song (1989): Geology and Prospecting 25(5), 3-10; Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Guigang Prefecture
        • Guiping Co.
    		Guangxiang Cheng (1984): Geology and Prospecting 20(9), 1-10, 32
      • Wuzhou Prefecture
        • Cangwu Co.
          • Liubao
    		Lees, B., S. Behling, D. Misantoni, V. Luders, R. Romer, P. L. Sanchez, P. Cory (2011) The Wutong Mine, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Mineralogical Record 42:521-544.
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Yizhang Co.
          • Yaogangxian W-Sn ore field
    		Jensen, M. (2009): Mineral News 25(4), 1-11, 14; Ottens, B. (2011): Mineralogical Record 42, 557-603
      • Xiangtan Prefecture
        • Yuhu District
    		Jiuling Zhang (1982): Geology and Prospecting 18(2), 26-40; Canhui Luo (1990): Geology and Prospecting 26(4), 1-6; Varentsov, I.M. (1996): Manganese ores of supergene zone: Geochemistry of formation. Springer (Berlin, Heidelberg, New York), 342 pp.
      • Yiyang Prefecture
        • Heshan District
    		Mengjun Ceng (1992): Geology and Prospecting 28(8), 13-18
    Ziqiang Wei (1976): Geology and Prospecting 12(8), 25-29
        • Taojiang Co.
    		Mengjun Ceng (1992): Geology and Prospecting 28(8), 13-18; Bo Peng, Piestrzynski, A., Pieczonka, J., Meilian Xiao, Yaozhu Wang, Shurong Xie, Xiaoyan Tang, Changxun Yu and Zhi Song (2007): Environmental Geology 52(7), 1277-1296
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Ulaan Chab League (Wulanchabu Prefecture)
        • Chahar Right Front Banner (Chaha'er Youyi Qianqi)
    		Wang Chen, Ziying Sun, Guojun Liu, Jinwa Wang, and Jianping Wang (2006): Geology and Prospecting 42(1), 26-29
    • Jiangsu Province
      • Nanjing Prefecture
        • Qixia District
    		Caiwen Cai (1983): Geology and Prospecting 19(6), 18-23; Zhenmin Xiao, Xiaoshan Guo, Yijun Ou, Qinxing Lu, and Linyuan Xing (1983): Geology and Prospecting 19(9), 1-7
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Chaoyang Prefecture
        • Chaoyang Co.
    		Fan, D., Ye, J., and Li, J. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 31-53.
      • Huludao Prefecture
        • Jianchang Co.
          • Bajiazi Zn-Pb-Ag deposit
    		Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.
    Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.
    Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.
    Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.
    • Shaanxi Province
      • Ankang Prefecture
        • Ziyang Co.
    		Gongqin Zhang (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(7), 10-16; Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    Gongqin Zhang (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(7), 10-16; Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
      • Hanzhong Prefecture
        • Hantai District
    		Hein, J.R., Fan, D., Ye, J., Liu, T., and Yeh, H.-W. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 95-134.
        • Ningqiang Co.
    		Kefa Yang (1982): Geology and Prospecting 18(7), 25-26; Yeh, H.-W., Hein, J.R., Ye, J., and Fan, D. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 55-69
        • Xixiang Co.
    		Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
        • Zhenba Co.
    		Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    • Sichuan Province
      • Dazhou Prefecture
        • Wanyuan Co.
    		Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
      • Leshan Prefecture
        • Jinkouhe District
    		Fan, D., Hein, J.R., and Ye, J. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 135-151.
      • Ngawa Autonomous Prefecture (Aba Autonomous Prefecture)
        • Heishui Co.
    		Shengming Lu (1988): Geology and Prospecting 24(5), 7, 30-32
      • Ya'an Prefecture
        • Hanyuan Co.
    		Jiuling Zhang (1982): Geology and Prospecting 18(2), 26-40; Fan, D., Hein, J.R., and Ye, J. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 135-151
    • Yunnan Province
      • Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Yanshan Co.
    		Jiuling Zhang (1982): Geology and Prospecting 18(2), 26-40
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
    		No reference listed
    NJMM (1988), 539
    Pauliš P. Mineralogické lokality okolí Kutné Hory. Kuttna, Kutná Hora 1999. ISBN 80-902719-0-1.
        • Příbram
          • Březové Hory (Birkenberg) ore region
            • Březové Hory deposit
    		Trdlička Z.: Kutnohorit z Příbrami. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1979, 24, 1, 90.
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Sokolov (Falkenau an der Eger)
    		Beran, P., Rojík, P.: Mineralogie a geologie lomu Lomnice v sokolovské hnědouhelné pánvi. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 77-83.
      • Pardubice Region
    		Prachař, I.: Současný stav výskytu nerostů ve Chvaleticích. Acta musei Reginaehradecensis, série A: vědy přírodní, 1981, roč. XVI., s. 99-102.
    France
     
