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Ludlockite

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Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia
© JBS 2006

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Formula:
PbFe
3+
4
As
3+
10
O
 
22
System:TriclinicColour:Orange Red, orange brown
Lustre:Greasy, SilkyHardness:1½ - 2
Name:Named for mineral dealers Frederick Ludlow Smith III and Charles Locke Key, who discovered the mineral.


Note: "ludlockite" from Zarehehuran, Takap, Takht-e-Suleiman massif, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, turned out to be the new mineral daliranite.

Classification of Ludlockite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/J.07-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.JA.45

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
J : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites; iodates
A : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites; without additional anions, without H2O
Dana 8th edition ID:45.1.14.1

45 : ACID AND NORMAL ANTIMONITES AND ARSENITES
1 : Miscellaneous
Hey's CIM Ref.:20.5.10

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
5 : Arsenates of Ti and Pb
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Type Occurrence of Ludlockite

Type Locality:Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia
Year of Discovery:1970

Physical Properties of Ludlockite

Lustre:Greasy, Silky
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Orange Red, orange brown
Streak:light brown
Hardness (Mohs):1½ - 2
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
{0-11}, {0kl}
Fracture:None observed
Density (measured):4.40 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.35 g/cm3

Crystallography of Ludlockite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:P1
Cell Parameters:a = 10.41Å, b = 11.95Å, c = 9.86Å
α = 113.9°, β = 99.7°, γ = 82.7°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.871 : 1 : 0.825
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,103.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:9
Morphology:Hair-like crystals
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
10.90 (60)
8.81 (100)
4.74 (60)
4.47 (60)
3.330 (70)
3.160 (70)
2.935 (90)
2.863 (70)
Comments:29-774

Optical Data of Ludlockite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.960 nβ = 2.055 nγ = 2.110
Birefringence:0.15
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.150

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X yellow; Y deep yellow; Z orange yellow

Chemical Properties of Ludlockite

Formula:
PbFe
3+
4
As
3+
10
O
 
22
Idealised Formula:
(Fe,Pb)As
 
2
O
 
6
Essential elements:As, Fe, O, Pb
All elements listed in formula:As, Fe, O, Pb

Relationship of Ludlockite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.JA.05Leiteite
Zn(As
 
2
O
 
4
)
4.JA.10Reinerite
Zn
 
3
(AsO
 
3
)
 
2
4.JA.15Karibibite
Fe
 
2
As
 
4
O
 
9
4.JA.20Kusachiite
CuBi
 
2
O
 
4
4.JA.20Schafarzikite
Fe
2+
 
Sb
3+
2
O
 
4
4.JA.20Trippkeite
Cu[As
 
2
O
 
4
]
4.JA.25Apuanite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
Sb
3+
4
O
 
12
S
4.JA.30Versiliaite
Fe
 
2
Fe
 
4
Sb
 
6
O
 
16
S
4.JA.35Schneiderhöhnite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
3
[As
 
5
O
 
13
]
4.JA.40Zimbabweite
(Na,K)
 
2
PbAs
 
4
(Ta,Nb,Ti)
 
4
O
 
18
4.JA.50Paulmooreite
Pb
 
2
[As
 
2
O
 
5
]
4.JA.55Stibivanite
Sb
 
2
VO
 
5
4.JA.60Chadwickite
(UO
 
2
)[HAsO
 
3
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
20.5.1Cafarsite
Ca
 
8
(Ti,Fe,Fe,Mn)
 
6-7
(AsO
 
3
)
 
12
 · 4H
 
2
O
20.5.2Schultenite
Pb(HAsO
 
4
)
20.5.3Duftite
PbCu(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.5.4Bayldonite
Cu
 
3
Pb(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
20.5.5Philipsbornite
PbAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
20.5.6Arsendescloizite
PbZn(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.5.7Helmutwinklerite
Pb(Zn,Cu)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
20.5.8Thometzekite
Pb(Cu,Zn)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2(H
 
2
O,OH)
20.5.9Caryinite
(Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)(Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
20.5.11Gabrielsonite
PbFe(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.5.12Carminite
PbFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
20.5.13Segnitite
PbFe
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
6
20.5.14Tsumcorite
Pb(Zn,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2(H
 
2
O,OH)
20.5.15Jamesite
Pb
 
2
Zn(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)
 
2
Fe
3+
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
10
20.5.16Mawbyite
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Zn)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2(OH,H
 
2
O)
20.5.17Arsenbrackenbuschite

Other Names for Ludlockite

Synonyms:
IMA1969-046Ludlockite-(Pb)
Other Languages:
German:Ludlockit
Russian:Лудлокит
Spanish:Ludlockita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Not fluorescent
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Ludlockite

Reference List:

- +
American Mineralogist (1972): 57: 1003.

Canadian Mineralogist (1994): 34: 79-89.

Internet Links for Ludlockite

Search Engines:
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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Ludlockite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Specimens:The following Ludlockite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
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    • Localities for Ludlockite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Saualpe Mts
        • Bad St Leonhard
          • Kliening
    		Carinthia II (1999)
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Copiapó Province
        • Tierra Amarilla
          • Pampa Larga district
    		Confirmed and analysed by Xprd by Dr. Tony Kampf (Curator of NHM of LA - USA)
    France
     
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Loire
        • La Pacaudière
          • Le Crozet
    		No reference listed
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
    		Hochleitner, R. (1986): Ludlockit aus den Schlacken von Lavrion. LAPIS 11 (6), 30
          • Oxygon area
    		No reference listed
          • Thorikos area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
          • Vrissaki area
    		Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, and Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags, Janssen Print, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    Iran
     
    • West Azarbaijan Province (West Azerbaijan Province)
      • Takab (Takan Tepe)
    		http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/ludlockite.pdf http://www.mindat.org/mesg-14-151189.html
    Italy
     
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
    		Int. Assoc. of Collectors of Slag Minerals, 10 (2), 4-6.
          • Sassetta
    		Jansen, H. & van den Berg, W. (1998): Slakkenmineralen in Toscane (Italië). Gea, no. 4, 109-117 (in Dutch).
        • Piombino
    		Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.
    Japan
     
    • Kyushu Region
      • Oita prefecture
        • Saeki city
    		Specimens on sale at Osaka show, 2010.
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		[Nickel & Nichols, 1991 "Mineral Reference Manual": 123; Rocks & Min.: 62:440.
    South Africa
     
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Marble Hall
    		Robert O. Meyer collection; Dr. Hans Börner collection; collected by Dr. Hans Börner
    Mineral and/or Locality
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2011. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them. Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. Mindat does not offer minerals for sale. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register.
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