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Lanarkite

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Frongoch Mine (Bron-y-Goch Mine; Llawynwnwch Mine), Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire), Wales, UK
© Steve Rust

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Formula:
Pb
 
2
(SO
 
4
)O
System:MonoclinicColour:Greenish white, ...
Hardness:2 - 2½
Name:
Named in 1832 for the Type Locality, Susanna Mine, Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Scotland.
Isostructural with:Phoenicochroite


White to greyish-white or greenish-white prismatic crystals, often in clusters or sprays, usually tiny to microscopic.

Classification of Lanarkite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/B.13-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.BD.40

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
Dana 7th edition ID:30.2.1.1
Dana 8th edition ID:30.2.1.1

30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
2 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.7.4

25 : Sulphates
7 : Sulphates of Pb
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Type Occurrence of Lanarkite

Type Locality:Susanna Mine (Glennery Scar Vein; Susanna Vein (Scar Vein); Portobello Vein; Humby Vein; Lead Vein), Leadhills, South Lanarkshire, Strathclyde (Lanarkshire), Scotland, UK
Year of Discovery:1832
Associated Minerals at type locality:
LeadhilliteCerussiteCaledonite

Occurrences of Lanarkite

Geological Setting:A secondary mineral of lead deposits, typically formed by the alteration of galena or other secondary minerals formed from galena.

Physical Properties of Lanarkite

Lustre:Adamantine, Resinous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Comment:Cleavage surfaces pearly.
Colour:Greenish white, greyish-white, more rarely pale-yellow; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):2 - 2½
Hardness Data:Measured
Tenacity:Flexible
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {-201}, imperfect on {-402} and {201}; also on {010}.
Fracture:Splintery
Density (measured):6.92 g/cm3
Density (calculated):7 g/cm3

Crystallography of Lanarkite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/m {B1 1 2/m} {C2/m} {C1 2/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 13.769Å, b = 5.698Å, c = 7.079Å
β = 115.79°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.416 : 1 : 1.242
Unit Cell Volume:V 500.07 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals prismatic, elongated parallel to [010], typically microscopic and in clusters or sprays; massive.
Twinning:Polysynthetic in zone [010], but rare.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
6.37(20)
4.43(20)
3.34(100)
2.963(80)
2.958(20)
2.87(20)
2.85(40)
2.05(20)

Optical Data of Lanarkite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.928 nβ = 2.007 nγ = 2.036
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.108

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v strong

Chemical Properties of Lanarkite

Formula:
Pb
 
2
(SO
 
4
)O
Essential elements:O, Pb, S
All elements listed in formula:O, Pb, S

Relationship of Lanarkite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.BD.05Sulphohalite
Na
 
6
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
FCl
7.BD.05Sulfohalite
7.BD.10Galeite
Na
 
15
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
F
 
4
Cl
7.BD.10Schairerite
Na
 
3
(SO
 
4
)(F,Cl)
7.BD.15Kogarkoite
Na
 
3
(SO
 
4
)F
7.BD.20Caracolite
Na
 
3
Pb
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
Cl
7.BD.20Cesanite
Na
 
3
Ca
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
7.BD.20Aiolosite
Na
 
4
Bi(SO
 
4
)
 
3
Cl
7.BD.25Burkeite
Na
 
6
(CO
 
3
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
7.BD.30Hanksite
Na
 
22
K(SO
 
4
)
 
9
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Cl
7.BD.35Cannonite
Bi
 
2
(SO
 
4
)O(OH)
 
2
7.BD.45Grandreefite
Pb
 
2
(SO
 
4
)F
 
2
7.BD.50Itoite
Pb
 
3
Ge
4+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
7.BD.55Chiluite
Bi
 
3
Te
6+
 
Mo
6+
 
O
 
10.5
7.BD.60Hectorfloresite
Na
 
9
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
(IO
 
3
)
7.BD.65Pseudograndreefite
Pb
 
6
(SO
 
4
)F
 
10
7.BD.70Sundiusite
Pb
 
10
(SO
 
4
)O
 
8
Cl
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.7.1Schaurteite
Ca
 
3
Ge(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.7.2Zircosulfate
(Zr,Ti)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.7.3Anglesite
PbSO
 
