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Lawsonite

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Big Photo

Reed Station, Tiburon Uplands Nature Preserve, Tiburon Peninsula, Marin Co., California, USA

Show Lawsonite Photos (40)



Formula:
CaAl
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
System:OrthorhombicColour:colorless, white, ...
Hardness:7½
Name:Named by Frederick Leslie Ransome and Charles Palache in 1895 in honor of geologist Andrew Cowper Lawson (July 25, 1861 Anstruther, Scotland - June 16, 1952) geologist with the Canadian Geological Survey and for most of his career a professor of geology and mineralogy at the University of California.


Structurally related bartelkeite.

Classification of Lawsonite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/C.10-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.BE.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:56.2.3.1

56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.9.18

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
9 : Aluminosilicates of Ca
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Type Occurrence of Lawsonite

Type Locality:Reed Station, Tiburon Uplands Nature Preserve, Tiburon Peninsula, Marin Co., California, USA

Physical Properties of Lawsonite

Lustre:Vitreous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:colorless, white, grayish blue, pale blue
Streak:white
Hardness (Mohs):7½
Cleavage:Perfect
[001] perfect
[110] poor
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):3.1 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.09 g/cm3

Crystallography of Lawsonite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Cmcm {C2/m 2/c 21/m}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.847Å, b = 8.79Å, c = 13.128Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.665 : 1 : 1.494
Unit Cell Volume:V 674.72 ų
Z:4
Morphology:prismatic/tabular
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
4.84 (60)
3.66 (60)
2.726 (70)
2.680 (50)
2.624 (100)
2.433 (60)
2.129 (60)
1.550 (80)

Optical Data of Lawsonite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.665 nβ = 1.672 - 1.676 nγ = 1.684 - 1.686
2V:Measured: 84° to 85°, Calculated: 76° to 86°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.019 - 0.021

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:strong

Chemical Properties of Lawsonite

Formula:
CaAl
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, Ca, H, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ca, H, O, Si

Relationship of Lawsonite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.BE.02Wadsleyite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
9.BE.05Hennomartinite
SrMn
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Noelbensonite
BaMn
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Itoigawaite
SrAl
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
9.BE.07Ilvaite
CaFe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.07Manganilvaite
Ca(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.10Suolunite
Ca
 
2
(H
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
7
) · H
 
2
O
9.BE.12Jaffeite
Ca
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
6
9.BE.15Fresnoite
Ba
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
9.BE.17Baghdadite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
9.BE.17Burpalite
Na
 
2
CaZr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)F
 
2
9.BE.17Cuspidine
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Janhaugite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Ti,Zr,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Låvenite
(Na,Ca)
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Niocalite
(Ca,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Normandite
NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)OF
9.BE.17Wöhlerite
NaCa
 
2
(Zr,Nb)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite I
Na
 
4
Ca
 
8
Zr
 
2
(Nb,Mn,Ti,Fe,Mg,Al)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
3
F
 
5
9.BE.17Marianoite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
(Nb,Zr)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(O,F)
 
2
9.BE.20Mosandrite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
(REE)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
OF
 
3
9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
Ca
 
3
(Ce,La,Nd)Nb(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
OF
 
3
9.BE.22Götzenite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
5
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
F
 
4
9.BE.22Hainite
Na
 
4
Ca
 
8
(Ti,Zr,Mn)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
F
 
4
9.BE.22Rosenbuschite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)OF
9.BE.22Kochite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Ca)ZrTi(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(F,O)
 
4
9.BE.23Dovyrenite
Ca
 
6
Zr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
9.BE.25Barytolamprophyllite
(Ba,Na)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O(OH,F)
9.BE.25Ericssonite
BaMn
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.25Lamprophyllite
(Sr,K,Ba)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O(O,OH,F)
9.BE.25Ericssonite-2O
BaMn
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.25Seidozerite
Na
 
8
Mn
2+
2
Zr
 
3
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
4
F
 
4
9.BE.25Nabalamprophyllite
Na
 
3
(Ba,Na)
 