    • Burgundy
      • Nièvre
        • Villapourçon
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 491-493.
    • Franche-Comté
      • Haute-Saône
        • Faucogney-et-la-Mer
          • Esmoulières
            • Saphoz
    		Perseil, E. A. (1975) - Nature and mineralogical studies of manganese oxides and carbonates in Faucogney (Haute-Saone). Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, D, 280, 1931-1934
    Perseil, E. A. (1975) - Nature and mineralogical studies of manganese oxides and carbonates in Faucogney (Haute-Saone). Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, D, 280, 1931-1934
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 475-478.
        • Saint-Girons
          • Castelnau-Durban
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 475-478.
          • Esplas de Serou
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 475-478.
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
        • Aure Valley
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    Gabon
     
    • Haut-Ogooué Province
      • Léboumbi-Leyou Department
        • Moanda
    		Econ Geol (1988) 83:93-117
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Spessart
          • Hösbach
            • Sailauf
              • Hartkoppe
    		Lorenz, J. (1991): Die Mineralien im Rhyolithsteinbruch von Sailauf, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 42, 1-38
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Bad Grund
            • Wiemannsbucht
    		No reference listed
      • Peine
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz
        • Wernigerode
          • Elbingerode
    		Lapis 2003(2), 13-20
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Freiberg District
          • Bräunsdorf
    		J Gröbner collection
          • Naundorf
    		Grütze, T. (2006): Rauchquarz und Kugelpyrite aus dem Steinbruch Naundorf bei Freiberg/Sachsen. Lapis 31 (12), 16-19.
    Ghana
     
    • Western Region
      • Tarkwa
    		Mücke, A., Dzigbodi-Adjimah, K., and Annor, A. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 297-311.; Resource Geology Volume 48, Issue 1, pages 13–22, March 1998
    Hungary
     
    • Pest Co.
      • Börzsöny Mts.
        • Márianosztra
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Bakony Mts.
        • Úrkút
          • Csárda Hill
    		Szakáll & Jánosi (1996) The Minerals of Hungary
    India
     
    • Karnataka
      • Kolar District
        • Kolar Gold Fields
    		Anantha Iyer, G.V. and Narayanan Kutty, T.R. (1975) Curr. Sci., 44, #11, 371-373.
    Indonesia
     
