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Libethenite

Big Photo

Miguel Vacas Mine, Vila Viçosa, Évora District, Portugal
© Rui Nunes 2006

Show Libethenite Photos (236)
Formula:
Cu
 
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
System:OrthorhombicColour:Light to dark green, ...
Lustre:Vitreous, GreasyHardness:4
Name:Named after the type locality - Ľubietová (Libethen), Slovak Republic.


Olivenite Group.

Libethenite is a secondary copper phosphate mineral found in the oxidized zone of copper ore deposits. The phosphate is often derived from the weathering of apatite and other rock-forming phosphates such as monazite and xenotime.

Classification of Libethenite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/B.06-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.BB.30

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
Dana 7th edition ID:41.6.6.2
Dana 8th edition ID:41.6.6.2

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.2.1

19 : Phosphates
2 : Phosphates of Cu
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Type Occurrence of Libethenite

Type Locality:Podlipa and Reinera Mines, Ľubietová (Libetbánya; Libethen) ore belt, Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts, Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia
Year of Discovery:1823

Occurrences of Libethenite

Geological Setting:Oxidized zones of copper deposits.

Physical Properties of Libethenite

Lustre:Vitreous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent, Translucent on thin edges
Comment:Somewhat greasy on fracture surfaces.
Colour:Light to dark green, blackish green, olive-green; bluish green to light green in transmitted light.
Streak:Light green
Hardness (Mohs):4
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct
Very indistinct on {100} and {010}.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.97 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.972 g/cm3

Crystallography of Libethenite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pnnm (P21/n 21/n 2/m)
Cell Parameters:a = 8.062(5) Å, b = 8.384(4) Å, c = 5.881(2) Å
β = 90°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.962 : 1 : 0.701
Unit Cell Volume:V 404.27 ų
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals short prismatic or slightly elongated [100] with wedge-shaped terminations; also equant. {110} vertically grooved or striated, and {011} striated parallel to the edge with {111}.
Twinning:None observed.
Crystal Atlas:
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Libethenite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Libethenite no.10 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Libethenite no.15 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Libethenite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.701 - 1.704 nβ = 1.743 - 1.747 nγ = 1.787 - 1.790
2V:Measured: 80° to 90°, Calculated: 88°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.086

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:strong r > v
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X= Pale yellowish blue
Z= Pale greenish blue

Chemical Properties of Libethenite

Formula:
Cu
 
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
Essential elements:Cu, H, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Cu, H, O, P
Common Impurities:As

Relationship of Libethenite to other Species

Related to:
  • Olivenite Group
    • Common Associates:
    PyromorphitePseudomalachiteMalachiteLimoniteAzurite
    Atacamite
    Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
    8.BB.05Amblygonite
    (Li,Na)Al[(F,OH)|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.05Montebrasite
    LiAl[(OH,F)|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.05Tavorite
    LiFe
    3+
     
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.10Triplite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[(F,OH)|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.10Zwieselite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[F|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.10IMA2004-009
    Mg
     
    2
    		[PO
     
    4
    		](OH)
    8.BB.15Sarkinite
    Mn
    2+
    2
    		[OH|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.15Triploidite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.15Wagnerite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[F|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.15Wolfeite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.15Stanĕkite
    Fe
    3+
     
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)[O|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.15Joosteite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		(Mn
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)[PO
     
    4
    		]O
    8.BB.20Holtedahlite
    Mg
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.20Satterlyite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[(OH,O)|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.25Althausite
    Mg
     
    2
    		[(OH,F)|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.30Adamite
    Zn
     
    2
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)(OH)
    8.BB.30Eveite
    Mn
    2+
    2
    		[OH|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.30Olivenite
    Cu
     
    2
    		[OH|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.30Zincolibethenite
    CuZnPO
     
    4
    		OH
    8.BB.30Zincolivenite
    CuZn(AsO
     
    4
    		)(OH)
    8.BB.35Paradamite
    Zn
     
    2
    		[OH|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.35Tarbuttite
    Zn
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BB.40Barbosalite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.BB.40Hentschelite
    CuFe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.BB.40Lazulite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)Al
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.BB.40Scorzalite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)Al
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.BB.40Wilhelmkleinite
    ZnFe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.BB.45Trolleite
    Al
     
    4
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    8.BB.50Namibite
    Cu(BiO)
     
    2
    		(VO
     
    4
    		)(OH)
    8.BB.55Phosphoellenbergerite
    Mg
     
    14
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(HPO
     
    4
    		,CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    6
    		]
    8.BB.60Urusovite
    Cu[AlAsO
     