2
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.25Grenmarite
(Zr,Mn)
 
2
(Zr,Ti)(Mn,Na)(Na,Ca)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(O,F)
 
4
9.BE.27Murmanite
Na
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.BE.30Epistolite
Na
 
2
(Nb,Ti)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
9.BE.32Lomonosovite
Na
 
5
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)O
 
2
9.BE.35Vuonnemite
Na
 
11
Ti
4+
 
Nb
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
3
(F,OH)
9.BE.37Sobolevite
Na
 
13
Ca
 
2
Mn
 
2
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
3
F
 
3
9.BE.40Innelite
Na
 
2
CaBa
 
4
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
4
9.BE.40Phosphoinnelite
Na
 
3
Ba
 
4
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
F
9.BE.42Yoshimuraite
Ba
 
2
Mn
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)O(OH)
9.BE.45Quadruphite
Na
 
14
Ca
 
2
Ti
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
F
9.BE.47Polyphite
Na
 
5
(Na
 
4
Ca
 
2
)Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
2
F
 
2
9.BE.50Bornemanite
Na
 
6
BaTi
 
2
Nb(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)O
 
2
(OH)F
9.BE.50Shkatulkaite
Na
 
10
Mn
2+
 
Ti
 
3
Nb
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
6
(OH)
 
2
F · 12H
 
2
O
9.BE.55Bafertisite
Ba(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(O,OH)
 
2
9.BE.55Hejtmanite
Ba(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH,F)
9.BE.55Bykovaite
(Ba,Na,K)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(H
 
2
O,F,OH)
 
2
 · 3.5H
 
2
O
9.BE.55Nechelyustovite
(Ba,Sr,K)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(O,H
 
2
O,F)
 
2
 · 4.5H
 
2
O
9.BE.60Delindeite
(Na,K)
 
2
(Ba,Ca)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.BE.65Bussenite
Na
 
2
Ba
 
2
Fe
2+
 
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
3
F
9.BE.67Jinshajiangite
BaNaFe
2+
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
9.BE.67Perraultite
BaNaMn
2+
4
Ti
 
2
 (Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
9.BE.67Surkhobite
NaCaBa
 
2
Mn
 
8
Ti
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
5
F
 
5
9.BE.70Karnasurtite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
4
 · 3H
 
2
O
9.BE.70Perrierite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca,Th)
 
4
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Fe
3+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Strontiochevkinite
(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)
 
4
Fe
2+
 
(Ti,Zr)
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Chevkinite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Ca,Th)
 
4
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(Fe
2+
 
,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Polyakovite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca)
 
4
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Cr
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Rengeite
Sr
 
4
ZrTi
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Matsubaraite
Sr
 
4
Ti
 
5
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Dingdaohengite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)
 
4
Fe
2+
 
(Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Maoniupingite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca)
 
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti,Fe
2+
 
,◻)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Perrierite-(La)
(La,Ce,Ca)
 
4
(Fe,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Fe
3+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70UKI-2008-(SiO:SrTiZr)
Sr
 
4
ZrTi
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Hezuolinite
(Sr,REE)
 
4
Zr(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.72Fersmanite
Ca
 
4
(Na,Ca)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
F
 
3
9.BE.75Belkovite
Ba
 
3
(Nb,Ti)
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
12
9.BE.77Nasonite
Pb
 
6
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
3
Cl
 
2
9.BE.80Kentrolite
Pb
 
2
Mn
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
9.BE.80Melanotekite
Pb
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
9.BE.82Tilleyite
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
9.BE.85Killalaite
Ca
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
) · 0.5H
 
2
O
9.BE.87Stavelotite-(La)
(La,Nd,Ca)
 
3
Mn
2+
3
Cu(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Mn
4+
 
)
 
26
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
6
O
 
5
9.BE.90Biraite-(Ce)
Ce
 
2
Fe
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(CO
 
3
)
9.BE.92Cervandonite-(Ce)
(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ti,Al)
 
