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Liddicoatite

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Antsirabé, Vakinankaratra Region (Betafo - Antsirabé region), Antananarivo Province, Madagascar
© Rob Lavinsky

Show Liddicoatite Photos (81)
Formula:
[Ca][Li
 
2
Al][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|F|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
System:TrigonalColour:Light-brown, pink to ...
Lustre:VitreousHardness:7½
Name:Named for Richard T. Liddicoat (1918-2002), gemologist and president of the Gemological Institute of America


Elbaite-Liddicoatite Series.

Classification of Liddicoatite

IMA status:Approved 1976
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/E.19-80
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.CK.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
K : [Si6O18]12- 6-membered single rings, with insular complex anions
Dana 7th edition ID:61.3.1.4
Dana 8th edition ID:61.3.1.2

61 : CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings
3 : Six-Membered Rings with borate groups
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.5.9

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates
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Type Occurrence of Liddicoatite

Type Locality:Antsirabé, Vakinankaratra Region (Betafo - Antsirabé region), Antananarivo Province, Madagascar
Year of Discovery:1977

Occurrences of Liddicoatite

Geological Setting:Pegmatites

Physical Properties of Liddicoatite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Comment:on fractures
Colour:Light-brown, pink to red, green, blue, rarely white.
Streak:Light brown
Hardness (Mohs):7½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct
Poor on {0001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.02 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.05 g/cm3

Crystallography of Liddicoatite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:R3m
Cell Parameters:a = 15.875Å, b = 3Å, c = 7.126(2) Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 5.292 : 1 : 2.375
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,555.26 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:3
Morphology:Stout prismatic

Optical Data of Liddicoatite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 1.637 nε = 1.621
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.016

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:O= dark brown
E= light brown

Chemical Properties of Liddicoatite

Formula:
[Ca][Li
 
2
Al][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|F|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
Essential elements:Al, B, Ca, F, H, Li, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, B, Ca, F, H, Li, O, Si
Common Impurities:Mn,Fe,Ti,Mg,Na,H2O

Relationship of Liddicoatite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Elbaite (see here)
Member of:Tourmaline
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.CK.05Buergerite
[Na][Fe
3+
3
][Al
 
6
][O
 
3
|F|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Chromdravite
[Na][Mg
 
3
][(Cr
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Dravite
[Na][Mg
 
3
][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Elbaite
[Na][(Li,Al)
 
3
][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Feruvite
[Ca][(Fe
2+
 
 ,Mg)
 
3
][MgAl
 
5
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Foitite
[ ][Fe
2+
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Olenite
(Na,[ ])[(Al,Li)
 
3
][Al
 
6
][(O,OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Povondraite
[Na][Fe
3+
3
][Fe
3+
4
Mg
 
2
][(OH)
 
3
|F|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Schorl
[Na][Fe
2+
3
][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Uvite
[Ca][(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
][MgAl
 
5
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Magnesiofoitite
[ ][Mg
 
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
 )][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Rossmanite
[ ][LiAl
 
2
][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Vanadiumdravite
[Na][Mg
 
3
][V
3+
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.05Oxy-Dravite
Na (MgAl
 
2
)(MgAl
 
5
)Si
 
6
O
 
18
(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
9.CK.05Oxy-rossmanite
[ ][LiAl
 
2
]Al
 
6
(BO
 
3
)
 
3
[Si
 
6
O
 
18
](OH)
 
3
(O)
9.CK.10Abenakiite-(Ce)
Na
 
26
Ce
 
6
[O|SO
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
6
|(PO
 
4
)
 
6
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
9.CK.15Scawtite
Ca
 
7
Si
 
6
(CO
 
3
)O
 
18
·2H
 
2
O
9.CK.20Steenstrupine-(Ce)
Na
 
14
Mn
2+
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
Ce
 
6
(Zr,Th)[(OH)
 
2
|HPO
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
6
|(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)
 
2
]·2H
 
2
O
9.CK.20Thorosteenstrupine
CaMnThSi
 
4
O
 
11
(OH)F·6H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
17.5.1Manandonite
LiAl
 
4
Si
 
3
BO
 
10
(OH)
 
6
17.5.2Reedmergnerite
Na[BSi
 
3
O
 
8
]
17.5.3Searlesite
NaBSi
 
2
O
 
5
(OH)
 