    • Jawa Island (Java Island)
      • Jawa Barat Province (West Java Province)
        • Bogor District
    		Milési, J.P., Marcoux, E., Sitorus, T., Simandjuntak, M., Leroy, J., and Bailly, L. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 131-149.
    • Kalimantan Island (Borneo Island)
      • Kalimantan Timur Province (East Kalimantan Province)
    		Davies, A. G. S. et al. (2008): Econ. Geol. 103, 717-757.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Nus
        • Saint-Barthélemy
    		• Barresi, A.A., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P., Bracco, R., Bonacina, E. (2005): La miniera di manganese di Varenche (Aosta, Italia nord-occidentale): ardennite, arseniopleite, manganberzeliite, pirofanite, sarkinite, thortveitite, nuovo As-Sc-analogo della metavariscite e altre specie. Micro (località), 2/2005, 81-122.
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
    		Redazionale (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia del Ferrania Club, 19 , 3-5.
    Cortesogno, L., Lucchetti, G., Penco, A.M. (1979): Le mineralizzazioni a manganese nei diaspri delle ofioliti liguri: mineralogia e genesi. Rendiconti Società Iitaliana di Mineralogia e Petrologia. 35, 151-197
    Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia.
            • Reppia
    		Redazione (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia Ferrania Club, 19, 3-5.
      • La Spezia Province
        • Rocchetta Vara
    		probed by Balestra C.
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
    		I minerali della provincia di Sondrio Valmalenco, Francessco Bedogné, Attilio Montrasio, Enrico Sciesa pag. 202
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Lanzo Massif
              • Tesso Valley
                • Monastero di Lanzo
                  • Chiaves
    		Ambrino, P., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G., Airaudi, D. (2010): Primo ritrovamento di caryopilite e kutnohorite in Piemonte: Croce di Chiaves, Ceres, Torino. Micro (UK report) 1/2010, 134-141
        • Susa Valley
          • Cesana Torinese
    		Brizio, P., Ambrino, P., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010). L'affioramento a Mn, SiO, Fe, S di Roccia Rossa, Cesana, Torino. Micro (località) 1/2010, 313-328
    • Tuscany
      • Arezzo Province
        • Valdarno (Val d'Arno)
          • Bucine
    		Corazza, M., Pratesi, G., & Braga, R., 1994. Minerals of the Upper Arno River Valley, Tuscany, Italy. Mineralogical Record, 25: 293-299.
          • Cavriglia
            • Santa Barbara lignite District
    		Bini B., Menchetti S. (1985) - Kutnohorite from Levane Upper Valdarno (Italy). Periodico di Mineralogia, Roma, pp. 61-66 and Mineralogical Record, 25 (4), 293-299.
      • Florence & Arezzo Provinces
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
          • Temperino
    		Dini, A., Orlandi, P. & Vezzoni, S. (2013). Temperino e Lanzi. Le paragenesi primarie dello skarn. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/2013, 28-39.
      • Massa-Carrara Province
        • Fivizzano
    		Mancini, S. (2000). Le mineralizzazioni a manganese delle Alpi Apuane. Tesi di laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza Province
        • Recoaro Terme
    		Gianfranco Capolupi's found. Analized by Gunter Blass (Eschweiler) Germany Cod. ( MB0810 )
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido
      • Oshima peninsula
        • Kaminokuni
    		Nambu et al (1979) Ganseki-Koubutsu-Koshogaku Zasshi (JAMP), 74, 406-412.; Hariya, Yu; Hasegawa, Kiyoshi (1979) Contact Metasomatic Zone and Massive Ore Body in Manganese Epithermal Deposits of the Jokoku Mine, Hokkaido, Japan. Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. IV, vol. 19, nos. 1-2, March, 1979, pp. 265-272.
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu region
        • Nagano prefecture
          • Hata
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Karumai
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Kuzumaki
    		Tanida, K. & Kitamura, T. (1982) Mineralogy and thermal transformation of kutnahorite from Fujikura mine, Iwate Prefecture, with the subsolidus relation of system CaO-manganese oxide…. J. Japan Ass. Min. Petr. & Econ. Geol., 77, 227-234
          • Shimohei-gun
            • Yamada
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Yamagata Prefecture
          • Yonezawa City
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated by the Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kyushu Region
      • Oita Prefecture
        • Ono-gun
    		Kiyoshi Kiikuni (Keys Minerals) specimen
    Jordan
     
