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Linnaeite

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Müsen, Siegerland, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
© Peter Haas

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Formula:
Co
2+
 
Co
3+
2
S
 
4
System:IsometricColour:Grey, violet
Hardness:4½ - 5½
Name:Named after Carl von Linné [Carolus Linnaeus] (1707–1778), Swedish taxonomist.


Linnaeite Group and Thiospinel Group. Linnaeite-Polydymite Series.

Classification of Linnaeite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/D.01-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.DA.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4
Dana 8th edition ID:2.10.1.1

2 : SULFIDES
10 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:4
Hey's CIM Ref.:3.10.2

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
10 : Sulphides etc. of Co
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Type Occurrence of Linnaeite

Type Locality:Bastnäs mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland, Sweden
Year of Discovery:1845

Physical Properties of Linnaeite

Lustre:Metallic
Colour:Grey, violet
Streak:Greyish black
Hardness (Mohs):4½ - 5½

Crystallography of Linnaeite

Crystal System:Isometric
Cell Parameters:a = 9.43Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 838.56 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Linnaeite

Type:Isotropic

Chemical Properties of Linnaeite

Formula:
Co
2+
 
Co
3+
2
S
 
4
Essential elements:Co, S
All elements listed in formula:Co, S
Common Impurities:Ni,Cu,Fe,Se

Relationship of Linnaeite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Polydymite (see here)
Member of Group:
Thiospinel Group:
AB
 
2
X
 
4
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.DA.05Bornhardtite
Co
2+
 
Co
3+
2
Se
 
4
2.DA.05Carrollite
Cu(Co,Ni)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Cuproiridsite
(Cu,Fe)Ir
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Cuprorhodsite
(Cu,Fe)Rh
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Daubréelite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Fletcherite
Cu(Ni,Co)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Florensovite
(Cu,Zn)Cr
 
1.5
Sb
 
0.5
S
 
4
2.DA.05Greigite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Indite
FeIn
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Kalininite
ZnCr
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Malanite
Cu(Pt
3+
 
,Ir
3+
 
)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Polydymite
Ni
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Siegenite
from CoNi
 
2
S
 
4
 to NiCo
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Trüstedtite
Ni
 
3
Se
 
4
2.DA.05Tyrrellite
Cu(Co
3+
 
,Ni
3+
 
)
 
2
Se
 
4
2.DA.05Violarite
Fe
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Xingzhongite
(Pb,Cu,Fe)(Ir,Pt,Rh)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Ferrorhodsite
(Fe,Cu)(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Cadmoindite
CdIn
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.10Rhodostannite
Cu
 
2
FeSn
 
3
S
 
8
2.DA.10Toyohaite
Ag
 
2
FeSn
 
3
S
 
8
2.DA.15Brezinaite
Cr
 
3
S
 
4
2.DA.15Heideite
(Fe,Cr)
 
1.15
(Ti,Fe)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.20Inaglyite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Ir,Pt)
 
8
S
 
16
2.DA.20Konderite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)
 
8
S
 
16
2.DA.25Kingstonite
(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
3
S
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
3.10.1Cobaltpentlandite
(Co,Ni,Fe)
 
9
S
 
8
3.10.3Cattierite
CoS
 
2
3.10.4Freboldite
CoSe
3.10.5Bornhardtite
Co
2+
 
Co
3+
2
Se
 
4
3.10.6Trogtalite
CoSe
 
2
3.10.7Hastite
CoSe
 
2
3.10.8Mattagamite
CoTe
 
2
3.10.9Modderite
(Co,Fe)As
3.10.10Safflorite
(Co,Fe,Ni)As
 
2
3.10.11Clinosafflorite
(Co,Fe,Ni)As
 
2
3.10.12Skutterudite
(Co,Fe,Ni)As
 
2-3
3.10.13Cobaltite
CoAsS
3.10.14Paracostibite
CoSbS
3.10.15Costibite
CoSbS
3.10.16Alloclasite
(Co
 