2
17.5.4Olenite
(Na,[ ])[(Al,Li)
 
3
][Al
 
6
][(O,OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
17.5.5Elbaite
[Na][(Li,Al)
 
3
][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
17.5.6Kalborsite
K
 
6
[Cl|B(OH)
 
4
|Al
 
4
Si
 
6
O
 
20
]
17.5.7Boromuscovite
KAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|BSi
 
3
O
 
10
]
17.5.8Poudretteite
KNa
 
2
B
 
3
Si
 
12
O
 
30
17.5.10Datolite
CaB[OH|SiO
 
4
]
17.5.11Danburite
CaB
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
8
17.5.12Howlite
Ca
 
2
B
 
5
SiO
 
9
(OH)
 
5
17.5.13Bakerite
Ca
 
4
B
 
4
[(OH)
 
4
|HBO
 
4
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
17.5.14Oyelite
Ca
 
10
Si
 
8
B
 
2
O
 
29
·12.5H
 
2
O
17.5.15Kornerupine
Mg
 
3
Al
 
6
(Si,Al,B)
 
5
O
 
21
(OH)
17.5.16Harkerite
Ca
 
24
Mg
 
8
Al
 
2
Si
 
8
(O,OH)
 
32
(BO
 
3
)
 
8
(CO
 
3
)
 
8
(H
 
2
O,Cl)
17.5.17Serendibite
(Ca,Na)
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
[O
 
2
|(Si,Al,B)
 
6
O
 
18
]
17.5.18Stillwellite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Ca)BSiO
 
5
17.5.19Tadzhikite-(Ce)
(Ca,Ce)
 
4
(Ce,Y)
 
2
(Ti
4+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Al)[B
 
4
Si
 
4
O
 
22
](OH)
 
2
17.5.20Melanocerite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca)
 
5
(Si,B)
 
3
O
 
12
(OH,F)·nH
 
2
O
17.5.21Okanoganite-(Y)
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Y,Ce)
 
12
Si
 
6
B
 
2
O
 
27
F
 
14
17.5.22Tritomite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Y,Th)
 
5
(Si,B)
 
3
(O,OH,F)
 
13
17.5.23Tritomite-(Y)
(Y,Ca,La,Fe)
 
5
(Si,B,Al)
 
3
(O,OH,F)
 
13
17.5.24Cappelenite-(Y)
Ba(Y,Ce)
 
6
Si
 
3
B
 
6
O
 
24
F
 
2
17.5.25Dumortierite
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
7
[O
 
3
|BO
 
3
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
17.5.26Holtite
(Ta,Sb)Al
 
6
[O
 
3
|BO
 
3
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
17.5.27Dravite
[Na][Mg
 
3
][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
17.5.28 Ferridravite
17.5.29Axinite-(Mg)
Ca
 
2
MgAl
 
2
[OH|BSi
 
4
O
 
15
]
17.5.30Uvite
[Ca][(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
][MgAl
 
5
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
17.5.31Garrelsite
Ba
 
3
NaSi
 
2
B
 
7
O
 
16
(OH)
 
4
17.5.32Tienshanite
KNa
 
3
Na
 
6
Ca
 
2
Ba
 
6
Mn
 
6
(Ti
4+
 
,Nb)
 
6
B
 
12
Si
 
36
O
 
114
(O,OH,F)
 
11
17.5.33Leucosphenite
BaNa
 
4
Ti
 
2
B
 
2
Si
 
10
O
 
30
17.5.34Taramellite
Ba
 
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
4
(B
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
27
)O
 
2
Cl
 
x
17.5.35Titantaramellite
Ba
 
4
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
4
(B
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
27
)O
 
2
Cl
 
x
17.5.36Nagashimalite
Ba
 
4
(V,Ti)
 
4
B
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
27
(O,OH)
 
2
Cl
17.5.37Chromdravite
[Na][Mg
 
3
][(Cr
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
17.5.38Wawayandaite
Ca
 
6
Mn
 
2
BBe
 
9
Si
 
6
O
 
23
(OH,Cl)
 
