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Lanarkite

Big Photo

Frongoch Mine (Bron-y-Goch Mine; Llawynwnwch Mine), Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire), Wales, UK
© Steve Rust

Show Lanarkite Photos (39)
Formula:
Pb
 
2
[O|SO
 
4
]
System:MonoclinicColour:Greenish white, ...
Hardness:2 - 2½
Name:Named in 1832 for the Type Locality, Susanna Mine, Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Scotland.


White to greyish-white or greenish-white prismatic crystals, often in clusters or sprays, usually tiny to microscopic.

Classification of Lanarkite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/B.13-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.BD.40

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
Dana 7th edition ID:30.2.1.1
Dana 8th edition ID:30.2.1.1

30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
2 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.7.4

25 : Sulphates
7 : Sulphates of Pb
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Type Occurrence of Lanarkite

Type Locality:Susanna Mine (Glennery Scar Vein; Susanna Vein (Scar Vein); Portobello Vein; Humby Vein; Lead Vein), Leadhills, Leadhills-Wanlockhead District, Dumfries & Galloway (Dumfries-shire) and Strathclyde (Lanarkshire), Scotland, UK
Year of Discovery:1832
Associated Minerals at type locality:
LeadhilliteCerussiteCaledonite

Occurrences of Lanarkite

Geological Setting:A secondary mineral of lead deposits, typically formed by the alteration of galena or other secondary minerals formed from galena.

Physical Properties of Lanarkite

Lustre:Adamantine, Resinous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Comment:Cleavage surfaces pearly.
Colour:Greenish white, greyish-white, more rarely pale-yellow; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):2 - 2½
Hardness Data:Measured
Tenacity:Flexible
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {-201}, imperfect on {-402} and {201}; also on {010}.
Fracture:Splintery
Density (measured):6.92 g/cm3
Density (calculated):7 g/cm3

Crystallography of Lanarkite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/m (B1 1 2/m) [C2/m] {C1 2/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 13.769Å, b = 5.698Å, c = 7.079Å
β = 115.79°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.416 : 1 : 1.242
Unit Cell Volume:V 500.07 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals prismatic, elongated parallel to [010], typically microscopic and in clusters or sprays; massive.
Twinning:Polysynthetic in zone [010], but rare.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
6.37(20)
4.43(20)
3.34(100)
2.963(80)
2.958(20)
2.87(20)
2.85(40)

Optical Data of Lanarkite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.928 nβ = 2.007 nγ = 2.036
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.108

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v strong

Chemical Properties of Lanarkite

Formula:
Pb
 
2
[O|SO
 
4
]
Essential elements:O, Pb, S
All elements listed in formula:O, Pb, S

Relationship of Lanarkite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
7.BD.05Sulphohalite
Na
 
6
[F|Cl|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
]
7.BD.05Sulfohalite
7.BD.10Galeite
Na
 
15
[F
 
4
|Cl|(SO
 
4
)
 
5
]
7.BD.10Schairerite
Na
 
3
[(F,Cl)|SO
 
4
]
7.BD.15Kogarkoite
Na
 
3
[F|SO
 
4
]
7.BD.20Caracolite
Na
 
3
Pb
 
2
[Cl|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
7.BD.20Cesanite
Na
 
3
Ca
 
2
[OH|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
7.BD.25Burkeite
Na
 
6
CO
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
7.BD.30Hanksite
Na
 
22
K(SO
 
4
)
 
9
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Cl
7.BD.35Cannonite
Bi
 
2
[O|(OH)
 
2
|SO
 
4
]
7.BD.45Grandreefite
Pb
 
2
SO
 
4
F
 
2
7.BD.45Pseudograndreefite
Pb
 
6
SO
 
4
F
 
10
7.BD.45Sundiusite
Pb
 
10
[O
 
8
|SO
 
4
|Cl
 
2
]
7.BD.50Itoite
Pb
 
3
Ge
4+
 
[O|OH|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BD.55Chiluite
Bi
 
6
Mo
 
2
Te
 
2
O
 
21
7.BD.60Hectorfloresite
Na
 
9
[IO
 
3
|(SO
 
4
)
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
25.7.1Schaurteite
Ca
 
3
Ge[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
25.7.2Zircosulfate
(Zr,Ti)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
25.7.3Anglesite
PbSO
 