    5
    		]
    8.BB.65Theoparacelsite
    Cu
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|As
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    8.BB.70Turanite
    Cu
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.BB.75Stoiberite
    Cu
     
    5
    		[O
     
    2
    		|(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BB.80Fingerite
    Cu
     
    11
    		[O
     
    2
    		|(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    6
    		]
    8.BB.85Averievite
    Cu
     
    6
    		[O
     
    2
    		|Cl
     
    2
    		|(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BB.90Lipscombite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)Fe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.BB.90Richellite
    Ca
     
    3
    		Fe
    3+
    10
    		[(OH,F)
     
    3
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
     
    4
    		 · nH
     
    2
    		O (not confirmed)
    8.BB.90Zinclipscombite
    ZnFe
    3+
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
    19.2.2Cornetite
    Cu
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
    19.2.3Reichenbachite
    Cu
     
    5
    		[OH)
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    19.2.4Ludjibaite
    Cu
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    19.2.5Pseudomalachite
    Cu
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    19.2.6Nissonite
    Cu
     
    2
    		Mg
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 5H
     
    2
    		O
    19.2.7Zapatalite
    Cu
     
    3
    		Al
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    19.2.8Turquoise
    Cu(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    6
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    19.2.9Sieleckiite
    Cu
     
    3
    		Al
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    19.2.10Planerite
    Al
     
    6
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|HPO
     
    4
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 4 H
     
    2
    		O
    19.2.11Hentschelite
    CuFe
    3+
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    19.2.13Chalcosiderite
    Cu(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    6
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    19.2.14Phosphofibrite
    KCuFe
    3+
    15
    		(PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    12
    		(OH)
     
    12
    		 · 12H
     
    2
    		O ?
    Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):
    41.6.6.3Adamite
    Zn
     
    2
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)(OH)

    Other Names for Libethenite

    Synonyms:
    Chinoite
    French names:
    Aphérèse (of Beudant)Cuivre Phosphaté (of Haüy)
    German names:
    Blättricher OlivenmalachiteLibethenitOctaedrisches Phosphorkupfer
    Italian names:
    Aferesa
    Russian names:
    Либетенит
    Spanish names:
    Libethenita
    Varieties:
    PseudolibetheniteZincian Libethenite

    Other Information

    Other Information:Readily soluble in acids and ammonia.
    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Libethenite

    Reference List:Werner (1789) Bergmaennusches Journal, Freiberg (Neues Bergmannische Journal): 382, 385 (as Olivenerz).

    Hausmann, J.F.L. (1813) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen: 1036 (as Blättricher Olivenmalachite).

    Leonhard, K.C. (1821) Handbuch der Oryktognosie. First edition, Heidelberg: 143 (as Octaedrisches Phosphorkupfer).

    Breithaupt, A. (1823) Vollständige Characteristik etc., 1st. ed.: 267.

    Beudant, F.S. (1832), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 569 (as Aphérèse).

    Des Cloizeaux (1858) Annales des mines: 14: 343.

    Mueller (1858) Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 11: 202.

    Field (1859) Chemical Gazette or Journal of Practical Chemistry, London: 17: 400.

    Debray (1861) Comptes rendu de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 52: 44.

    Dana, J.D. (1868) System of Mineralogy, 5th. Edition, New York: 563.

    Friedel and Sarasin (1879) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 2: 157.

    Schrauf (1880) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 4: 19.

    Bergemann (1890) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 104: 190.

    Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 786.

    Melczer (1904) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 39: 288.

    Goldschmidt, V. (1918) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 5: 149.

    Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 100.

    Strunz (1936) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 94: 60.

    Heritsch (1939) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 102: 1.

    Richmond (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 452.

    Guillemin, G. (1956b): Contribution à la minéralogie des arséniates, phosphates et vanadates de cuivre. II. Phosphates et vanadates. Bull. Soc. franç. Minéral. Cristallogr., 79: 219-275.

    Rammelsberg, C.F. (1860) Handbuch der Mineralchemie. First edition, Leipzig: 344 (as Pseudo-libethenite).

    Canadian Mineralogist (1995): 33: 885-888.

    Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 313.

    Alexei A. Belik, Hyun-Joo Koo, Myung-Hwan Whangbo, Naohito Tsujii, Pan e Naumov, and Eiji Takayama-Muromachi (2007): Magnetic properties of synthetic libethenite Cu2PO4OH: a new spin-gap System. Inorg. Chem., 46, 8684-8689.