    • Wadi Arabah (Wadi Araba)
    		Qatar Univ. Sci. J. 21:101-117.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Kostanay Province (Qostanay Oblysy; Kostanai Oblast')
    		A. Kasatkin data
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • West Camp
            • Francisco Portillo
    		Panczner (1987):94-366.
    • Guerrero
      • Mun. de Taxco
        • Taxco de Alarcón (Taxco; Tasco)
    		Leon Hupperichs Collection
    • Hidalgo
      • Mun. de Molango
        • Otongo
    		Econ Geol (1988) 83:93-117
    Panczner(1987): 248.
    Panczner (1987): 248.; Econ Geol (1988) 83:93-117
    • Mexico
      • Mun. de Temascaltepec
        • Temascaltepec de González (Temascaltepec)
    		Camprubi, A., Canals, A., Cardellach, E., Prol-Ledesma, R.M., Rivera, R., 2001, The La Guitarra Ag-Au low-sulfidation epithermal deposit, Temascaltepec district, Mexico: vein structure, mineralogy, and sulfide-sulfosalt chemistry. Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication, v. 8, p. 133-158.
    Namibia
     
    • Karas Region
      • Lüderitz District
        • Rosh Pinah
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 395 pp. (in English)
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Dunn, P.J. (1991), Rare minerals of the Kombat Mine, Mineralogical Record: 22(6): 421-425.
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Otago
    		Sameshima T, Kawachi Y (1991) Coombsite, Mn analogue of zussmanite, and associated Mn-silicates, parsettensite and caryopilite, from southeast Otago, New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 34, 329-335
    Peru
     
    • Arequipa Department
      • Castilla Province
        • Shila-Paula District
    		Chauvet, A., Bailly, L., André, A.-S., Monié, P., Cassard, D., Tajada, F.L., Vargas, J.R., and Tuduri, J. (2006): Mineralium Deposita 41, 387-410.
    • Lima Department
      • Oyon Province
    		Economic Geology November 1990 v. 85 no. 7 p. 1348-1383
    • Pasco department
      • Pasco province
        • Cerro de Pasco
          • Atacocha mining district
    		Hyrsl & Rosales (2003) Mineralogical Record, 34, 241-254.
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Kaczawskie Mts
        • Radzimowice
          • Stara Góra
            • Stara Góra deposit
    		1. R. Siuda, 2001 : New sulphate minerals from the Stara Góra oxidised zone, Radzimowice, Kaczawskie Mts., Mineralogical Society of Poland, Special Papers, vol 18, 186-188
    Romania
     
