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Lawrencite

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Big Photo

Nandan meteorite (Nantan meteorite), Lihu - Yaochai area, Nandan Co., Hechi Prefecture, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
© 2007, JGW




Formula:
(Fe
2+
 
,Ni)Cl
 
2
System:TrigonalColour:White (unoxidized), ...
Member of:Lawrencite Group
Name:
After J. Lawrence Smith (1818-1883), American chemist, mineralogist, and student of meteorites.
Isostructural with:Chloromagnesite, Scacchite


Lawrencite Group.

Classification of Lawrencite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:3/A.07-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:3.AB.20

3 : HALIDES
A : Simple halides, without H2O
B : M:X = 1:2
Dana 8th edition ID:9.2.3.1

9 : NORMAL HALIDES
2 : AX2
Hey's CIM Ref.:8.11.10

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
11 : Halides of Fe and Ni
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Type Occurrence of Lawrencite

Type Locality:Tazewell meteorite, Claiborne Co., Tennessee, USA
Year of Discovery:1877

Occurrences of Lawrencite

Geological Setting:Fissures in iron meteorites; sublimation product in volcanic fumaroles.

Physical Properties of Lawrencite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:White (unoxidized), green to brown (oxidized)
Comment:Soft
Cleavage:Perfect
On {0001} ?
Density (measured):3.16 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.26 g/cm3
Comment:Measured on synthetic material

Crystallography of Lawrencite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:R3m {R3 2/m}
Space Group Setting:R3m
Cell Parameters:a = 3.58Å, c = 17.57Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 4.908
Unit Cell Volume:V 195.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:3
Morphology:Crystals are thin hexagonal plates {0001} (artificial). Massive only in natural material.

Optical Data of Lawrencite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 1.576 nε = 1.576
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low

Chemical Properties of Lawrencite

Formula:
(Fe
2+
 
,Ni)Cl
 
2
Essential elements:Cl, Fe
All elements listed in formula:Cl, Fe, Ni
Analytical Data:Deliquescent.
Relationship of Lawrencite to other Species
Member of:Lawrencite Group
Other Members of Group:

- + 
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- + 
3.AB.Fluorocronite
PbF
 
2
3.AB.05Tolbachite
CuCl
 
2
3.AB.10Coccinite
HgI
 
2
3.AB.15Sellaite
MgF
 
2
3.AB.20Chloromagnesite
MgCl
 
2
3.AB.20Scacchite
MnCl
 
2
3.AB.25Fluorite
CaF
 
2
3.AB.25Frankdicksonite
BaF
 
2
3.AB.25IMA2009-014
SrF
 
2
3.AB.30Tveitite-(Y)
(Y, Na)
 
6
Ca
 
6
Ca
 
6
F
 
42
3.AB.35Gagarinite-(Y)
NaCaYF
 
6
3.AB.35Gagarinite-(Ce)
Na(REE
 
x
Ca
 
1-x
)(REE
 
y
Ca
 
1-y
)F
 
6
3.AB.35Polezhaevaite-(Ce)
NaSrCeF
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- + 
8.11.1Molysite
FeCl
 
3
8.11.2Hydromolysite
FeCl
 
3
 · 6H
 
2
O
8.11.3Rokühnite
FeCl
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
8.11.4Douglasite
K
 
2
[Fe
2+
 
Cl
 
4
(OH
 
2
)
 
2
]
8.11.5Erythrosiderite
K
 
2
[Fe
3+
 
Cl
 
5
(H
 
2
O)]
8.11.6Rinneite
K
 
3
Na[FeCl
 
6
]
8.11.7Kremersite
(NH
 
4
,K)
 
2
[Fe
3+
 
Cl
 
5
(H
 
2
O)]
8.11.8Iowaite
Mg
 
6
Fe
3+
2
(OH)
 
16
Cl
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.11.9Nickelbischofite
NiCl
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
Other Names for Lawrencite
Other Languages:
French:Chlorure de fer
German:Eisenchlorür
Lawrencit
Italian:Ferro muriato
Russian:Лавренсит
Spanish:Lawrencita
Other Information
Other Information:Extremely hygroscopic; readily soluble in water.