    Internet Links for Libethenite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Libethenite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Libethenite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Libethenite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Ashburnham Co.
        • Orange district
    		Australian Jour. Mineralogy 10:2 p 79
      • Canbelego Co.
        • Gidalambone
          • Girilambone
    		Chapman, J. R., Sharpe, J. L. and Williams, P. A. (2005): The copper deposits at Girilambone, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 91-99.
      • Flinders Co.
        • Tottenham
    		Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data Sheets
    McKinnon, A. R., Sharpe, J. L. and Williams, P. A. (2005): Other notable mineral occurrences in the Cobar region. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 117-121.
      • Kennedy Co.
        • Northparkes Mine
    		Australian Jour. Mineralogy 10:2 pp 53-57
    A.L. McLean, J.Chapman, J.L. Sharpe and P.A. Williams (2004): The mineralogy of the oxidised zone of the E26 orebody at Northparkes, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 10, 53-57.
    Australian Jour. Mineralogy 10:2 pp 53-57
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    • Northern Territory
      • Kakadu National Park
        • Jabiru
    • Queensland
      • Mt Isa - Cloncurry area
        • Cloncurry District
          • Cloncurry
    		[UKJMM 19:24]
          • Selwyn
    		[UKJMM 19:24]
        • Mt Isa
    		Karl Volkman collection
    Day, B. E. & Beyer, B. D. (1996): Some mines of the Mt Isa district. Part 3 - The Mt Oxide mine. Australian J. of Mineralogy 2 (1), 3-10.
          • Rosebud Station
    		Uwe Kolitsch collection
    • South Australia
      • Eyre peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		www.crocoite.com (Steve Sorrell) and refs therein
      • Flinders Ranges
        • South Flinders Ranges
          • Wilmington
    		Mineralogical Record: 32: 214.
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • North Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Burra
    		[MinRec 15:106-107, 12:107, 25:127-128]
    • Victoria
      • Lake Boga
    		[AmMin 85:1321]; Am Min 93:691-697
    • Western Australia
      • Pilbara Region
        • Ashburton Shire
    		[MinRec 24:208, 24:213]
    Min. Record 24,203-218(1993)
    Mineralogical Record 24,203-216,218.
    Belgium
     
    • Luxembourg Province
      • Stavelot Massif
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • El Loa Province
        • Calama
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863, 946; Mineralogical Record: 9: 330.
    • Atacama Region
      • Chañaral Province
        • Inca de Oro
          • San Pedro de Cachiyuyo District
    		maurizio dini collection - analysed specimens
      • Copiapó Province
        • Los Azules area
          • Zapallar Mining District
    		Leon Hupperichs collection
        • Paipote
          • Quebrada San Miguel mining district
    		Terry Szenics
        • Tierra Amarilla
          • Cerro Pintado
    		Lieber, W., Schnorrer, G., (1993): Idiomorphe Pseudomalachit-Kristalle aus der Mina La Farola bei Copiapo, Chile, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 44, pp. 301-307
      • Huasco Province
        • Freirina
    		Josef Vajdak (2002) Mineral News, 18, #1, 6.
    • Coquimbo Region
      • Elqui Province
        • Coquimbo
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863; Mineralogical Record: 23: 433.
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Pica
        • Altos de Pica
    		Sulphides analysed by geology dep. of company; sulphates, phosphates, analysed by Bob Jenkins (Usa) 2007
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
    		No reference listed
    Petr Pauliš (2000): Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech, Kuttna, Kutná Hora
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Katanga Copper Crescent
        • Central area
          • Kambove
    		M Kampf collection
          • Likasi
            • Luambo
    Lapis 17(3), 13-40 (1992)
          • Shinkolobwe
    		Bull. Mineral., 1988, 111
        • Southern area
          • Lubumbashi (Elizabethville)
            • Kipushi
    		No reference listed
    Lapis 17(3), 13-40 (1992)
        • Western area
          • Kolwezi
            • Kamoto
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Fecht valley (Munster valley)
          • Zimmerbach
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Gard
        • Alzon
    		Robert Pecorini collection
    • Limousin
      • Creuse
        • Boussac
          • Montebras-en-Soumans
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863.
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
        • Beaujeu
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863.
    [Le Cahier des Micromonteurs 1988, 4, p.6-46]
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Calw
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Gengenbach
          • Haigerach valley
    		Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		U. Kolitsch, G. Blaß, H.-W. Graf und J. Gröbner (2004): Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald. Lapis 29 (2) 18-23; 50. (in German)
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    • Hesse
      • North Hesse
        • Korbach
          • Eisenberg
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Odenwald
        • Bensheim
          • Reichenbach
            • Hohenstein
    		Lapis, 12 (10), 23-32+58.
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Mayen
          • Langenfeld
            • St Jost
    		Graf, HW., (1991): Die Grube Bendisberg, bei Virneburg / Eifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/91
      • Westerwald
        • Rheinbreitbach
    		Christof Schäfer
    • Saarland
      • Saarlouis
        • Düppenweiler
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Clausnitz - Sayda District
          • Sayda
    		J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2006): Neufunde aus dem Erzgebirge (II). Mineralien-Welt 17 (3), 22-27.
    Lapis 30(7/8):78-80 (2005)
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Graul
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Thuringia
      • Bad Lobenstein
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Vogtland
        • Hirschberg
          • Ullersreuth
    		T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001(12), 13-27
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • La Spezia Province
        • Rocchetta Vara
    		Balestra, C., & Kolitsch, U. (2007). Segnalazione di libethenite alla miniera di Monte Nero. Prie, 3 (2007), 27-29.
    • Sardinia
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Domusnovas
    		Perchiazzi N., Preite D. (1986) - Libethenite e Vesuviana di Sa Duchessa (CA) - Riv. Miner. Ital., Milano, fasc. 4, pp. 188-189
    Mexico
     