    • Suceava Co.
      • Suceava district
        • Iacobeni (Jakobeny; Jacobeny; Jakabfalva)
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan Shield
          • Tyry River
    		Bortnikov, N.S., Gamyanin, G.N., Vikent’eva, O.V., Prokof’ev, V.Y., lpatov, V.A., and Bakharev, A.G. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(2), 87-128.
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Yeniseisk Autonomous Oblast'
          • Kuznetsk Alatau Range
    		Kuleshov, V.N., and Bych, A.F. (2002): Lithology and Mineral Resources 37(4), 330-343.
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
        • Kavalerovo Mining District
    		Mineralogical Record: 32: 8.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Sverdlovskaya Oblast'
          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
            • Sedel'nikovo
    		Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) Rhodonite deposits of Middle Ural, - S.-Peterburg Univercity press, p. 200 (in Rus.).
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
          • Sibay
    		Brusnitsyn, A.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(3), 193-214.
        • Orenburgskaya Oblast'
          • Orsk
            • Khalilovskii District
              • Khabarninskii massif
    		Sharkov, A.A. (2009): Lithology and Mineral Resources 44(1), 19-35.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Banská Štiavnica Co.
      • Revúca Co.
        • Chyžné
    		Bálintová T., Ozdín D.,2006:Sulphosalts from Chyžné-Herichová in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia). Acta Miner.-Petrograph.,Abstract Series 5, Szeged, p.8
      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Bratislava Region
      • Malacky Co.
    		Šoltés S., Rojkovič I., 2003: Manganese mineralization in the Toarcian Mariatal shales (Malé Karpáty Mts.), Slovakia. Acta Iniv. Palackianae Olomuc., Geologica, 38, 23 -31
    Šoltés S., Rojkovič I., 2003: Manganese mineralization in the Toarcian Mariatal shales (Malé Karpáty Mts.), Slovakia. Acta Iniv. Palackianae Olomuc., Geologica, 38, 23 -31
    Šoltés S., Rojkovič I., 2003: Manganese mineralization in the Toarcian Mariatal shales (Malé Karpáty Mts.), Slovakia. Acta Iniv. Palackianae Olomuc., Geologica, 38, 23 -31
    Šoltés S., Rojkovič I., 2003: Manganese mineralization in the Toarcian Mariatal shales (Malé Karpáty Mts.), Slovakia. Acta Iniv. Palackianae Olomuc., Geologica, 38, 23 -31
    • Košice Region
      • Rožňava Co.
        • Rožňava (Rosenau)
          • Čučma
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Žilina Region
      • Liptovský Mikuláš Co.
    		Ozdin D., Chovan M., 1999: New mineralogical and paragenetic knowledge about siderite veins in the vicinity of Vyšná Boca, Nízke Tatry Mts. Slov. Geol. Magazine, Bratislava, 5, 4, 255-271
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		No reference listed
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Econ Geol (1987) 82:706-718
    Sweden
     
    • Dalsland
      • Åmål
    		Mofjell, Erik (1990):Mineralnytt från Sverige. STEIN 17(4),38
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183. ; K:Gatedal
        • Persberg district
          • Pajsberg
    		Nysten, P. (2004): Harstigen ett mineralogisk eldorado i Bergslagen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 5-13
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Bregaglia Valley (Bergell)
        • Maroz Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 244.; Brugger J. (1996): The Fe, Mn, (V, Sb, As, Be, W) deposits of Val Ferrera (Graubünden, Switzerland). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Univ. Basel. 188 p.
      • Hinterrhein Valley
        • Ferrera Valley
          • Ausserferrera
    		Amer.Min.(1996) 81, 1270-1276
          • Starlera Valley
    		Brugger J. (1996): The Fe, Mn, (V, Sb, As, Be, W) deposits of Val Ferrera (Graubünden, Switzerland). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Univ. Basel. 188 p.
        • Rheinwald
          • Splügen
    		Probed by N. Meisser as associated mineral in the specimen of coralloite (ex coll. F. Vanini)
      • Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass)
        • Tinizong (Tinzen)
    		[MinRec 32:211]
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Turtmann Valley
        • Pipjitälli
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 399.; Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer)
    Turkey
     
    • Aegean Region
      • Denizli Province
        • Kale
    		Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.
    • Marmara Region
      • Istanbul Province
        • Binkiliç
    		Öztürk, H., and Frakes, L.A. (1995): Ore Geology Reviews 10, 117-131.
    • Mediterranean Region
      • Adana Province
        • Ceyhan
    		Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.
    Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.
    Ukraine
     