4
25.7.5Palmierite
(K,Na)
 
2
Pb(SO
 
4
)
 
2
25.7.6Linarite
PbCu[(OH)
 
2
|SO
 
4
]
25.7.7Elyite
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)O
 
2
(OH)
 
4
·H
 
2
O
25.7.8Chenite
Pb
 
4
Cu[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
25.7.9Osarizawaite
Pb(Al,Cu)
 
3
[(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
25.7.10Itoite
Pb
 
3
Ge
4+
 
[O|OH|SO
 
4
]
 
2
25.7.11Fleischerite
Pb
 
3
Ge[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 3H
 
2
O
25.7.12Beaverite
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Cu,Al)
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
25.7.13Plumbojarosite
PbFe
3+
6
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
4

Other Names for Lanarkite

Synonyms:
Lead sulphato-carbonateSulphato-carbonate of Lead
French names:
Plomb sulfatocarbonaté
German names:
BleisulfocarbonateDioxylithHalbvitriolbleiKohlenvitriol-bleispathLanarkit
Prismatisches schwefelkohlensaures Blei
Russian names:
Ланаркит
Spanish names:
Lanarkita
Varieties:
Chrom-LanarkiteChromatian Lanarkite

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Yellow (LW UV; X-rays).
Other Information:Alters to cerussite, leadhillite, and anglesite.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Lanarkite

Reference List:Brooke (1820) Edinburgh N. Phil. Journal: 3: 117 (as Sulphato-carbonate of Lead).

Leonhard, K.C. (1826) Handbuch der Oryktognosie. second edition, Heidelberg: 253 (as Prismatisches schwefelkohlensaures Blei).

Beudant, F.S. (1832), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 366.

Breithaupt, A. (1841) Vollständige Handbuch der Mineralogie. Vol. 2: 180 (as Dioxylith).

Dufrénoy, A. (1856): 3: 255 (as Plomb sulfatocarbonaté).

Pisani (1873) Comptes rendu de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 76: 114.

Schrauf (1877) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 1: 31.

Collie (1889) Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 55: 91.

Goldschmidt, V. (1890) Index der Krystallformen der Mineralien. 3 volumes: vol. 2, 542pp.: 2: 281.

Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 923.

de Schulten (1898) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 21: 142 (artif. mat.).

Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et des ses colonies, Paris. 5 volumes: vol. 4: 146.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 97.

Richmond and Wolfe (1938) American Mineralogist: 23: 399.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 550-551.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1970): 132: 99-117.

Gaines, Richard V., H. Catherine, W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, Abraham Rosenzweig (1997), Dana's New Mineralogy : The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana: 628.

Internet Links for Lanarkite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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    Localities for Lanarkite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Beltana
    		No reference listed
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
            • Alteck Mt. - Hoher Sonnblick Mt. area
              • Kolm-Saigurn
    		A. Strasser: Die MInerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Niedere Tauern Mts
        • Öblarn
          • Walchen
    		[Lapis 1992: 2 p.19-30]
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Lechtaler Alpen Mts
          • Biberwier
            • Fernpass area
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Belgium
     