15
17.5.39Werdingite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
Al
 
14
Si
 
4
B
 
4
O
 
37
17.5.40Axinite-(Mn)
Ca
 
2
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
[OH|BSi
 
4
O
 
15
]
17.5.41Axinite
17.5.42Tinzenite
(Ca,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
Al
 
2
[OH|BSi
 
4
O
 
15
]
17.5.44Schorl
[Na][Fe
2+
3
][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
17.5.45Buergerite
[Na][Fe
3+
3
][Al
 
6
][O
 
3
|F|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
17.5.46Feruvite
[Ca][(Fe
2+
 
 ,Mg)
 
3
][MgAl
 
5
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
17.5.47Axinite-(Fe)
Ca
 
2
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
[OH|BSi
 
4
O
 
15
]
17.5.48Homilite
Ca
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)B
 
2
[O|SiO
 
4
]
 
2
17.5.49Grandidierite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
|SiO
 
4
]
17.5.50Hyalotekite
(Ba,Pb,Ca,K)
 
6
(B,Si,Al)
 
2
(Si,Be)
 
10
O
 
28
(F,Cl)
17.5.51Hellandite-(Y)
(Ca,Y)
 
6
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)Si
 
4
B
 
4
O
 
20
(OH)
 
4
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
61.3.1.1Foitite
[ ][Fe
2+
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.2Magnesiofoitite
[ ][Mg
 
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
 )][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.3Rossmanite
[ ][LiAl
 
2
][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.5Uvite
[Ca][(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
][MgAl
 
5
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.6Feruvite
[Ca][(Fe
2+
 
 ,Mg)
 
3
][MgAl
 
5
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.7Buergerite
[Na][Fe
3+
3
][Al
 
6
][O
 
3
|F|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.8Povondraite
[Na][Fe
3+
3
][Fe
3+
4
Mg
 
2
][(OH)
 
3
|F|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.9Olenite
(Na,[ ])[(Al,Li)
 
3
][Al
 
6
][(O,OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.10Elbaite
[Na][(Li,Al)
 
3
][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.11Dravite
[Na][Mg
 
3
][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.12Schorl
[Na][Fe
2+
3
][Al
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.13Chromdravite
[Na][Mg
 
3
][(Cr
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]
61.3.1.14Vanadiumdravite
[Na][Mg
 
3
][V
3+
6
][(OH)
 
3
|OH|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]

Other Names for Liddicoatite

Synonyms:
IMA1976-041
Other Languages:
German:Liddicoatit
Japanese:リッディコート電気石
Russian:Лиддикоатит
Spanish:Liddicoatita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Liddicoatite

Reference List:Dunn, P.J., Appleman, D.E., and Nelen, J.E. (1977) Liddicoatite, a new calcium end-member of the tourmaline group. American Mineralogist: 62: 1121-1124.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1981): 215-219.

Nuber, B. and K. Schmetzer (1981), Strukturverfeinerung von Liddicoatit: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1981): 301-304.

Aurisicchio, C., Demartin, F., Ottolini, L. & Pezzotta, F. (1999): Homogeneous liddicoatite from Madagascar. A possible reference material? First EMPA, SIMS, and SREF data. European Journal of Mineralogy 11, 237-242.

Grew, E.S., and Anovitz, L.M. (1996) BORON: Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, second edition, as revised (2002).