3
O
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(As
3+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)
9.BE.95Batisivite
BaV
3+
8
Ti
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
22
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
16.9.1Gehlenite
Ca
 
2
Al(AlSiO
 
7
)
16.9.2Anorthite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
16.9.3Yoshiokaite
(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)O
 
4
]
16.9.4Svyatoslavite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
16.9.5Dmisteinbergite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
16.9.6Grossular
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
16.9.7Vuagnatite
CaAl(SiO
 
4
)(OH)
16.9.8Zoisite
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
3
}(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
16.9.9Clinozoisite
{Ca
 
2
}{Al
 
3
}(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
16.9.10Prehnite
Ca
 
2
Al
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
12
(OH)
16.9.11Kamaishilite
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
2
SiO
 
6
)(OH)
 
2
16.9.12Bicchulite
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
2
SiO
 
6
)(OH)
 
2
16.9.13Margarite
CaAl
 
2
(Al
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
16.9.14Chantalite
CaAl
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
16.9.15Cebollite
Ca
 
5
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
4
16.9.17Katoite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3-x
(OH)
 
4x
16.9.19Parthéite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
 · 2H
 
2
O
16.9.20Wairakite
Ca(Al
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
) · 2H
 
2
O
16.9.21Vertumnite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
4
Si
 
4
O
 
6
(OH)
 
24
 · 3H
 
2
O
16.9.22Scolecite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
10
 · 3H
 
2
O
16.9.23Laumontite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
12
 · 4H
 
2
O
16.9.24Yugawaralite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
 · 4H
 
2
O
16.9.25Gismondine-Ca
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
 · 4H
 
2
O
16.9.26Epistilbite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
 · 5H
 
2
O
16.9.27Goosecreekite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
] · 5H
 
2
O
16.9.28Cowlesite
CaAl
 
2
Si
 
3
O
 
10
 · 6H
 
2
O
16.9.30Stellerite
Ca[Al
 
2
Si
 
7
O
 
18
] · 7H
 
2
O
16.9.31Strätlingite
Ca
 
2
Al
 
2
SiO
 
7
 · 8H
 
2
O
16.9.32Amstallite
CaAl(Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
8
(OH)
 
4
 · (H
 
2
O,Cl)

Other Names for Lawsonite

Other Languages:
German:Lawsonit
Russian:Лавсонит
Spanish:Lawsonita
Varieties:
Chromian Lawsonite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Lawsonite

Reference List:

- +
Ransome, Frederick Leslie (1895), On lawsonite, a new rock-forming mineral from the Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bull.: 1: 301-312.

Ransome, Frederick Leslie & Charles Palache (1896), Ueber Lawsonit en Neues gesteinbildendes Mineral aus Californien: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, Band 25: 531-537.

Schaller, Waldemar Theodore & W.F. Hillebrand (1904), Crystallographical and chemical notes on lawsonite: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 17: 195-197.

Schaller, Waldemar Theodore & W.F. Hillebrand (1905), Notes on lawsonite: USGS Bull. 262: 58-60.

Crawford, W.A. & W.S. Fyfe (1965), Lawsonite equilibria: American Journal of Science: 263: 262-270.

Labotka, T.C. & G.R. Rossman (1974), The infrared pleochroism of lawsonite: the orientation of water and hydroxide groups: American Mineralogist: 59: 799-806.

Baur, W.H. (1978), Crystal structure refinement of lawsonite: American Mineralogist: 63: 311-315.

Pawley, A.R. (1994), The pressure and temperature stability limits of lawsonite: implications for H2O recycling in subduction zones. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 118: 99-108.

Schmidt, M.W. and Poli, S. (1994), The stability of lawsonite and zoisite at high pressures: experiments in CASH to 92 kbar and implications for the presence of hydrous phases in subducted lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters: 124: 105-118.

Libowitzky, E. and Armbruster, T. (1995), Low-temperature phase transitions and the role of hydrogen bonds in lawsonite. American Mineralogist: 80: 1277-1285.

Schmidt, M.W. (1995), Lawsonite: upper pressure stability and formation of higher density hydrous phases. American Mineralogist: 80: 1286-1292.