    • Namur Province
      • Andenne
    		No reference listed
    Chile
     
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Challacollo
    		Dana 6:A2:10; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 130; Lapis (1983): 8(9): 6.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Příbram
    		[Der Aufschluss 1996:6 p.267-287]
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Sainte-Sigolène
          • Saint-Pal-de-Mons
    		Queneau Patrice collection
    • Brittany
      • Finistère
        • Poullaouen
    		Germain C., Leydet J-C., Saget Ph. (1990), Les minéraux de néoformation de Huelgoat (Finistère), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-16
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Narbonne
          • Tuchan
            • Padern
    		Favreau, G., Berbain, C. & Meisser, N. (2003): Cyanophyllite et autres minéraux rares de Padern (Aude). Le Cahiers des Micromonteurs, 82(4), 17-23.
      • Lozère
    		No reference listed
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Saint-Girons
          • Aulus-les-Bains
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 551; Lapis (1983): 8(9): 6.
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Ardèche
    		Several AFM members collection
      • Loire
        • La Pacaudière
    		No reference listed
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Badenweiler
          • Badenweiler Pb mining District
            • Sehringen
    		Schlomann, C. and Steen, H. (1990) Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Bergbaugebiet von Badenweiler im Südschwarzwald. Lapis, 15 (12), 13-20; 50. (in German)
    S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Emmendingen
          • Freiamt Pb-Cu mining District
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Schapbach
          • Wildschapbach valley
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 551; K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Oberschulenberg
    		Lapis, 11 (1), 9-18+42
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
        • Lautenthal
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Bergisches Land
        • Engelskirchen
          • Heckhaus
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Niederberg area
        • Heiligenhaus
    		Lapis 1988(1), 17-35
      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
        • Essen
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Sauerland
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
        • Sundern
          • Bönkhausen
    		Lapis, 14 (2), 22-27+33+42.
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Prüm
          • Bleialf
    		Lapis, 16(2), 13-18+58.
      • Westerwald
        • Rheinbreitbach
    		Schnorrer-Köhler, G., (1988): Mineralogische Notizen IV, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 39, 153-168
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz Mts
        • Tanne
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 551; Lapis (1983): 8(9): 5.
      • Mansfeld Basin
        • Hettstedt
          • Gottesbelohnung smelter (slag locality)
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
    		No reference listed
        • Lavrion District slag localities
          • Passa Limani area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals of the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    Italy
     
    • Sardinia
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Iglesias
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente - Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 1, 238 pp.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
    		Int. Assoc. of Collectors of Slag Minerals, 10 (2), 4-6.
        • Piombino
    		Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
          • Lovozero Massif
            • Seidozero Lake
    		Yakovenchuk, V.N., Pakhomovsky, Ya.A., Men’shikov, Yu.P., Mikhailova, J.A., and Ivanyuk, G.Yu. (2007): Canadian Mineralogist 45, 451-456.
          • Western Keivy Massif
    		A.V. Voloshin, Ya.A. Pakhomovskii Minerals and mineralformation evolution in amazonite pegmatites of Kola peninsula, - Leningrad, Nauka, 1986, pp.168.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Štiavnica Mts
    		Ďuďa R.,Kotuľak P., Káňa R., 1993: Bergbau und Mineralien von Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz), Slowakei. Emser Hefte, 14, 3, 1-70, Haltern
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Agnes District
          • Perranzabuloe
    		No reference listed
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Roughton Gill
    		No reference listed
    BMS Database; Green, D. I. (1989): Scotlandite from Higher Roughton Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria. Mineralogical Magazine 53, 653.
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Pluth, J. J., Steele, I. M., Kampf, A. R. & Green, D. I. (2005): Redgillite, Cu6(OH)10(SO4)•H2O, a new mineral from Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 69, 973-980.
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Dumfries-shire) and Strathclyde (Lanarkshire)
    		Scottish J. Geol. 23, 1-8(1987)
          • Leadhills
    		No reference listed
            • Mine Hill-Broad Law
    		Steve Rust collection
    Brooke (1820) Edinburgh N. Phil. Journal: 3: 117 (as Sulphato-carbonate of Lead); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 551.
            • Wanlock Dod
    		S Rust Collection
    S.Rust collection
    BMS Database
            • Wool Law
    		S.Rust Collection
          • Wanlockhead
    		BMS Database
            • Wanlock Dod-Whytes Cleuch
    S Rust Collection
    S Rust collection
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn
          • Pontrhydygroes
    		UKJMM 17
      • Powys (Radnorshire)
        • Old Radnor
          • Wethel
    		National Museum of Wales Database
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Christmas area
              • Christmas
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 271; Crowley, J.A. (1980), The C. and B. mine, Gila Co., AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 213-218.
    • Colorado
      • Lake Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 298.
    • Missouri
      • Jasper Co.
    		Rocks & Min., March 1998.
    • Utah
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • East Tintic District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
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