Gains water and oxidizes to ferric chloride (molysite).
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:		Extremely hygroscopic
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:None.
References for Lawrencite
Reference List:

- + 
Hayes (1845) American Journal of Science: 48: 153.



Jackson (1845) American Journal of Science: 48: 146.



Smith (1855) American Journal of Science: 19: 159.



Smith (1877) American Journal of Science: 13: 214.



Daubrée (1877) Comptes rendu de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 84: 69.



Biltz and Birk (1924) Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, Hamburg, Leipzig: 134: 125.



Ferrari, Celeri, and Giorgio (1929) Rend., Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome: 9: 782.



Pauling (1929) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington: 15: 709.



Zambonini, Ferruccio (1935) Mineralogia Vesuviana. second edition with Quercigh, 463 pp., Naples: 84.



Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 40.



Acta Crystallographica (1963): 846.


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    • Localities for Lawrencite
    






    


    

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the  symbol to view information about a locality. 
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can be used to jump to that position on the map.

    

    

    
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    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    China
     
    

    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
    

      • Hechi Prefecture
    

        • Nandan Co.
    

          • Lihu - Yaochai area
    
    		No reference listed
    Greenland
     
    

    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
    

      • Qeqertarsuaq Island (Disko Island)
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 40.
    Hungary
     
    

    • Veszprém Co.
    

      • Bakony Mts.
    

        • Nagyvázsony
    
    		Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec., 1993
    Italy
     
    

    • Campania
    

      • Naples Province
    

        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 40.
    Russia
     
    

    • Far-Eastern Region
    

      • Kamchatka Oblast'
    

    

    • Urals Region
    

      • Southern Urals
    

        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    
    		Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
    Slovakia
     
    

    • Žilina Region
    

      • Námestovo Co.
    

        • Námestovo
    

          • Slanica
    
    		Koděra,  M.  et al., 1986 a  1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel  1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    USA
     
    

    • Alabama
    

      • Blount Co.
    

        • Summit
    
    		Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    


      • Monroe Co.
    
    		Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    

    • Arizona
    

      • Coconino Co.
    

        • Flagstaff
    

          • Elden Mountain area
    
    		Galbraith, F.W. (1947), Minerals of AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 153: 10.
    



        • Winslow
    

          • Meteor Crater and vicinity
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 129, 273.
    

    • Georgia
    

      • Jenkins Co.
    
    		Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    


      • Whitfield Co.
    

        • Dalton
    
    		Wirt Tassin (1902) Descriptive catalogue of the meteorite collection in the United States National Museum to January 1, 1902
    
Leonard S.Wiener and Sigrid Ballew,1995, Updated by Kenny Gay,2006, A Listing Of North Carolina Minerals,Geologic Note No.4
    

Dana,E.S,1892,A System of Mineralogy,6th edition
    



        • Madison
    

          • Deep Springs Farm
    
    		Venable,F.P (1890) Two New Meteoric Irons: Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society,University of North Carolina,May 1890
    

    • Tennessee
    

      • Claiborne Co.
    
    		C. R. Acad. Sci. 84 (1877), 69
    


      • DeKalb Co.
    

        • Smithville
    
    		Travis A. Paris (2011) Tennessee Mineral Locality Index. Rocks & Minerals 86:300-328
    

    • Texas
    

      • Ector Co.
    

        • Odessa
    

    

    • Virginia
    

      • Henry Co.
    
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

    • Wisconsin
    

      • Walworth Co.
    

        • Zenda
    
    		Berquist, Goodwin F., Jr. (ed.) / Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters volume LII (1963) Read, William F. The Zenda meteorite,   pp. 153-158 
    

    


    

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