Pawley, A.R., Redfern, S.A.T., and Holland, T.J.B. (1996), Volume behavior of hydrous minerals at high pressures and temperatures: 1. Thermal expansion of lawsonite, zoisite, clinozoisite, and diaspore. American Mineralogist: 81: 335-340.

Holland, T.J.B., Redfern, S.A.T., and Pawley, A.R. (1996), Vlume behavior of hydrous minerals at high pressure and temperature: II. Compressibilities of lawsonite, zoisite, clinozoisite and epidote. American Mineralogist: 81: 341-348.

Libowitzky, E. and Rossman, G.R. (1996), FTIR spectroscopy of lawsonite between 82 and 325 K. American Mineralogist: 81: 1080-1091.

American Mineralogist (1996): 81: 1277-1285.

Scott, H.P. and Williams, Q. (1999), An infrared spectroscopic study of lawsonite to 20 GPa Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 26: 437-445.

Daniel, I., Fiquet, G., Gillet, P., Schmidt M.W., and Hanfland, M. (2000), High-pressure behaviour of lawsonite: a phase transition at 8.6 GPa. European Journal of Mineralogy: 12: 721-733.

Grevel, K.-D., Nowlan, E.U., Fasshauer, D.W., and Burchard, M. (2000), In situ X-ray diffraction investigation of lawsonite and zoisite at high pressures and temperatures American Mineralogist: 85: 206-216.

Meyer, H.-W., Carpenter, M.A., Graeme-Barber, A., Sondergeld, P., and Schranz, W. (2000), Local and macroscopic order parameter variations associated with low temperature phase transitions in lawsonite, CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O. European Journal of Mineralogy: 12: 1139-1150.

Sinogeikin, S.V., Schilling, F.R., and Bass, J.R. (2000), Single crystal elasticity of lawsonite. American Mineralogist: 85: 1834-1837.

Sondergeld, P., Schranz, W., Kityk, A.V., Carpenter, M.A., and Libowitzky, E. (2000a), Ordering behaviour of the mineral lawsonite. Phase Transitons: 71: 189-203.

Sondergeld, P., Schranz, W., Tröster, A., Carpenter, M.A., ibowitzky E., and Kityk, A.V. (2000b) Optical, elastic, and dielectric studies of the phase transitions in lawsonite. Physical Review B: 62: 6143-6147.

Martin-Olalla, J.-M., Hayward, S.A., Meyer, H.-W., Ramos, S., del Cerro, J., and Carpenter, M.A. (2001), Phase transitions in lawsonite: a calorimetric study. European Journal of Mineralogy: 13: 5-14.

Meyer, H.-W., Marion, S., Sondergeld, P., Carpenter, M.A., Knight, K.S., Redfern, S.A.T., and Dove, M.T. (2001), Displacive components of the low-temperature phase transitions in lawsonite. American Mineralogist: 86: 566-577.

Pawley, A.R. and Allan, D.R. (2001), A high-pressure structural study of lawsonite using angle-dispersive powder-diffraction methods with synchrotron radiation. Mineralogical Magazine: 65: 41-58.

Sondergeld, P., Schranz, W., Tröster, A., Kabelka, H., Meyer, H.-W., Carpenter, M.A., Lodziana, Z., and Kityk, A.V. (2001) Dielectric relaxation and order-parameter dynamics in lawsonite. Physical Review B: 64: 024105.

Hayward, S.A., Burriel, R., Marion, S., Meyer, H.-W., and Carpenter, M.A. (2002), Kinetic effects associated with the low-temperature phase transitions in lawsonite. European Journal of Mineralogy: 14: 1145-1153.

Boffa Ballaran, T. and Angel, R.J. (2003), Equation of state and high-pressure phase transitions in lawsonite. European Journal of Mineralogy: 15: 241-246.

Carpenter, M.A., Meyer, H.-W., Sondergeld, P., Marion, S., and Knight, K.S. (2003), Spontaneous strain variations through the low temperature phase4 transitions of deuterated lawsonite. American Mineralogist: 88: 534-546.