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Mapimí
        • Mapimí
    		No reference listed
    • Sonora
      • Mun. de Moctezuma
        • Moctezuma
    		Lapis 2001(1), 11-40
    Lapis 2001(1), 11-40
    Portugal
     
    • Beja District
      • Barrancos
    • Castelo Branco District
      • Vila Velha de Rodão
    • Évora District
      • Alandroal
      • Vila Viçosa
    		[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    • Guarda District
      • Sabugal
    		Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences.
    • Viseu District
      • Sátão
        • Ferreira de Aves
          • Aldeia Nova
    		Minerais de Portugal collection
    Republic of Congo (Brazzaville)
     
    • Pool Region
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863.
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Nizhnii Tagil
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Ľubietová (Libetbánya; Libethen) ore belt
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863; Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlung (1979): 134, 147; Canadian Mineralogist (1995): 33: 885.
    South Africa
     
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Bronkhorstspruit
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Namaqualand
        • Okiep Copper District
          • Springbok
    		Leon Hupperichs collection
        • Steinkopf
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Catalonia
      • Barcelona
        • Vallès Oriental
          • Montcada i Reixac
    		Mineralogistes de Catalunya (1997), VII (1): 34-55
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cheshire
        • Alderley Edge
    		No reference listed
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Gunnislake Area
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
    [Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Gwennap - St Day Area
            • Consolidated Mines
    		Lapis 11(2), 34 (1986)
            • St Day
    		No reference listed
          • Illogan
            • Carnkie
              • Basset Mines
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
            • Four Lanes
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"; Rocks & Min.: 17:130.]
        • Liskeard District
          • Caradon & Phoenix Area (South-Eastern Bodmin Moor)
            • Linkinhorne
    		No reference listed
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863; Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"] [Embrey & Symes, 1987, 110 - "Minerals of Cornwall and Devon"]
        • Mount's Bay District
          • St Hilary
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
        • St Agnes District
          • Perranzabuloe
    		No reference listed
        • St Austell District
          • Luxulyan Area (Luxulian Area)
            • Hensbarrow Downs
              • Stenalees
    		Elton, N. J. (1998): Barbosalite, frondelite and other phosphates from Gunheath China Clay Pit, St Austell, Cornwall, England. Journal of the Russell Society 7, 15-18; Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"
        • St Just District
          • Botallack - Pendeen Area
            • Botallack
              • Botallack Mine
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
        • Wadebridge District
          • Area West of Wadebridge
            • St Minver
    		[Golley & Williams, 1995, 38 - "Cornish Mineral Reference Manual"]
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Potts Gill
    		No reference listed
      • Devon
        • North Devon
          • North Molton District
    		BMS Collection
        • Tavistock District
          • Tavistock Hamlets
      • Leicestershire
        • Stanton under Bardon
    		UKJMM 26:31-42
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Apache Co.
        • Navajo Indian Reservation
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 276.
      • Cochise Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995),Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 276.
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Hayden area
              • Hayden
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 276.
        • Globe-Miami District
          • Inspiration
    		Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 79.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 276; Peterson, N.P., et al (1946), Hydrothermal alteration in the Castle Dome copper deposit, AZ, Econ.Geol.: 41: 820-840; Peterson, N.P., et al (1951), Geology and ore deposits of the Castle Dome area, Gila Co., USGS Bull. 971; Peterson, N.P. (1962), Geology and ore deposits of the Globe-Miami District, Arizona, USGS PP 342: 75; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 72.
      • Greenlee Co.
        • Shannon Mts
          • Clifton-Morenci District
            • Copper Plate Gulch
    		U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 43, 118 (1905); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277; Lindgren, W. & W.F. Hillebrand (1904), Minerals from the Clifton-Morenci district, AZ, Amer. Jour. Sci.: 18: 448-460; Rocks & Min.: 21:421; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 72.