Internet Links for Liddicoatite

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  • Look for Liddicoatite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Liddicoatite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Liddicoatite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Liddicoatite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Jequitinhonha valley
          • Coronel Murta
            • Barra de Salinas
    		erroneously reported [MinRec 33:209]
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Maskwa Lake
    		Teertstra, D.K., Černý, P., and Ottolini, L. (1999), European Journal of Mineralogy: 11: 227-235.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • South Bohemia Region
        • Frymburk
          • Cerna v Posumavi
    		Novák, M., Selway, J.B., Černý, P., Hawthorne, F.C., and Ottolini, L. (1999) Tourmaline of the elbaite-dravite series from an elbaite-subtype pegmatite at Blizná, southern Bohemia, Czech Republic. European Journal of Mineralogy 11, 557-568.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
    		Novák, M.: Bór obsahující minerály z granitických pegmatitů moldanubika. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 164-169.
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Brescia Province
        • Adamello-Brenta Natural Park
          • Adamello Massif
            • Mt. Foppa
    		Pezzotta, Federico and Guastoni, Alessandro, The New Discovery of a LCT Pegmatite in the Adamello Massif, Central Southern Alps, Italy; Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milan, Italy.
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Vakinankaratra Region (Betafo - Antsirabé region)
    		Dunn, P. J., Appleman, D.E. & Nelen, J.E. (1977): Liddicoatite, a new calcium end-member of the tourmaline group. American Mineralogist 62, 1121-1124.
        • Betafo District
          • Ambohimanambola Commune
            • Mount Ikaka
    		Wilson, W.E. (1989) The Anjanabonoina pegmatite, Madagascar. Mineralogical Record 20: 191-200; Dirlam, D.M., Laurs, B.M., Pezzotta, F., and Simmons, W.B. (2002): Liddicoatite tourmaline from Anjanabonoina, Madagascar. Gems and Gemology: 38: 28-52
          • Andrembesoa Commune
            • Tetezantsio-Andoabatokely Pegmatite Field
    		RRUFF ID: R080064.2
          • Manapa pegmatite Field
    		Domenico Preite specimen
    Arliguie M collection
    Dirlam, D.M., Laurs, B.M., Pezzotta, F., and Simmons, W.B. (2002): Liddicoatite tourmaline from Anjanabonoina, Madagascar. Gems and Gemology: 38: 28-52
        • Sahatany Pegmatite Field (Mt Bity (Ibity) area)
          • Manandona Valley
    		Pezzotta F., Falster A.U., Simmons W.B. & Webber K.L. (1997): Rhodizite from Madagascar, new localities and new chemical data. Abstracts of the First International Workshop on Petrology, Milan, Italy, September 11 to 13, 1997, Mus. Storia Nat. Sc. Nat.; RRUFF specimen R060969
          • Sahatany Valley
    		Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de doctorat de L'Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
    Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
    Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de doctorat de L'Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Amoron'i Mania Region
        • Ampandramaika-Malakialina Pegmatite Field
          • Ambatofinandrahana District
    		Moore, T. (2008): What's New in Minerals. Dallas Show 2008. Mineralogical Record 39, p 332
            • Mandrosonoro area
              • Ambatovita
    		Rocks & Minerals 82:146
      • Matsiatra Region
        • Ivohibato Alakamisy-Itenina District
    		Aurisicchio, C., Demartin, F., Ottolini, L. & Pezzotta, F. (1999): Homogeneous liddicoatite from Madagascar. A possible reference material? First EMPA, SIMS, and SREF data. European Journal of Mineralogy 11, 237-242.
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Anosy (Fort Dauphin) Region
        • Amboasary District
          • Tranomaro Commune
    		http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/Special/Pig/PIG_articles/Anjahamiary.pdf/ Pezzotta, F.(2004): Der Pegmatit von Anjahamiary bei Fort Dauphin, Madagaskar. LAPIS 29 (2): 24-28
    Nigeria
     
    • Oyo State
    		Giller BS (2003) An overview of tourmaline mineralogy from gem tourmaline producing pegmatite districts in Africa. Master of Science Thesis, University of New Orleans, LA.
    Norway
     
    • Nordland
      • Alstahaug
        • Sandnessjøen
    		Larsen, A.O.,Nordrum, F.S. & Austrheim, H. (1999): Turmaliner i Norge. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 15: 21-30
    Republic of Congo (Brazzaville)
    Simmons W., Falster A. (2004) Gem Tourmaline from Congo. Gems & Gemology 40, 263-265.
    Simmons W., Falster A. (2004) Gem Tourmaline from Congo. Gems & Gemology 40, 263-265.
    Sweden
     
    • Södermanland
      • Stockholm
        • Haninge
          • Utö Island
    		Selway, J. B.; Smeds, S.-A.; Cerny, P.; Hawthorne, F. C. (2002): Compositional evolution of tourmaline in the petalite-subtype Nykopingsgruvan pegmatites, Uto, Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden. GFF 124, 93-102.
    Tanzania
     
    • Morogoro Region
    		Giller BS (2003) An overview of tourmaline mineralogy from gem tourmaline producing pegmatite districts in Africa. Master of Science Thesis, University of New Orleans, LA.
    Vietnam
     
    • Yenbai (Yen Bai) Province
      • Luc Yen
    		Mineralogical Record: 36(3): 296.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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