Schilling, F.R., Sinogeikin, S.V., and Bass, J.D. (2003), Single-crystal elastic properties of lawsonite and their variations with temperature. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors: 136: 107-118.

Sondergeld, P., Schranz, W., Tröster, A., Armbruster, T., Giester, G., Kityk, A., and Carpenter, M.A. (2005), Ordering and elasticity associated with low-temperature phase transitions in lawsonite. American Mineralogist: 90: 448-456.

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    • Localities for Lawsonite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
    AmMin 36:361-367
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Macquarie Co.
        • Port Macquarie
    		Mineralogical Magazine, August 2003, V. 67, N° 4, pp. 609-624.
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Fusch valley
          • Brennkogel Mt. area
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    China
     
    • Gansu Province
      • Zhangye Prefecture
        • Sunan Co.
          • Nine Springs area
    		Qian-Jie Wang, Li-Fei Zhang, and Shu-Guang Song (2007): Earth Science Frontiers [Dixue Qian Yuan] 14(1), 157-171.
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Xilin Gol League (Xilinguole Prefecture)
        • Erenhot Co. (Erlianhaote Co.)
    		Chuanshi Xu and Jianzhen Zhang (1987): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 7(1), 88-91
        • Sonid Right Banner (Sunite Youqi)
          • Ondor Sum
    		Zhuyun Yan, Kedong Tang, Jingwen Bai, and Youchen Mo (1989): Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 3(1-4), 303-313
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Shangrao Prefecture
        • Dexing Co.
    		Zhou Guoqing (1997): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 40(5), 477-484.
    • Qinghai (Chinghai) Province
      • Haibei Autonomous Prefecture
        • Qilian Co.
    		Zhang, J.X., Meng, F.C., and Wan, Y.S. (2007): Journal of Metamorphic Geology 25(3), 285-304.
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Tekesi (Tekes) Co.
          • Kekesu river valley
    		Jun Gao, Guoqi He, Maosong Li, Xuchang Xiao, Yaoqing Tang, Jun Wang, and Min Zhao (1995): Tectonophysics 250(1-3), 151-168
    Cuba
     
    • Villa Clara Province
    France
     
    • Brittany
      • Morbihan
        • Groix
          • Groix Island
    		Inventaire Minéralogique de la France numero 9 Morbihan ( éditions BRGM )
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Hautes-Alpes
        • Briançon
          • Montgenèvre
    		Bull. Minéral. , 1984, 107, pp. 345-356.
        • Saint-Véran
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, P.A. Poulain, "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France : Hautes-Alpes", BRGM, 1972
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 607-623.
            • Grammata Bay
    		Van King
    Guatemala
     
    • Motagua Valley
    		Am. Miner., V. 90, pp. 836-842, 2005.
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Savona Province
        • Savona
    		Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia.
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Maira Valley
    		Mariani P., Scaini G.: "I minerali d'Italia" - Rizzoli, 1978 and A. Del Caldo, C. Del Moro, C.M. Gramaccioli, M. Boscardin M. "Guida ai Minerali" Fabbri ed. Milano, 1981 and De Michele V. (1975) – Guida Mineralogica d’Italia – Ist. Geogr. De Agostini, Novara
        • Varaita Valley
          • Pontechianale
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Torino Province
        • Orco Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Courgnè
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Lanzo Massif
              • Balangero - Corio area
                • Malone Valley
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 89-104.
    Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 89-104.
    Eur. J. Mineral (1989): 1: 89-104.
                  • Rocca Canavese
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 89-104.
    Eur. J. Mineral (1989): 1: 89-104.
    Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 89-104.
    Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 89-104.
    Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 89-104.
        • Susa Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
        • Giglio Island
    		Marinai, Nannoni, 1994. I minerali dell'Isola del Giglio. Circolo Culturale Gigliese.
      • Livorno Province
        • Livorno
    		Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Shikoku Island
    		No reference listed
    New Caledonia
     
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Košice Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Turkey
     