    • Crimea Oblast'
      • Crimea peninsula
        • Alushta
    		Alexander I. Tischenko (1996). Minerals of the Crimea - World of stones, 1996, #9, p. 9-18
        • Kerch peninsula (Kertch peninsula)
          • Kerchenskyi (Fe)-ore basin
            • Kerchenskoe deposit
    		Arbuzov V.A. et al. (1967) Kerch Iron-Ore Basin (Kerchenskii Zhelezorydny Bassein)/ - Moscow:Nedra. - 576 h/ (Rus.)
    Nikita V. Chukanov. Minerals of the Kerch Iron-Ore Basin in Eastern Crimea. Ocean Pictures Ltd., Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 8, 2005. P. 95.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Graham Co.
        • Aravaipa District
          • Santa Teresa Mts
            • Aravaipa
              • Landsman Camp (Landsman group)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 245; Reiter, B.E. (1981), Controls on lead-zinc skarn mineralization, Iron Cap mine area, Aravaipa district, Graham Co., AZ, in C. Stone and J.P. Jenney (editors), AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 13: 117-125; Wilson, W.E. (1988), The Iron Cap Mine, Min.Rec.: 19(2): 81-87.
      • Mohave Co.
        • Owens District
    		Specimens collected on March 10, 2012 by Jerry A. Baird
    • California
      • Mendocino Co.
        • Coastal Range
          • Laytonville
    		Chesterman, C.W. (1966b), Mineralogy of the Laytonville quarry, Mendocino County, California, in: Geology of Northern California: California Division Mines & Geol. Bulletin 190: 506; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 221.; Robert Muir Wood (1982) The Laytonville Quarry (Mendocino County California) Exotic Block: Iron-rich Blueschist-Facies Subduction-Zone Metamorphism. Mineralogical Magazine 45:87-99.
      • Santa Clara Co.
        • Diablo Range
          • Black Wonder District
            • Mount Hamilton
              • San Antonio Valley
    		Erd, R.C. and Y. Ohashi (1981) Santaclaraite, a new manganese silicate from California, American Mineralogist; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414; American Mineralogist (1984): 69: 200-206.
    • Colorado
      • Eagle Co.
        • Gilman District (Battle Mountain District; Red Cliff District)
          • Gilman
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Mineral Co.
        • Creede District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.; Foley, N. K.; Caddey, S. W.; Byington, C. B.; Vardiman, D. M. (1993) Mineralogy, mineral chemistry, and paragenesis of gold, silver, and base-metal ores of the North Amethyst vein system, San Juan Mountains, Mineral County, Colorado. USGS Professional Paper: 1537
      • Ouray Co.
        • Sneffels District (Mount Sneffels District)
          • Ouray
    		Rocks & Min.:65:114-149 (see also Rocks & Min.:62:9 & 64:140-141 + Min.Rec.:20(5):388).
    Rocks & Min. (2009):84:414-425.
          • Yankee Boy Basin
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Park Co.
        • Alma District
          • Mount Bross
    		Min News 20:9 pp1,3,10,11
      • San Juan Co.
        • Eureka District
          • Gladstone
    		Rocks & Min.: 63: 366-384.
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Haddam
    		Januzzi (1976) p. 229, 235; Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut minerals.
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Plainfield
    		Dunn, P. J. (1976). On gem rhodonite from Massachusetts (J. Gemm 15(2): 76-80.)
    • Michigan
      • Marquette Co.
        • Marquette iron range
          • Champion
    		Rocks & Min.:58:111 & 61:328.
          • Republic
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Minnesota
      • Crow Wing Co.
        • Cuyuna North Range
    		Allen Lundgren collection
          • Portsmouth group
    		Allen Lundgren collection
      • Stearns Co.
    		Journal of Paleolimnology 24: 199–211, 2000.
    • Missouri
      • Jackson Co.
    		Rocks & Min., March 1998.
    • Nevada
      • Lander Co.
        • Lewis District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
    		Dunn (1995) p. 617
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Frondel, C.: Minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, NJ - a checklist (1972); Peacor, et al: Am.Min.:72:319-328 (1987); Dunn(1995):Pt4:617.
    • North Carolina
      • Alleghany Co.
        • Sparta
          • Bald Knob
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135.
      • Lee Co.
        • Moncure
    		Korbel, P. & Novák. M. (1999): The Complete Encyclopedia Of Minerals. Chartwell, 1999. 296 p
    • South Dakota
      • Brule Co.
    		Econ Geol (1988) 83:93-117
    • Virginia
      • Pittsylvania Co.
        • James River-Roanoke River Mn-Fe-Ba District
    		AmMin 88:740-747 (2003)
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