4
25.7.5Palmierite
(K,Na)
 
2
Pb(SO
 
4
)
 
2
25.7.6Linarite
PbCu(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
25.7.7Elyite
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)O
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
25.7.8Chenite
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.7.9Osarizawaite
Pb(Al,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.7.10Itoite
Pb
 
3
Ge
4+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
25.7.11Fleischerite
Pb
 
3
Ge(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 3H
 
2
O
25.7.12Beaverite-(Cu)
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.7.13Plumbojarosite
Pb
 
0.5
Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6

Other Names for Lanarkite

Synonyms:
Lead sulphato-carbonateSulphato-carbonate of Lead
Other Languages:
French:Plomb sulfatocarbonaté
German:Bleisulfocarbonate
Dioxylith
Halbvitriolblei
Kohlenvitriol-bleispath
Lanarkit
Prismatisches schwefelkohlensaures Blei
Russian:Ланаркит
Simplified Chinese:黄铅矾
黄铅矿
Spanish:Lanarkita
Varieties:
Chrom-LanarkiteChromatian Lanarkite

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Yellow (LW UV; X-rays).
Other Information:Alters to cerussite, leadhillite, and anglesite.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Lanarkite

Reference List:

- +
Brooke (1820) Edinburgh N. Phil. Journal: 3: 117 (as Sulphato-carbonate of Lead).

Leonhard, K.C. (1826) Handbuch der Oryktognosie. second edition, Heidelberg: 253 (as Prismatisches schwefelkohlensaures Blei).

Beudant, F.S. (1832), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 366.

Breithaupt, A. (1841) Vollständige Handbuch der Mineralogie. Vol. 2: 180 (as Dioxylith).

Dufrénoy, A. (1856): 3: 255 (as Plomb sulfatocarbonaté).

Pisani (1873) Comptes rendu de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 76: 114.

Schrauf (1877) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 1: 31.

Collie (1889) Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 55: 91.

Goldschmidt, V. (1890) Index der Krystallformen der Mineralien. 3 volumes: vol. 2, 542pp.: 2: 281.

Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 923.

de Schulten (1898) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 21: 142 (artif. mat.).

Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et des ses colonies, Paris. 5 volumes: vol. 4: 146.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 97.

Richmond and Wolfe (1938) American Mineralogist: 23: 399.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 550-551.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1970): 132: 99-117.

Gaines, Richard V., H. Catherine, W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, Abraham Rosenzweig (1997), Dana's New Mineralogy : The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana: 628.

Internet Links for Lanarkite

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    • Localities for Lanarkite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Leigh Creek
            • Beltana
              • Ediacaran Fossil Reserve
    		Noble R.J., Just J. and Johnson J. E., 1983, Catalogue of South Australian Minerals-1983, Government Printer, Adelaide.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
          • Waitschach
    		Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Schreiber, F., Fink, R. & Auer, C. (2013): Die Mineralogie der weltweit einzigartigen Schlacken von Waitschach, Kärnten. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 115, 19-87 (in German).
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
            • Alteck - Hoher Sonnblick area
              • Kolm-Saigurn
    		A. Strasser: Die MInerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Niedere Tauern
        • Öblarn
          • Walchen
    		Schebesta, K. (1992): Schlackenminerale aus der Walchen bei Öblarn. Lapis 17 (2), 19-30; 50.
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Imst - Nassereith District
          • Nassereith
    		Isser (1881)
        • Lechtaler Alpen
          • Biberwier
    		Isser (1881); R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Belgium
     
    • Liège Province
      • Verviers
        • Plombières-Vieille Montagne District (Plombières-Altenberg)
          • Plombières (Bleyberg)
    		Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995b): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31.
    • Namur Province
      • Andenne
    		No reference listed
    Chile
     