      • Pima Co.
        • Santa Rita Mts
          • Helvetia-Rosemont District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277.
        • Silver Bell Mts
          • Silver Bell District
            • Mineral Mountain
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277.
        • Tohono O'odom (Papago) Indian Reservation
          • Comobabi Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277, 336.
        • Tucson Mts
          • Amole District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 121, 146, 187, 277; Khin, B.S. (1970), Cornetite from SAginaw Hill, AZ, Min.Rec.: 1: 117-118.
    Mineralogy of Arizona, Third Edition, 1995
        • Waterman Mts
          • Waterman District
            • Silver Hill District
              • Silver Hill
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Galiuro Mts
          • Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District)
            • Mammoth
              • Oak Grove Canyon
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277.
        • Mineral Creek District (Ray District)
          • Hot Tamale Peak
            • Ray
    		D. Court collection
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 277.
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Bradshaw Mts (Bradshaw Range)
          • Agua Fria District
            • Mayer
    		Grant, Raymond W., Bideaux, R.A., and Williams, S.A. (2006) Minerals Added to the Arizona List 1995-2005: 7.
    • California
    		No reference listed
        • Panoche Valley
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    • Colorado
      • Ouray Co.
        • Red Mountain District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Idaho
      • Custer Co.
        • Slate Creek Area
          • Unorganized District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    • Montana
      • Silver Bow Co.
        • Butte District
    		The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen
          • East Ridge
    		Min. Rec. 33:1
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Goodsprings District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Elko Co.
        • Snowstorm Mountains District
    		Photos in mindat galleries. Material collected 2007 by Jim McGlasson.
      • Eureka Co.
        • Gibellini District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Lynn District
          • Elko
    		MinRecord 26:467
        • Maggie Creek District
    		MinRec 26(5):449-469.
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Golconda District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Iron Point District
          • Valmy
    		Dr. William S. Wise presentation to Northwest Micro Mineral Study Group on 1 May 2004, Update on Mineralogy of the Silver Coin Mine, Iron Point District, Edna Mountains, Humboldt Co., Nevada
      • Lander Co.
        • North Battle Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lyon Co.
        • Yerington District
          • Artesia Lake
    		Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
          • Carson Hill
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863.
    Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
    Pullman, Steven, and Thomssen, Richard, "Nevada Mineral Locality Index" Rocks & Minerals, Vol. 74 No. 6. pg. 375
      • Mineral Co.
        • Buckley District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Candelaria District
          • Candelaria Silver mine
    		Collection of Kelly Starnes 1990
      • Pershing Co.
        • Antelope District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Washoe Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
        • Burro Mountains District
          • Tyrone Area
    		D.Court collection
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
          • Santa Rita
    		Northrop, Minerals of NM, 3rd ed. 1996
      • Hidalgo Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
          • Virginia District
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Socorro Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. ed., 1996
          • Bingham
    		[MinRecord 30:337]
    Mineralogical Record: 26(5): 483.
    • North Carolina
      • Lee Co.
        • Sanford
    		Rocks & Min.:58:183.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Montgomery Co.
        • Lower Providence Township
          • Audubon
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 863.
    • South Dakota
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Keystone
    		Rocks & Minerals: 57: 160 &/or 60: 110 & 112.
    Am Min 70:9-10 pp 1044-1049
    • Utah
      • Beaver Co.
        • Star Range
          • Star and North Star Districts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
    		Min Rec 4:6 p252
    • Virginia
      • Fairfax Co.
        • Herndon
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:166.
    Zambia
     
    • Central Province
      • Kabwe (Broken Hill)
    		[MinRec 12:394, 11:346-347]
    • Copperbelt Province
      • Kitwe
    		[MinRec 9:341-346]
    No reference listed
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
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