0.65
Fe
 
0.35
)AsS - CoAsS
3.10.17Glaucodot
(Co
 
0.50
Fe
 
0.50
)AsS
3.10.18Carrollite
Cu(Co,Ni)
 
2
S
 
4

Other Names for Linnaeite

Synonyms:
Cobalt PyritesKobaltkies (of Hausmann)KoboldineLineite
Other Languages:
German:Lineit
Linnaeit
Linnéit
Latin:Cobaltum Pyriticosum
Russian:Линнеит
Spanish:Lineita
Linnaeita
Swedish:Koboltkis
Varieties:
Auriferous Linnaeite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Linnaeite

Reference List:Beudant (1832): 2: 417 (as koboldine).

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 262-265.

Mineralogical Magazine (1980): 43: 734.

Internet Links for Linnaeite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Linnaeite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Linnaeite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Linnaeite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Kabol (Kabul) Province
      • Khaki Jabbar District
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
      • Minas Department
    		Sureda (1978): Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina 33(4):299-324
    • Salta
      • Iruya
    		Brodtkorb (1963): 2a Jornadas Geologicas Argentinas 1:25-53, Salta
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Ramdohr, P. (1950): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2(4), 291-333.
    • South Australia
      • Andamooka Ranges - Lake Torrens area
        • Stuart Shelf area
          • Mt Gunson
    • Tasmania
      • Queenstown district
    		Ralph Bottrill et al in prep.
    Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    Bottrill RS & Baker, WE (in prep) Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania. Mineral Resources Tasmania
    • Western Australia
    		Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Stubach valley
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Knittelfeld
        • Flatschach
          • Cu deposit
    		Gröbner, J. (2000): Neue Mineralienfunde aus Österreich (2). Mineralien-Welt, 11 (5), 49-51.
      • Schladming
        • Schladminger Tauern Mts
          • Obertalbach valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Schwaz
    		Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994)
        • Kitzbüheler Alpen Mts
          • Fieberbrunn
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Nor Chichas Province
    		Econ Geol (1997) 92:623-632; Dill, H.G. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 359-378.
    Bulgaria
     
    • Pazardzhik (Pazardjik) Oblast
      • Srednogorie (Sredna Gora; Srdnia Gora) Region
        • Panagyurishte (Panagurishte) Obshchina
          • Tsar Assen
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
          • Zlatitsa
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Nipissing District
        • Phyllis Township
          • Lake Temagami (Timagami Lake; Tamagaming)
            • Temagami Island
    		http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperfield%27s_Mine
      • Timiskaming District
        • Boston Township
          • Kirkland Lake area
    		Econ Geol (1993) 88:817-836
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Huasco Province
        • Carrizal Alto district
    		A. H. Clark (1974): \"Hypogene and Superegene Cobalt-Copper sulfides, Carrizal Alto, Atacama, Chile\": AM, vol. 59, pp. 302-306
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Huaibei Prefecture
        • Suixi Co.
    		Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, and Chengsi Bi (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 14, 227-249.
    Yanjing Chen, Huayong Chen, Khin Zaw, Pirajno, F., and Zengjie Zhang (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 31, 139-169.
    • Shanxi Province
      • Yuncheng Prefecture
        • Zhongtiao Mountains
          • Wenxi Co.
    		Yang Weihua (1996): Geochemistry of Strata-Bound Copper Deposits. In: Tu Guangzhi and Xu Zhonglun, eds.: Geochemistry of Strata-Bound Deposits in China. Science Press, Beijing (1996), pp. 470-507.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Garzê (Ganzi) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Danba Co.
          • Yangliuping dome
    		Dunn, P.J., Chao, G.Y., Grice, J.D, Ferraiolo, J.A., Fleischer, M., Pabst, A., and Zilczer, J.A. (1985): American Mineralogist 69, 565-569.
      • Ya'an Prefecture
        • Hanyuan Co.
    		Kamitani, M., Okumura, K., Teraoka, Y., Miyano, S., and Watanabe, Y. (2007): Mineral Resources Map of East Asia. Geological Survey of Japan.
    • Yunnan Province
      • Nujiang Autonomous Prefecture
        • Lanping Co.
    		Liu Jiajun, Li Chaoyang, Zhang Qian, Pan Jiayong, Liu Yuping, Liu Xianfan, Liu Shirong, and Yang Weiguang (2001): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 44(6), 545-554.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Katanga Copper Crescent
        • Central area
          • Katanga
    		Gauthier, G., King, V., and Morgan, R., in press, Carrollite from Kamoya South II Mine.
          • Shinkolobwe
    		MinRec 20:287-288; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
      • Kipushi
    		Kampunzu, A.B., Cailteux, J.L.H., Kamona, A.F., Intiomale, M.M., and Melcher, F. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 263-297.
    Finland
     