    • Aegean Region
      • Kütahya Province
        • Tavşanlı Zone
    		Okay, A.I. (1981): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 75(3), 179-186.
    • Central Anatolia Region
      • Eskişehir Province
    		[var: Chromian Lawsonite] Sherlock, S.C., and Okay, A.I. (1999): Mineralogical Magazine 63(5), 687-692.
    Davis, P.B., and Whitney, D.L. (2006): Journal of Metamorphic Geology 24(9), 823-849.
    • Marmara Region
      • Bursa Province
        • Tavşanlı Zone
          • Harmancık
    		Okay, A.I. (1997): Mineralogical Magazine 61, 835-843.
    Okay, A.I. (2002): Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, 757-768.
      • Tekirdag Province
        • Şarköy
    		Şentürk, K., and Okay, A. (1981-82): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 97-98, 72-75.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Apache Co.
        • Navajo Indian Reservation
          • Monument Valley
            • Dinnehotso
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 273, 318; Watson, K.D. & D.M. Morton (1969), Eclogite inclusions in kimberlite pipes at Garnet Ridge, northeastern AZ, Am.Min.: 54: 267-285.
    • California
      • Alameda Co.
        • Berkeley
    		Thelen, Paul (1905), The differential thermal conductivities of certain schists: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 4: 221; Eakle, Arthur Starr (1906), Notes on lawsonite, columbite, beryl, barite, and calcite: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 5: 84; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 238.
        • Diablo Range
          • Callahan Gulch
    		Rogers, Austin Flint (1915a), Lawsonite from the central Coast Ranges of California: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 39: 105-112; […Neues Jahrb., 1916, Band 2: 25-26]: 106, 109; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 486.
          • Livermore District (Tesla District)
            • Tesla
    		Rogers, Austin Flint (1915a), Lawsonite from the central Coast Ranges of California: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 39: 105-112: 106; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 238; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 486.
      • Colusa Co.
        • Goat Mountain
    		Ernst, W.G., Y. Seki, H. Onucki, and M.C. Gilbert (1970) Comparative study of low-grade metamorphism in the California Coast Ranges and outer metamorphic belt of Japan. Geological Society of America Memo. 124, 276 pp.: 124-125; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 487.
      • Contra Costa Co.
        • El Cerrito
          • Northern Berkeley Hills
    		Davis, Gregory A. & Adolf Pabst (1960), Lawsonite and pumpellyite in glaucophane schists, North Berkeley Hills, California, with notes on x-ray crystallography of Lawsonite by A. Pabst: American Journal of Science: 258: 692; Crawford, W.A. & W.S. Fyfe (1965), Lawsonite equilibria: American Journal of Science: 263: 262; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 238; Thompson, A.B. (1970) Laumontite equilibria and the zeolite facies. American Journal of Science: 269: 267; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 487, 492.
      • Del Norte Co.
    		Blake, Jr., M.C., W.P. Irwin & R.G. Coleman (1967), Upside-down metamorphic zonation, blueschist facies, along a regional thrust in California and Oregon: USGS PP 575-C: 2; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 487.
    Blake, Jr., M.C., W.P. Irwin & R.G. Coleman (1967), Upside-down metamorphic zonation, blueschist facies, along a regional thrust in California and Oregon: USGS PP 575-C: 2; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 487.
        • Coastal Range
    		Rogers, Austin Flint (1915a), Lawsonite from the central Coast Ranges of California: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 39: 111; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 238.
      • Los Angeles Co.
        • Palos Verdes Estates
          • Malaga Cove
    		Woodford, A.O. (1924), The Catalina metamorphic facies of the Franciscan series: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 15: 49-68; [… (abstract): Geol. Zentralbl., Band 33: 98 (1926)]: 55; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 238.
        • Palos Verdes peninsula
          • Palos Verdes Hills (Palos Verdes Cliffs)
            • George Canyon (George F. Canyon)
    		Woodring, W.P., Bramlette, M.N., and Kew, W.S.W. (1946), Geology and paleontology of Palos Verdes Hills California: USGS Professional Paper 207: 12; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 487.
        • Santa Catalina Island
          • Escondido Canyon
    		Bailey, Edgar H. (1941a), Mineralogy, petrology and geology of Santa Catalina Island, California: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University: 61-62; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485.