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Challacollo
    		Dana 6:A2:10; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 130; Lapis (1983): 8(9): 6; http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/lanarkite.pdf
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Příbram
    		RÜSENBERG, K. A. & PAULIŠ, P. (1996): Umbildungen und Neubildungen in den Schlackehalden der Blei- und Silberhütte von Příbram/ČR. Aufschluss 47, 267-287 (in German).
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Sainte-Sigolène
          • Saint-Pal-de-Mons
    		Queneau Patrice collection
    • Brittany
      • Côtes-d'Armor
        • Callac
          • Carnoët
            • Menez-Plom
    		P. Le Roch collection
      • Finistère
        • Poullaouen
    		Germain C., Leydet J-C., Saget Ph. (1990), Les minéraux de néoformation de Huelgoat (Finistère), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-16
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Tuchan
          • Padern
    		Favreau, G., Berbain, C. & Meisser, N. (2003): Cyanophyllite et autres minéraux rares de Padern (Aude). Le Cahiers des Micromonteurs, 82(4), 17-23.
      • Lozère
        • Pont-de-Montvert
          • Vialas
    		No reference listed
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Saint-Girons
          • Aulus-les-Bains
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 551; Lapis (1983): 8(9): 6.
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Ardèche
        • Les Vans
    		Several AFM members collection
      • Loire
        • La Pacaudière
          • Le Crozet
    		Chollet, P. & Devouard, B. (2013): La mine de cuivre et de plomb des Rats, Le Crozet (Loire). Le Règne Minéral, 109, 7-46.
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Badenweiler
          • Badenweiler Pb mining District
            • Sehringen
    		Schlomann, C. and Steen, H. (1990) Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Bergbaugebiet von Badenweiler im Südschwarzwald. Lapis, 15 (12), 13-20; 50. (in German)
    S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Emmendingen
          • Freiamt Pb-Cu mining District
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Schapbach
          • Wildschapbach valley
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 551; K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Oberschulenberg
    		Lapis, 11 (1), 9-18+42
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
        • Lautenthal
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Eschweiler
    		Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31.
        • Stolberg
    		Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31.
    Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31.
    Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31.
      • Bergisches Land
        • Engelskirchen
          • Heckhaus
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Eifel
        • Mechernich
          • Kall
    		Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31.
      • Niederberg area
        • Heiligenhaus
    		Lapis 1988(1), 17-35
      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
        • Essen
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Sauerland
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
        • Sundern
          • Bönkhausen
    		Lapis, 14 (2), 22-27+33+42.
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Prüm
          • Bleialf
            • Neue Hoffnung Mine
    		Lapis, 16(2), 13-18+58.
      • Westerwald
        • Linz am Rhein
          • Rheinbreitbach
            • Virneberg Mine (St Josephsberg Mine)
    		Habel, B. (2006): Die Mineralien der Kupferschlacken der Grube „Virneberg“ bei Rheinbreitbach, Rhein. Mineralien-Welt 17 (1), 38-49.; Schnorrer-Köhler,G. (1988): Mineralogische Notizen IV. Der Aufschluss, 39, 153-168.
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz
        • Tanne
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 551; Lapis (1983): 8(9): 5.
      • Mansfeld Basin
        • Hettstedt
          • Copper-Silver smelter (Gottesbelohnung smelter; slag locality)
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
    		No reference listed
    Schnorrer-Köhler, G., Standfuss, K. & Standfuss, L. (1981): Neufunde von Mineralen aus den antiken Bleischlacken Laurions. Der Aufschluss, 32, 165-169.
          • Passa Limani area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals of the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Bergamo Province
        • Valtorta
    		Maida, F. (2002): Descrizione delle specie e varietà di minerali e loro ritrovamento nella bergamasca. G.O.M. Gruppo Orobico Minerali - Novecento Grafico, Ed., Bergamo 82 pp.
    • Piedmont
      • Vercelli Province
        • Sesia Valley
    		Luigi Chiappino data
    • Sardinia
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Iglesias
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente - Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 1, 238 pp.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Arbus
          • Ingurtosu
    		Stara, P., Rizzo,R. & Tanca, G. A. (1996) - Iglesiente, Arburese, Miniere e Minerali (vol. II) - Associazioni Mineralogiche Italiane, 192 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
    		Int. Assoc. of Collectors of Slag Minerals, 10 (2), 4-6.
        • Piombino
    		Cerutti, G. and Preite, D. (1995): Mineralien der etruskischen Schlacken von Baratti, Toskana. Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18; 50 (in German).
    Namibia
     