    • Oulun (Oulu) Lääni
    		Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
    No reference listed
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Am Min 50:581-586
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Villé Valley
          • Urbeis
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne),1997; Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994
    • Auvergne
      • Cantal
        • Champs-sur-Tarentaine-Marchal
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J.J. Périchaud : "Inventaire Minéralogique du Cantal", BRGM and Editions G. de Bussac, 1971
      • Haute-Loire
        • Brioude
          • Saint-Beauzire
    		P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989
          • Vieille-Brioude
    		P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989
        • Langeac
          • Barlet
    		P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989
    • Brittany
      • Finistère
        • Poullaouen
    		R.PIERROT, L. CHAURIS, C. LAFORET (1973) : "Inventaire minéralogique de la France : 29- Finistère.", B.R.G.M. Paris.
    • Lorraine
      • Vosges
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997, 27-28
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Aveyron
        • Lunel
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
        • Saint-Martin-Vésubie
          • Le Boréon
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Féraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 4 : Alpes-Maritimes", BRGM, 1974
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Freiburg im Breisgau
          • Schauinsland Mt.
            • Schauinsland Pb-Zn mining District
              • North field
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • St Blasien
          • Horbach
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Lam
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Zwiesel
            • Bodenmais
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Schwandorf
          • Wölsendorf Fluorite mining District
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Hesse
      • Dillenburg District
        • Gladenbach
          • Bellnhausen
    		S. Weiss: Mineralfundstellen Deutschland West, Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Goslar
          • Rammelsberg
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Meschede
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Siegerland
        • Gosenbach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Littfeld
    		Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Silberg
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Müsen
    		Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Kirchheimbolanden
        • Imsbach
    		Lapis, 9 (5), 36-39.
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Lahn valley
        • Bad Ems District
          • Bad Ems
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Frücht
    		Der Aufschluss Vol.55, March/April 2004
      • Obermoschel
    		Lapis 2001(6), 13-40
      • Siegerland
        • Betzdorf
          • Schutzbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Wissen
          • Schönstein
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Westerwald
        • Wied Iron Spar District
          • Altenkirchen
            • Bürdenbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
            • Willroth
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Oberwiesenthal
          • Niederschlag
    		Lapis, 19 (4), 13-22+50.
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Ghana
     
    • Western Region
      • Tarkwa
    		Mücke, A., Dzigbodi-Adjimah, K., and Annor, A. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 297-311.
    India
     
    • Karnataka
      • Arsikere
    		Subba Rao, D.V., and Naqvi, S.M. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 230-242.
    Italy
     
    • Emilia-Romagna
      • Parma Province
        • Berceto
          • Corchia mine
    		ADORNI F., GUELFI F. (1997) - La miniera di Fe e Cu di Corchia, Berceto, Appennino Parmense. - Riv. Min. It., N. 3, 217-250.
    ADORNI F., GUELFI F. (1997) - La miniera di Fe e Cu di Corchia, Berceto, Appennino Parmense. - Riv. Min. It., N. 3, 217-250.
    Adorni F., Guelfi F. (1997) - La miniera di Fe e Cu di Corchia, Berceto, Appennino Parmense. - Riv. Min. It. N 3, 217-250.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Germanasca Valley
          • Prali
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Anzasca Valley
          • Vanzone con San Carlo
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Vercelli Province
        • Sesia Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \"F. Eusebio\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Sardinia
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Gonnosfanadiga
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 2, 192 pp.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Valsugana
          • Roncegno
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work
    Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Capoliveri
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Pavlodar Oblysy (Pavlodar [Pavlodarskaya] Oblast')
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    Madagascar
     