    Woodford, A.O. (1924), The Catalina metamorphic facies of the Franciscan series: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 15: 55; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 182; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 361.
      • Marin Co.
        • Angel Island State Park
    		Bloxam, T.W. (1960), Jadeite rocks and glaucophane schists from Angel Island, San Francisco Bay, California: American Journal of Science: 258: 558-560; Coleman, R.G. (1965), Composition of jadeite pyroxene from the California graywackes: USGS PP 525-C: 25; Coleman, R.G. & J.R. Clark (1968), Pyroxenes in the blueschist facies of California: American Journal of Science: 266: 44; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 487.
        • Novato
    		Chuck Trantham specimen
        • Tiburon Peninsula
          • Tiburon Uplands Nature Preserve
    		Ransome, Frederick Leslie (1895), On lawsonite, a new rock-forming mineral from the Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bull.: 1: 301-312; American Mineralogist (1969) 54, 1139-1150; Papike, J.J. and Clark, J.R. (1968a) Cation distribution in the crystal structure of glaucophane; II: the high pressure polymorph. Geological Society of America Abstract, 1966: 157; Klein, C. (1969) Two-amphibole assemblages in the system actinolite-hornblende-glaucophane. American Mineralogist: 54: 212-237.
    Blake, M.C., W.P. Irwin & R.G. Coleman (1967), Upside-down metamorphic zonation, blueschist facies, along a regional thrust in California and Oregon: USGS PP 575-C: 2; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 488.
        • Coastal Range
          • Dos Rios
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 238-239; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 487-488.
          • Laytonville
    		Chesterman, C.W. (1966b), Mineralogy of the Laytonville quarry, Mendocino County, California, in: Geology of Northern California: California Division Mines & Geol. Bulletin 190: 503; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 487.; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 70.
          • Longvale
            • North of Longvale
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 111, 152, 176.
            • State route 162 (Covelo Road)
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 475, 488.
          • McClure Place
            • Jumpoff Creek
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239.
      • San Benito Co.
    		Tsujimori, Tatsuki, Liou, Juhn G., and Coleman, Robert G., 2007, Finding of High-Grade Tectonic Blocks from the New Idria Serpentinite Body, Diablo Range, California: Petrologic Constraints on the Tectonic Evolution of a Tectonic Diapir, Geolgical Society of America Special Paperr 419, p. 67-80.
          • Glaucophane Ridge
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239.
          • New Idria District
            • Picacho Peak
    		Yoder, Hatten S., Jr. & Charles W. Chesterman (1951), Jadeite of San Benito County, California. California Division of Mines, Special Report 10-C: 3; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239, 299, 309; Tsujimori, T., et al (2005), Paper No. 21-6, The Geological Society of America, Joint Meeting Cordilleran Section and Pacific Section, 101st Annual Meeting, 29 April-1 May 2005, San Jose, California.
    Ernst, W.G. (1965) Mineral paragenesis in Franciscan metamorphic rocks, Panoche Pass, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin: 76: 888; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 488.
    Essene, J. (1967). An occurrence of cymrite in the Franciscan Formation, California. The American Mineralogist, 52, 1885-1890.
    Woodford, A.O. (1925), The San Onofre breccia; its nature and origin: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin 15: 192; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 488.
      • San Luis Obispo Co.
        • San Luis Obispo
    		Eakle, Arthur Starr (1906), Notes on lawsonite, columbite, beryl, barite, and calcite: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 5: 86; Rogers, Austin Flint (1915a), Lawsonite from the central Coast Ranges of California: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 39: 111; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239.
        • Santa Lucia Mts (Santa Lucia Range)
    		Smith, James Perrin (1906), The paragenesis of the minerals in the glaucophane-bearing rocks of California: American Philosophical Society Proceedings: 45: 213; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239.
      • San Mateo Co.
        • Redwood City
    		Eakle, Arthur Starr (1906), Notes on lawsonite, columbite, beryl, barite, and calcite: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 5: 86; Smith, James Perrin (1906), The paragenesis of the minerals in the glaucophane-bearing rocks of California: American Philosophical Society Proceedings: 45: 183-242: 212; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239.