    • Kunene Region
      • Kaokoveld Plateau
    		- Brandstätter, F.; Niedermayr, G.; Schnaitmann,E. A.; Walter F. (2011): Neue Fundstelle in Namibia: Die Van-der-Plas-Mine im Kaokoland. Mineralien Welt 22 (5), 66-75.
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Keivy Mountains
            • Western Keivy Massif
    		A.V. Voloshin, Ya.A. Pakhomovskii Minerals and mineralformation evolution in amazonite pegmatites of Kola peninsula, - Leningrad, Nauka, 1986, pp.168.
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
          • Lovozero Massif
            • Seidozero Lake
    		Yakovenchuk, V.N., Pakhomovsky, Ya.A., Men’shikov, Yu.P., Mikhailova, J.A., and Ivanyuk, G.Yu. (2007): Canadian Mineralogist 45, 451-456.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
    		Ďuďa R.,Kotuľak P., Káňa R., 1993: Bergbau und Mineralien von Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz), Slowakei. Emser Hefte, 14, 3, 1-70, Haltern
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Agnes District
          • Crantock
    		BMS Newsletter 79, March 2010 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html)
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
    		Journal of The Russell Society, Volume 9, 2006; Journal of The Russell Society, Volume 9, 2006
            • Roughton Gill
    		Min Rec (2010) 41:21-45 Supplement - Classic Minerals of Northern England
    BMS Database; Green, D. I. (1989): Scotlandite from Higher Roughton Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria. Mineralogical Magazine 53, 653. ; Journal of The Russell Society, Volume11, 2008
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Pluth, J. J., Steele, I. M., Kampf, A. R. & Green, D. I. (2005): Redgillite, Cu6(OH)10(SO4)•H2O, a new mineral from Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 69, 973-980.
      • Derbyshire
        • Whitwell
    		vanadinite and descloizite, probably the best yet to be found in England and the secondary lead mineral suite including leadhillite, lanarkite, cerussite, anglesite, pyromorphite, scotlandite, mattheddleite and possibly susannite. Other minerals found were barite, calcite, hemimorphite, and sphalerite.
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Dumfries-shire)
        • Wanlockhead
    		BMS Database; Green, D. I. (1987): The minerals of Meadowfoot smelter. UK Journal of Mines and Minerals 2, 3-9.
          • Wanlock Dod-Whytes Cleuch
    S Rust Collection
    S Rust collection
    S.Rust Collection
      • Strathclyde (Lanarkshire)
        • South Lanarkshire
    		Scottish J. Geol. 23, 1-8(1987)
    S.Rust Collection
            • Laverock Hall
    		BMS Database
            • Mine Hill-Broad Law
    		Steve Rust collection
    Brooke (1820) Edinburgh N. Phil. Journal: 3: 117 (as Sulphato-carbonate of Lead); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 551.
            • Wanlock Dod
    		S Rust Collection
    S.Rust collection
    S.Rust Collection
            • Wool Law
    		S.Rust Collection
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn
          • Pontrhydygroes
    		UKJMM 17
      • Powys (Radnorshire)
        • Old Radnor
          • Wethel
    		National Museum of Wales Database; Cotterell TF et al (2011) The mineralogy of Dolyhir quarry, Old Radnor. Powys, Wales. UKJMM 32:5-61
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Tombstone Hills
          • Tombstone District
    		Rob Bowell, lab tested
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Christmas area
              • Christmas
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 271; Crowley, J.A. (1980), The C. and B. mine, Gila Co., AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 213-218.
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Big Horn Mts
          • Osborn District
            • Tonopah
              • Belmont Mountain
                • Tiger Wash
    		Raman analyzed at the University of Arizona.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mammoth District
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    		Analyzed at the University of Western Sydney, Austalia.
    • Colorado
      • Lake Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 298.
    • Missouri
      • Jasper Co.
    		Rocks & Min., March 1998.
    • Utah
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • East Tintic District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
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