    • Antsiranana Province
      • Sava (Northeastern) Region
        • Vohémar District
    		Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive. p 47
    Mexico
     
    • Chiapas
      • Mun. de Pichucalco
        • Pichucalco
    		[var: Auriferous Linnaeite] Dana 6:A2:64; Min.Mag.: 13:361.
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
    		S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006)
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
        • Usakos
          • Naob 69 farm
    		Bürg, G. , Die Nutzbaren Minerallagerstätten von Deutsch-Südwestafrika (1942), p.83-86
      • Swakopmund District
        • Arandis
    		Bürg, G. , Die Nutzbaren Minerallagerstätten von Deutsch-Südwestafrika (1942), p.80-83
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany,
    Netherlands
     
    T.G. Nijland, J.C. Zwaan, D. Visser, J. Leloux - De mineralen van Nederland - 2007
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Evje og Hornnes
        • Flåt
    		Koning (1947, p. 313); Neumann (1985, p. 31).
    • Østfold
      • Råde
        • Oslofjorden
    		Schulze (1969); Neumann (1985, p.31).
    • Rogaland
      • Sokndal
    		Krause, H. & Zeino-Mahmalat, R. (1970): Untersuchungen an Erz und Nebengestein der Grube Blåfjell in SW-Norwegen. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 50: 45-70
    • Troms
      • Nordreisa (Nord-Reisa)
        • Reisadalen (Ráisávzi; Reisa) Valley
    		Gjelsvik (1956, p. 661); Neumann (1985, p. 31).
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Kaczawskie Mts
        • Radzimowice
          • Stara Góra
    		1. R. Siuda, 2001 : New sulphate minerals from the Stara Góra oxidised zone, Radzimowice, Kaczawskie Mts., Mineralogical Society of Poland, Special Papers, vol 18, 186-188
    Janeczek, J, Kozłowski, K., Żaba, J.: Zbieramy minerały i skały. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, 1991. s. 210-222.
      • Wałbrzych District
    		Muszer A., Szuszkiewicz A., Łobos K. 2006: New occurence of clausthalite (PbSe) in the Sudetes (SW Poland). Mineralogia ; Muszer A., Szuszkiewicz A., Łobos K. 2006: New occurence of clausthalite (PbSe) in the Sudetes (SW Poland). Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 37., no. 2, 123-132
    • Podlaskie
      • Suwałki District
        • Suwałki Massif
    		Morgan, J.W., Stein, H.J., Hannah, J.L., Markey, R.J., and Wiszniewska, J. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 391-401.
    Morgan, J.W., Stein, H.J., Hannah, J.L., Markey, R.J., and Wiszniewska, J. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 391-401.
    Morgan, J.W., Stein, H.J., Hannah, J.L., Markey, R.J., and Wiszniewska, J. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 391-401.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
        • Taimyr Peninsula
          • Putoran Plateau
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
              • Noril'sk Cu-Ni Deposit
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
          • Udokan
    		Prokof’ev, V.Y., Zorina, L.D., Kovalenker, V.A., Akinfiev, N.N., Baksheev, I.A., Krasnov, A.N., Yurgenson, G.A., and Trubkin, N.V. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(1), 31-68.
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
    		[MinRec 32:8]
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Northern Karelia
          • Oulanka plutonic complex
            • Olanga (Oulanka) River
    		A. Yu. Barkov et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 311-316.
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Kurganskaya Oblast'
    		Solodov, I.N., Chertok, M.B., Ganina, N.I., and Shulik, L.S. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(1), 61-73.
    • Western-Siberian Region
    		[Mineralien Welt 6/92:62]
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Hnúšťa
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
        • Sirk (Szirk)
    		Grecula,P. et al., 1995: Ložiska nerastných surovín Slovenského rudohoria. Zväz.1, Bratislava, 834 s
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Pauliš P., Ďuďa R., 2002:Nejznámejší mineralogická nalezište Slovenska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora, 136p
    South Africa
     