      • Santa Barbara Co.
        • Channel Islands
          • Channel Islands National Park
            • Santa Rosa Island
    		Bailey, Thomas L. & Alfred O. Woodford (1928), Northwestern continuation of the San Onofre breccia: California University Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 17: 191; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239.
      • Santa Clara Co.
    		Smith, James Perrin (1906), The paragenesis of the minerals in the glaucophane-bearing rocks of California: American Philosophical Society Proceedings: 45: 212; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239.
        • Diablo Range
          • Black Wonder District
            • Alum Rock
    		Rogers, Austin Flint (1915a), Lawsonite from the central Coast Ranges of California: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 39: 111; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 489.
          • Calaveras Valley
    		Rogers, Austin Flint (1915a), Lawsonite from the central Coast Ranges of California: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 39: 108; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 488.
    Rogers, Austin Flint (1915a), Lawsonite from the central Coast Ranges of California: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 39: 109; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 489.
          • Mount Hamilton
    Rogers, Austin Flint (1915a), Lawsonite from the central Coast Ranges of California: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 39: 105-112; […Neues Jahrb., 1916, Band 2: 25-26]: 108, 109; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 488-489.
          • Pacheco Pass
    		McKee, Bates (1962), Aragonite in the Franciscan rocks of the Pacheco Pass, California: American Mineralogist: 47: 381, 382, 384; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 299-300, 353; Onucki, H. and Ernst, W.G. (1969) Coexisting sodic amphiboles and sodic pyroxenes from blueschist facies metamorphic rocks. Mineralogical Association of America Special Paper 2: 242; Ernst, W.G., Y. Seki, H. Onucki, and M.C. Gilbert (1970) Comparative study of low-grade metamorphism in the California Coast Ranges and outer metamorphic belt of Japan. Geological Society of America Memorandum 124, 276 pp.: 171; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 404, 488.
    Essene, E.J. (1967) An occurrence of Cymrite in the Franciscan formation, California. American Mineralogist: 52: 1885-1890; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 368.
        • San Jose
          • Oak Hill
    		Smith, James Perrin (1906), The paragenesis of the minerals in the glaucophane-bearing rocks of California: American Philosophical Society Proceedings: 45: 212; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 489.
      • Sonoma Co.
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239.
        • Coast Range
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 489.
          • Cazadero
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 489.
    Coleman, R.G. & D.E. Lee (1963), Glaucophane-bearing metamorphic rocks of the Cazadero area, California: Journal of Petrology: 4: 290; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 489.
          • Guerneville District
    		Smith, James Perrin (1906), The paragenesis of the minerals in the glaucophane-bearing rocks of California: American Philosophical Society Proceedings: 45: 212; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239.
        • Healdsburg
    		Irving, John, Magnus Vonsen & Forest A. Gonyer (1932), Pumpellyite from California: American Mineralogist: 17: 338-342; correction, p. 456 (1932): 338; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 239; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 489.
    Switzer, George S. (1951b) Mineralogy of the California glaucophane schists. California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 161: 70; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 489, 492.
        • Mayacmas Mts (Mayacamas Mts)
          • West Mayacmas District
            • Cloverdale
              • North of Cloverdale
    		Essene, E.J. and W.S. Fyfe (1967) Omphacite in California metamorphic rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 15, 23 pp.: 4; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 393.
    Van King
          • North of Valley Ford
    		Coombs, D.S., A.J. Ellis, W.S. Fyfe & A.M. Taylor (1959), The zeolite facies with comments on the interpretation of hydrothermal syntheses: Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta: 17: 97; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 70, 239; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 489.
    • Washington
      • Snohomish Co.
        • Darrington
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
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