    • Free State Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Limpopo Province
      • Phalaborwa
        • Loolekop
    • Mpumalanga Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Namaqualand
    		Min Rec 35:4 pp289-317
    Spain
     
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Conca de Barberà
          • Vimbodí
    		C. Canet et al. , Canad. Mineral. , V41, 2003, pp. 581-595.
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Borlänge
        • Smedsbo
    		No reference listed
    • Lappland
      • Vittangi
    		IMA 18th General Meeting, Programme with Abstracts, 266
    • Småland
      • Oskarshamn
    		No reference listed
      • Västervik
    		Wilke, H.-J. (1976): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 4: Skandinavien. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, p. 142-143
    • Södermanland
      • Nyköping
        • Tunaberg
    		NJMAh 166, 261
    • Värmland
      • Arvika
    		No reference listed
      • Filipstad
      • Grums
    		No reference listed
    • Västmanland
      • Skinnskatteberg
        • Riddarhyttan
    		[Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]
    Switzerland
     
    • Glarus
      • Murg Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 255.
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Vorderrhein Valley
        • Trun
          • Dalisch
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 255.
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Riviera
        • Claro
          • Molino Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 213-214.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Ayer
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 255.
    Uganda
     
    • Kasese District
      • Toro
    		www.ugandagold.com
    UK
     
    • Wales
      • Conwy (Gwynedd; Caernarvonshire)
        • Llandudno
          • Great Orme
    		BMS Database
    Ukraine
     
    • Donets'k Oblast' (Donetsk Oblast')
      • Gorlovka
        • Novyy Donbass
    		[World of Stones 12:20]
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Matanuska-Susitna Borough
        • Valdez Creek District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • Arizona
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 279; Wenrich, K.J. & H.B. Sutphin (1988), Recognition of breccia pipes in northern Arizona, AZ Bur. Geol. Min. Tech. Fieldnotes: 18: 1-5, II.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 279; Wenrich, K.J. & Sutphin, H.B. (1988), Recognition of breccia pipes in northern AZ, AZ Bur. of Geol. Min. Tech. Fieldnotes: 18:1-5, 11.
    • Idaho
      • Lemhi Co.
        • Blackbird District
    		USGS OFR 1998 - Open-File Report 98-478
      • Owyhee Co.
    		Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
    • Maine
      • Knox Co.
        • Union
    		Rocks & Minerals (1955) 30:365-366
      • Piscataquis Co.
        • Katahdin Iron Works
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V.1.
    • Maryland
      • Carroll Co.
        • Sykesville
          • Finksburg
    		Dana 7:I:264.
          • Louisville
    		Dana 7:I:264.
    Dana 7:I:265.
    • Missouri
      • Madison Co.
        • Fredericktown District
          • Mine La Motte
    		Rocks & Minerals: 21: 277.
      • St. Louis Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • New York
      • Putnam Co.
        • Brewster
    		Jensen (1978) Minerals of New York State, p.114
    • Oregon
      • Josephine Co.
        • Takilma District
    		Strickler, Michael D., 1986, Geologic setting of the Turner-Albright massive sulfide deposit, Josephine County, Oregon: Oregon Geology, v. 48, no. 10, pages 115-122.
    • Texas
      • Llano Co.
        • Oxford
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 63, pages 410412, 1978; American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 156-169, 1982
    • Washington
      • Lewis Co.
        • Mt Rainier District
          • Eagle Peak
    		Huntting, M. (1956): Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metallic Minerals, Vol. 1; Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.78; Lasmanis, R. Et Al (1990): Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report
    Mineral and/or Locality
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